This document contains an activity completed by a student named Rej Erika Jane C. Fenol. The activity involves listing pictograms and their meanings according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). It provides detailed definitions and classification criteria for physical, health, and environmental hazards under the GHS. The classifications are based on test results and consider factors like flash point, acute toxicity levels, corrosiveness, etc. Mixtures are classified using a tiered approach, first considering test data on the mixture itself and if unavailable, using bridging principles or calculated cutoff values based on component data.
This document summarizes the key changes to the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) to align it with the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Some of the major changes include revising definitions, adding new definitions, revising criteria for classifying health and physical hazards, requiring new labeling elements, standardizing the format and order of information on safety data sheets, and updating training requirements. The changes are aimed at improving safety by ensuring hazards of all chemicals are evaluated and communicated in a consistent, globally-understandable manner.
The document summarizes OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard 1910.1200. It outlines the purpose and definitions of key terms to ensure chemical hazards are evaluated and communicated. It describes requirements for written hazard programs, labels, safety data sheets, and employee training. It provides details on hazard classification and the changes made to harmonize with the global standard including new definitions, pictograms, and safety data sheet format.
The document discusses changes to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard to align it with the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Key changes include standardized definitions, hazard classification criteria, safety data sheet requirements, and new pictograms and label elements. The goal is to improve chemical safety by ensuring chemical hazards are properly evaluated and communicated to employers and employees through labels, safety data sheets, and training.
The document discusses the 9 classes of hazardous materials (hazmat) according to the UN classification system. It provides details on the general properties and hazards associated with each class. Class 1 covers explosives, Class 2 covers gases, Class 3 covers flammable liquids, Class 4 covers flammable solids, Class 5 covers oxidizing agents, Class 6 covers toxic and infectious substances, Class 7 covers radioactive substances, and Class 8 covers corrosive substances. The document aims to help identify different hazmat classes and understand the hazards posed by substances in each class.
As GHS rules and laws get pumped up in Canada and USA a lot of folks are training including law enforcement agencies, but with training comes confusion for some agencies between the cross over in Dangerous good/HazMat and GHS and why are some in GHS not the exact same in Dangerous Goods! Well read on to find out!
Storage and handling od hazardous materialsDudekula Jamal
This document defines hazardous materials and describes four main types - flammable, corrosive, toxic, and reactive - that are commonly found in aircraft maintenance. It provides guidelines for safely handling and storing each type. Flammables should be kept away from sparks or flames and stored in approved containers. Corrosives require protective equipment and storage away from acids and bases. Toxins should be contained to minimize environmental release, and reactives stored separately from incompatible materials. Proper hazardous material management is important for aviation maintenance technicians who frequently work with dangerous environments and materials.
This document summarizes the key changes to the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) to align it with the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Some of the major changes include revising definitions, adding new definitions, revising criteria for classifying health and physical hazards, requiring new labeling elements, standardizing the format and order of information on safety data sheets, and updating training requirements. The changes are aimed at improving safety by ensuring hazards of all chemicals are evaluated and communicated in a consistent, globally-understandable manner.
The document summarizes OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard 1910.1200. It outlines the purpose and definitions of key terms to ensure chemical hazards are evaluated and communicated. It describes requirements for written hazard programs, labels, safety data sheets, and employee training. It provides details on hazard classification and the changes made to harmonize with the global standard including new definitions, pictograms, and safety data sheet format.
The document discusses changes to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard to align it with the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Key changes include standardized definitions, hazard classification criteria, safety data sheet requirements, and new pictograms and label elements. The goal is to improve chemical safety by ensuring chemical hazards are properly evaluated and communicated to employers and employees through labels, safety data sheets, and training.
The document discusses the 9 classes of hazardous materials (hazmat) according to the UN classification system. It provides details on the general properties and hazards associated with each class. Class 1 covers explosives, Class 2 covers gases, Class 3 covers flammable liquids, Class 4 covers flammable solids, Class 5 covers oxidizing agents, Class 6 covers toxic and infectious substances, Class 7 covers radioactive substances, and Class 8 covers corrosive substances. The document aims to help identify different hazmat classes and understand the hazards posed by substances in each class.
As GHS rules and laws get pumped up in Canada and USA a lot of folks are training including law enforcement agencies, but with training comes confusion for some agencies between the cross over in Dangerous good/HazMat and GHS and why are some in GHS not the exact same in Dangerous Goods! Well read on to find out!
Storage and handling od hazardous materialsDudekula Jamal
This document defines hazardous materials and describes four main types - flammable, corrosive, toxic, and reactive - that are commonly found in aircraft maintenance. It provides guidelines for safely handling and storing each type. Flammables should be kept away from sparks or flames and stored in approved containers. Corrosives require protective equipment and storage away from acids and bases. Toxins should be contained to minimize environmental release, and reactives stored separately from incompatible materials. Proper hazardous material management is important for aviation maintenance technicians who frequently work with dangerous environments and materials.
Here are the answers:
1. blue color (P)
2. melting point (P)
3. density (P)
4. reacts with water (C)
5. flammability (burns) (C)
6. hardness (P)
Fe (Iron) rusts. (C)
A tire is inflated. (P)
Alcohol evaporates (P)
Food is digested. (C)
Ice melts. (P)
Paper towel absorbs water. (P)
Chemical hazards can occur when employees are exposed to chemicals in solid, liquid, or gas form through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. Examples of chemical hazards include vapors, fumes, mists, gases, and liquids from cleaning products, solvents, carbon monoxide, gasoline, and other flammable materials. To prevent chemical hazards, employers should require protective equipment like gloves, masks, eye wear, and clothing for employees who come into contact with harmful chemicals, especially those working in manufacturing or laboratory settings.
Its All about the Hazardous goods and it Emergency action when in Hazardous situation. Its introduction only. Want more info please refer the 'Dangerous-Goods-2015' and Wikipedia please.
This document discusses types and sources of impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). It outlines various types of impurities including organic, inorganic, residual solvents, and genotoxic impurities. Synthesis and formulation related impurities are described that can arise from starting materials, degradation, byproducts, excipients, and processing methods. Special attention is given to genotoxic impurities which are potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic even in low concentrations. Examples are provided of compounds used in synthesis like alkyl halides and epoxides that can lead to genotoxic impurities.
The document provides an overview of surface chemistry concepts including adsorption, types of adsorption (physisorption and chemisorption), factors affecting adsorption, adsorption isotherms, catalysis, colloids, and classification of colloids. It defines key terms and describes processes such as adsorption, mechanisms of adsorption, differences between physisorption and chemisorption, applications of adsorption, types and mechanisms of catalysis, preparation and purification of colloids, and properties of colloidal solutions. The document aims to explain important surface chemistry concepts and phenomena.
Assessment of Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Docking Study of ...ijtsrd
A novel series of 2- arylimino -5- indole-2-yl-methylidene -1,3-thiazolidine-4-onederivatives were synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their analytical and spectroscopic data using IR and 1H-NMR. The novel compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential using carrageenan induced paw edema model and analgesic activity using acetic acid induced abdominal writhing test. Three compounds 4g,4m and 4o alleviated inflammation more than the standard drug Diclofenac Sodium. The synthesized compounds also showed significant analgesic activity. In-silicomoleculardocking studies of the synthesized compounds were done on crystal structure of Cyclooxygenase-2using Glide version 5.0 following the standard procedure recommended by Schrodinger to study their observed activity, which revealed a significant correlation between the binding score and biological activity for these compounds. Maximum Glide score was obtained for compound 4o having a value of -7.42. This compound showed one interaction with the enzyme. Neetu Chopra | Kiranpreet Kaur | Sandeep Kaur "Assessment of Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Docking Study of Novel 2-(Arylimino)-5-(Indole-2-Yl-Methylidene)-1, 3-Thiazolidine-4-one Derivatives" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18822.pdf
Detailed lesson plan chapter 5 chemistry class 12th (CBSE)GunjanAgarwal63
In this unit -5, we aim at discussing briefly three important topics related to surface chemistry, Viz., adsorption, catalysis and colloids including emulsion and gels.
Compressed gases and flammable materials require careful handling and storage to prevent explosions and fires. Oxidizing materials and toxic substances can cause harm through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact and must be properly contained and labeled. Reactive chemicals can undergo vigorous unwanted reactions if mixed incorrectly, producing harmful side effects. The Material Safety Data Sheet for each substance provides important hazard and safety information to ensure safe use and storage in the science lab.
1. Hydrocarbon pollution from sources like petroleum is a serious environmental problem and can be toxic to all living organisms. Crude oil contains a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and heavy metals that are difficult to remediate when co-contaminated.
2. The toxicity of hydrocarbons depends on their chemical properties and exposure levels, and can damage human organ systems and cause diseases. Long term exposure to compounds in crude oil like aromatics and polyaromatics can lead to cancer and nervous system effects.
3. Living organisms can be exposed to more volatile light hydrocarbon fractions through inhalation and ingestion of contaminated air and water, while heavier fractions persist in soils and can be absorbed through skin contact
2014 County of Simcoe WHMIS presentationarmandosimcoe
WHMIS is Canada's national hazard communication standard, which provides information about hazardous materials used in the workplace. It has three main components - training, labels, and material safety data sheets (MSDS). The system classifies hazardous materials into six classes based on the type of hazard, with each class represented by a unique symbol. Employers are responsible for training employees about WHMIS, and employees must understand and follow WHMIS procedures to safely handle hazardous materials and protect themselves and coworkers from harm.
This document discusses various topics related to surface chemistry including adsorption, catalysis, and colloids. It begins by defining surface chemistry and adsorption. Important characteristics of adsorption include it being specific and spontaneous. Factors that affect adsorption are then outlined. The document also discusses desorption, sorption, physisorption and chemisorption. It then covers catalysis, including the adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis. Finally, it defines and compares true solutions, colloids, and suspensions.
This document provides an overview of chemistry unit 2 which covers how matter changes. It discusses the three common states of matter, physical and chemical properties, and how matter undergoes physical and chemical changes. It also addresses mixtures as combinations of substances and how mixtures can be separated. The document defines elements and compounds, and explains the organization of elements in the periodic table. It describes how all compounds obey the laws of definite and multiple proportions.
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds. Organic compounds originate from living organisms, while inorganic compounds do not. There are three main sources of organic compounds: petroleum and coal, plants and animals, and synthetic compounds. Organic compounds contain carbon and are often flammable, while inorganic compounds do not contain or contain very little carbon and are non-flammable. Crude oil is distilled to separate it into fractions like gasoline and kerosene. Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons while alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated. Homologous series are groups of compounds that differ by a CH2 group. Organic compounds are named
The document discusses chemistry and its relationship to other sciences and applications. It covers topics like the fields and branches of chemistry, how chemistry relates to other sciences like biology and physics, and examples of how chemistry contributes to advances in areas like technology and medicine. Key concepts discussed include the definition of chemistry, different types of matter, physical and chemical properties and changes, and states of matter. The document also provides exercises and examples to illustrate these chemistry concepts.
11.si o0002www.iiste.org call for_paper as an efficient and reusable heteroge...Alexander Decker
This document describes a new method for synthesizing 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles using MoO3-SiO2 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. The method involves reacting various substituted benzonitriles with sodium azide in the presence of the MoO3-SiO2 catalyst. The catalyst provides high yields of the tetrazoles under mild reaction conditions. The MoO3-SiO2 catalyst can also be recycled without loss of activity, making the process economical and environmentally friendly.
Si o2 as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 5Alexander Decker
This document describes a new method for synthesizing 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles using MoO3-SiO2 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. The method involves reacting various substituted benzonitriles with sodium azide in the presence of the MoO3-SiO2 catalyst. The catalyst provides high yields of the tetrazoles under mild reaction conditions. The MoO3-SiO2 catalyst can also be recycled and reused for multiple reactions without loss of activity, making the process economical and environmentally friendly.
This document discusses impurities and their sources in organic synthesis. It defines impurities as undesired components that are generated during synthesis and reduce the possibility of crystallization. Impurities are classified as organic, inorganic, or residual solvents. Organic impurities can arise from starting materials, byproducts, intermediates, reagents, ligands, or catalysts. Inorganic impurities can result from reagents, ligands, metals, or other materials used in manufacturing. Residual solvents refer to volatile or non-volatile chemicals that remain in small quantities after concentration. Potential sources of impurities include intentional additions as well as unintended contaminants introduced during preparation or degradation after preparation. Various techniques can be used to remove impurities, such as filtration
In this present work we studied the supramolecular interaction of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexaflurophosphate(HMIm)PF6with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using various physicochemical method and spectroscopic technique. The formation of inclusion complex of any ionic liquid inside the cyclodextrin affects the physicalchemical properties like solubility, conductivity, surface tension, etc. So from the discrepancy of physicochemical andspectral properties we can confirm the formation inclusion complex. The stoichiometry of host - guest of the inclusion complexes was evaluated from conductivity, surface tensionstudy and Job’s plot from UV-visible spectroscopy. We also calculated the association/binding constant from conductivity, surface tension measurements and Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The infra-red (IR) and 1H NMR spectroscopy also affirm the formation of inclusion complexes however the plausible mode of inclusion was described from 1H NMR and 2D ROESY NMR spectroscopies.
Animals come in many shapes and sizes. They live all over the world, from the oceans to forests and plains. Whether furry, feathered, or scaly, all animals must find food and shelter to survive.
Here are the answers:
1. blue color (P)
2. melting point (P)
3. density (P)
4. reacts with water (C)
5. flammability (burns) (C)
6. hardness (P)
Fe (Iron) rusts. (C)
A tire is inflated. (P)
Alcohol evaporates (P)
Food is digested. (C)
Ice melts. (P)
Paper towel absorbs water. (P)
Chemical hazards can occur when employees are exposed to chemicals in solid, liquid, or gas form through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. Examples of chemical hazards include vapors, fumes, mists, gases, and liquids from cleaning products, solvents, carbon monoxide, gasoline, and other flammable materials. To prevent chemical hazards, employers should require protective equipment like gloves, masks, eye wear, and clothing for employees who come into contact with harmful chemicals, especially those working in manufacturing or laboratory settings.
Its All about the Hazardous goods and it Emergency action when in Hazardous situation. Its introduction only. Want more info please refer the 'Dangerous-Goods-2015' and Wikipedia please.
This document discusses types and sources of impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). It outlines various types of impurities including organic, inorganic, residual solvents, and genotoxic impurities. Synthesis and formulation related impurities are described that can arise from starting materials, degradation, byproducts, excipients, and processing methods. Special attention is given to genotoxic impurities which are potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic even in low concentrations. Examples are provided of compounds used in synthesis like alkyl halides and epoxides that can lead to genotoxic impurities.
The document provides an overview of surface chemistry concepts including adsorption, types of adsorption (physisorption and chemisorption), factors affecting adsorption, adsorption isotherms, catalysis, colloids, and classification of colloids. It defines key terms and describes processes such as adsorption, mechanisms of adsorption, differences between physisorption and chemisorption, applications of adsorption, types and mechanisms of catalysis, preparation and purification of colloids, and properties of colloidal solutions. The document aims to explain important surface chemistry concepts and phenomena.
Assessment of Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Docking Study of ...ijtsrd
A novel series of 2- arylimino -5- indole-2-yl-methylidene -1,3-thiazolidine-4-onederivatives were synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their analytical and spectroscopic data using IR and 1H-NMR. The novel compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential using carrageenan induced paw edema model and analgesic activity using acetic acid induced abdominal writhing test. Three compounds 4g,4m and 4o alleviated inflammation more than the standard drug Diclofenac Sodium. The synthesized compounds also showed significant analgesic activity. In-silicomoleculardocking studies of the synthesized compounds were done on crystal structure of Cyclooxygenase-2using Glide version 5.0 following the standard procedure recommended by Schrodinger to study their observed activity, which revealed a significant correlation between the binding score and biological activity for these compounds. Maximum Glide score was obtained for compound 4o having a value of -7.42. This compound showed one interaction with the enzyme. Neetu Chopra | Kiranpreet Kaur | Sandeep Kaur "Assessment of Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Docking Study of Novel 2-(Arylimino)-5-(Indole-2-Yl-Methylidene)-1, 3-Thiazolidine-4-one Derivatives" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18822.pdf
Detailed lesson plan chapter 5 chemistry class 12th (CBSE)GunjanAgarwal63
In this unit -5, we aim at discussing briefly three important topics related to surface chemistry, Viz., adsorption, catalysis and colloids including emulsion and gels.
Compressed gases and flammable materials require careful handling and storage to prevent explosions and fires. Oxidizing materials and toxic substances can cause harm through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact and must be properly contained and labeled. Reactive chemicals can undergo vigorous unwanted reactions if mixed incorrectly, producing harmful side effects. The Material Safety Data Sheet for each substance provides important hazard and safety information to ensure safe use and storage in the science lab.
1. Hydrocarbon pollution from sources like petroleum is a serious environmental problem and can be toxic to all living organisms. Crude oil contains a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and heavy metals that are difficult to remediate when co-contaminated.
2. The toxicity of hydrocarbons depends on their chemical properties and exposure levels, and can damage human organ systems and cause diseases. Long term exposure to compounds in crude oil like aromatics and polyaromatics can lead to cancer and nervous system effects.
3. Living organisms can be exposed to more volatile light hydrocarbon fractions through inhalation and ingestion of contaminated air and water, while heavier fractions persist in soils and can be absorbed through skin contact
2014 County of Simcoe WHMIS presentationarmandosimcoe
WHMIS is Canada's national hazard communication standard, which provides information about hazardous materials used in the workplace. It has three main components - training, labels, and material safety data sheets (MSDS). The system classifies hazardous materials into six classes based on the type of hazard, with each class represented by a unique symbol. Employers are responsible for training employees about WHMIS, and employees must understand and follow WHMIS procedures to safely handle hazardous materials and protect themselves and coworkers from harm.
This document discusses various topics related to surface chemistry including adsorption, catalysis, and colloids. It begins by defining surface chemistry and adsorption. Important characteristics of adsorption include it being specific and spontaneous. Factors that affect adsorption are then outlined. The document also discusses desorption, sorption, physisorption and chemisorption. It then covers catalysis, including the adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis. Finally, it defines and compares true solutions, colloids, and suspensions.
This document provides an overview of chemistry unit 2 which covers how matter changes. It discusses the three common states of matter, physical and chemical properties, and how matter undergoes physical and chemical changes. It also addresses mixtures as combinations of substances and how mixtures can be separated. The document defines elements and compounds, and explains the organization of elements in the periodic table. It describes how all compounds obey the laws of definite and multiple proportions.
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds. Organic compounds originate from living organisms, while inorganic compounds do not. There are three main sources of organic compounds: petroleum and coal, plants and animals, and synthetic compounds. Organic compounds contain carbon and are often flammable, while inorganic compounds do not contain or contain very little carbon and are non-flammable. Crude oil is distilled to separate it into fractions like gasoline and kerosene. Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons while alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated. Homologous series are groups of compounds that differ by a CH2 group. Organic compounds are named
The document discusses chemistry and its relationship to other sciences and applications. It covers topics like the fields and branches of chemistry, how chemistry relates to other sciences like biology and physics, and examples of how chemistry contributes to advances in areas like technology and medicine. Key concepts discussed include the definition of chemistry, different types of matter, physical and chemical properties and changes, and states of matter. The document also provides exercises and examples to illustrate these chemistry concepts.
11.si o0002www.iiste.org call for_paper as an efficient and reusable heteroge...Alexander Decker
This document describes a new method for synthesizing 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles using MoO3-SiO2 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. The method involves reacting various substituted benzonitriles with sodium azide in the presence of the MoO3-SiO2 catalyst. The catalyst provides high yields of the tetrazoles under mild reaction conditions. The MoO3-SiO2 catalyst can also be recycled without loss of activity, making the process economical and environmentally friendly.
Si o2 as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 5Alexander Decker
This document describes a new method for synthesizing 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles using MoO3-SiO2 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. The method involves reacting various substituted benzonitriles with sodium azide in the presence of the MoO3-SiO2 catalyst. The catalyst provides high yields of the tetrazoles under mild reaction conditions. The MoO3-SiO2 catalyst can also be recycled and reused for multiple reactions without loss of activity, making the process economical and environmentally friendly.
This document discusses impurities and their sources in organic synthesis. It defines impurities as undesired components that are generated during synthesis and reduce the possibility of crystallization. Impurities are classified as organic, inorganic, or residual solvents. Organic impurities can arise from starting materials, byproducts, intermediates, reagents, ligands, or catalysts. Inorganic impurities can result from reagents, ligands, metals, or other materials used in manufacturing. Residual solvents refer to volatile or non-volatile chemicals that remain in small quantities after concentration. Potential sources of impurities include intentional additions as well as unintended contaminants introduced during preparation or degradation after preparation. Various techniques can be used to remove impurities, such as filtration
In this present work we studied the supramolecular interaction of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexaflurophosphate(HMIm)PF6with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using various physicochemical method and spectroscopic technique. The formation of inclusion complex of any ionic liquid inside the cyclodextrin affects the physicalchemical properties like solubility, conductivity, surface tension, etc. So from the discrepancy of physicochemical andspectral properties we can confirm the formation inclusion complex. The stoichiometry of host - guest of the inclusion complexes was evaluated from conductivity, surface tensionstudy and Job’s plot from UV-visible spectroscopy. We also calculated the association/binding constant from conductivity, surface tension measurements and Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The infra-red (IR) and 1H NMR spectroscopy also affirm the formation of inclusion complexes however the plausible mode of inclusion was described from 1H NMR and 2D ROESY NMR spectroscopies.
Animals come in many shapes and sizes. They live all over the world, from the oceans to forests and plains. Whether furry, feathered, or scaly, all animals must find food and shelter to survive.
Кто такой digital-продюсер и что он делает?Sasha Kulam
В Red Keds есть продюсеры, которые занимаются управлением проектами. Для многих людей это единственная магическая информация, которой они обладают в отношении отдела продюсирования.
Что же на самом делают продюсеры и как они встраиваются в общие процессы агентства?
Вот краткий лайнап:
— Общий процесс разработки проекта в сферическом вакууме.
— Почему "продюсер" и чем он отличается от аккаунт-менеджера?
— Что продюсеры делают сами, а что с помощью других людей?
— С кем работают продюсеры внутри и снаружи?
— В чем "соль" продюсирования?
— Что делает продюсер после завершения разработки проекта / завершения кампании?
The document discusses play and its importance for child development. It outlines different types of play including social affective play, play with objects, language, skills, motion, nature, and social materials. It describes the physical, intellectual, moral, creative, therapeutic, and socialization values of play. Parten's stages of play are explained including unoccupied, onlooker, solitary, parallel, associative, and cooperative play. Other types of play that contribute to maturity are also outlined such as dramatic, competitive, physical, constructive, and medical play. The characteristics and purposes of medical play are then defined.
The document discusses lesson planning, defining it as a teaching tool that helps teachers decide what, why, when and how to teach. It outlines the key components of an effective lesson plan, including learning objectives, instructional strategies, assessment, and materials. The document also presents the 5Es model for lesson planning and emphasizes the importance of planning for effective teaching and productive use of instructional time.
This document provides information on the classification of dangerous goods for an internal safety training. It defines dangerous goods and outlines their nine main classes based on the Globally Harmonized System, including explosives, gases, flammable liquids and solids, oxidizing agents, toxins, radioactive substances, corrosives, and miscellaneous hazardous items. Each class is further divided into subclasses based on specific chemical hazards. The document provides details on the various subclasses and examples of dangerous goods that fall within each one.
The Hazard Communication standard establishes requirements to ensure information about chemical hazards is provided to employers and employees. It was originally ordered by Congress in 1985 and updated in 2012 to align with the Global Harmonization System. The standard covers definitions, hazard classification, written hazard communication programs, labeling, safety data sheets, and employee training requirements. It aims to ensure hazards of chemicals are evaluated and hazard information is transmitted to protect worker safety.
Where worker knowledge in ghs and tdg crosses over into worker safety underst...Terry Penney
GHS and the NEW practices are here to stay stop whining and they have certain BOLD and frontline features that cross over into Dangerous Goods/Hazmat so do you the worker know what they are?
The slides gives you brief description of hazard labels of chemicals. i hope the information provided in the slides would be helpful. for further details contact
mail id - sobhigaba@gmail.com
The document discusses hazard identification, classification, and control in industrial safety analysis. It begins by explaining the UN hazard identification system and how hazards are classified based on their properties, such as explosives, flammable materials, oxidizing substances, and corrosives. The contents of a safety data sheet are then outlined, including identification information, health and physical hazard data, exposure controls, and more. Methods for controlling hazards are described, such as engineering controls, administrative measures, and personal protective equipment. PPE is explained as equipment like gloves, glasses, and coveralls that are worn to minimize exposure to workplace hazards.
This document provides information on hazardous substances and dangerous goods. It defines hazardous substances as those that can adversely affect health following worker exposure, such as poisons, corrosives, and carcinogens. Dangerous goods are substances that present an immediate hazard due to their physical or chemical properties, including explosives, flammables, and toxics. The document outlines criteria for classifying dangerous goods and provides examples of classes like gases, flammable liquids, and oxidizing agents. It also discusses safe handling, storage, and transportation of hazardous and dangerous materials.
The document discusses the 9 classes of hazardous materials (hazmat) according to the UN classification system. It provides details on the general properties and hazards associated with each class. Class 1 covers explosives, Class 2 covers gases, Class 3 covers flammable liquids, Class 4 covers flammable solids, Class 5 covers oxidizing agents, Class 6 covers toxic and infectious substances, Class 7 covers radioactive substances, Class 8 covers corrosive substances, and Class 9 covers miscellaneous hazmat. Understanding the hazards of each class helps emergency responders take appropriate protective measures during a hazmat incident.
This document provides information on understanding chemical hazards and risk assessment. It discusses OSHA laboratory regulations and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Key points include:
- OSHA regulations require hazard communication programs, training on hazardous chemicals, and a written chemical hygiene plan for laboratories.
- GHS provides a standardized approach to classifying chemicals according to their physical, health and environmental hazards, and communicating hazard information on labels and safety data sheets.
- Hazards are intrinsic properties of chemicals while risk depends on likelihood, exposure level, and severity of consequences. Risk can be reduced through proper controls.
- GHS specifies pictograms, signal words, hazard
This document provides definitions and guidelines for the safe handling of hazardous chemicals. It defines key terms like CAS number, UN number, and hazardous waste ID number. It describes classifications for flammable, toxic, explosive and reactive chemicals. The NFPA diamond system for identifying hazards is explained. Guidelines are provided for the safe storage of chemicals in tanks, drums and cylinders. Specific dos and don'ts are listed for transferring, handling and disposing of chemicals.
This document provides an introduction to classifying chemicals according to their hazards. It discusses the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), which provides a common approach to classifying chemicals and communicating hazard information. The GHS system classifies chemicals according to their physical, health, and environmental hazards. It then provides standardized pictograms, signal words, and hazard statements to communicate these hazards on labels and Safety Data Sheets. The goal of the GHS is to harmonize chemical classification and hazard communication globally in order to better protect human health and the environment.
This document provides an overview of chemical handling safety and outlines a training course on the topic. The 9-module course covers chemical definitions, hazards, properties, labeling, storage, transfer, personal protective equipment, spill response, and practical demonstrations. It emphasizes lowering lifetime workplace exposure to chemicals by training employees. Key topics include toxicology concepts, states of matter, airborne contaminants, chemical storage requirements, flammable and combustible liquid classifications, and safe handling practices for corrosive, flammable and highly toxic chemicals.
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (CLASS)Jau Robert
A common & coherent (consistent) approach to
defining & classifying hazards, & a system to
ensure consistent world-wide hazard
communication through uniform hazard
information on labels & safety data sheets
FROM NOW I WILL HAVE 2 DISCUSSION EVERY WEEK FOR EACH CLASS AND I .docxhanneloremccaffery
FROM NOW I WILL HAVE 2 DISCUSSION EVERY WEEK FOR EACH CLASS AND I NEED YOUR HELP PLEASE.. THANKS
DISCUSSION Class # 1 / 499
=====================================================================
Week 2 Discussion 1
"Union Pacific Corporation" Please respond to the following:
· Perform an analysis of the social / demographic, technological, economic, environmental / geographic, and political/legal / governmental segments to understand the general environment facing Union Pacific.
· Describe how Union Pacific will be affected by each of these external factors.
Week 2 Discussion 2
"Five Forces of Competition Model" Please respond to the following:
From the e-Activity, analyze the industry you selected using the Five Forces of Competition Model to determine the impact of each of the five forces.
· • Threat of New Entrants
· • Threat of Substitute Products
· • Bargaining Power of Buyers (Customers)
· • Bargaining Power of Suppliers
· • Rivalry Among Competing Firms in an industry
·
Based on your analysis, determine if the industry is attractive or unattractive. Explain your rationale.
===============================================================
DISCUSSION Class # 2 / 409
Week 2 Discussion 1
"Compensation Tactics" Please respond to the following:
· From the e-Activity, determine how the law you researched influences compensation strategies for all companies directly affected by the law in your state. Provide specific examples to support your response.
· Some people say that unions make it more difficult for companies to attain competitive advantage. Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement.
Do Unions Raise Wages? Martocchio_sc7inppt_02.pptx
Week 2 Discussion 2
"Discretionary Employee Benefits" Please respond to the following:
· Analyze the various codes and acts regarding discretionary employee benefits discussed in Chapter 2 and determine which code or law has had the greatest impact on the largest number of organizations. Explain your rationale.
· Building on the same analysis, determine the most likely issue regarding discretionary employee benefits and a likely law that would address the issue. Provide specific examples to support your response.
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Introduction
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas that naturally occurs in hot springs, crude petroleum, and even natural gas. This gas is usually produced by the breakdown of organic materials commonly found in wastes of human and animals by bacteria. Some of the activities that commonly result to the production of hydrogen sulfide gas include treatment of wastewater, drilling and even refining of petroleum or natural gas (Occupational Safety and Health Administration).
Aside from being in a form of gas, hydrogen sulfide may also exist as a gas, which is compressed to become a liquid. It is commonly found in places which ...
The document provides information on chemical safety. It discusses the basic rules of chemical safety such as reading material safety data sheets (MSDS) before using chemicals and properly storing, handling, and disposing of chemicals. It also covers hazards associated with different types of chemicals including solids, liquids, gases, corrosive materials, and compressed gas cylinders. Specific chemicals like chlorine are discussed as well as key terms related to chemical properties and safety.
Industrial toxicology deals with the toxic properties of substances that people are exposed to in occupational and non-occupational settings. Toxicity is the study of how the body responds to toxic substances. Toxic effects can be acute or chronic and result from inhalation, ingestion, skin/eye contact, or other routes of exposure. Setting workplace standards involves understanding chemical toxicity through methods like chemical analogy, animal experimentation, and establishing exposure limits based on a substance's toxic properties.
ChemTox Chemical Research Paper Requirements SFTY 4213.docxchristinemaritza
Chem/Tox
Chemical Research Paper Requirements
SFTY 4213/5213 crn 37012/37013
Block 2, summer 2016
Term Paper Requirements (100 points)
The student will write a research paper on a chemical, or group of
chemicals, that present toxicity to humans. The subject chemical must be
approved by the professor before research can begin.
The paper must include discussions regarding the specific chemical’s
chemical name, physical properties, common uses, exposure limits,
toxicokinetics, acute effects including target organs, chronic effects
including target organs, and protocols for industrial hygiene sampling and
sample analysis.
The term paper must follow APA formatting and style guidelines, and shall
consist of a cover page, table of contents, abstract or executive summary,
body of the paper (not less than 5-7 pages), and a reference list at the end
of the paper. You must cite your sources using Purdue OWL in APA. The
paper must be typed using Arial 12 point. In addition, the term paper must
include:
a. what the chemical is or was used for
b. why is this chemical on the Substance Priority List (SPL)
c. what are the human health, toxicity, and exposure concerns
d. site specific examples that put this chemical on the SPL
e. list and discuss at least one documented case (court
case,EPA,CERCLA, etc.) where this chemical(s) were used
and what happened. Also include: a clearly defined
statement of the situation, an analysis of the risks involved,
and solution(s) to the problem
Structure, presentation, and grammatical accuracy will be considered in
the grading. The term paper is due on or before July 28
th
and must be
submitted through the appropriate drop box. Late papers will not be
accepted.
Darwish 6
Table of Contents
About the Author……………………………………………………………….....2
Introduction……………………………………………………………………......3
H2S Properties……………………………………………………………………..4
Common Use………………………………………………………………………5
Exposure and Health effects…………………………………………………….…6
Government Regulation………………………………………………………...….8
Control Method…………………………………………………………………….9
Case Study………………………………………………………………………….9
Conclusion..……………………………………………………………………….10
Recommendation……………………………………………………………….....10
Work cite……………………………………………………………………...…..11
Appendix……………………………………………………………………...…..12
Introduction
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas that naturally occurs in hot springs, crude petroleum, and even natural gas. This gas is usually produced by the breakdown of organic materials commonly found in wastes of human and animals by bacteria. Some of the activities that commonly result to the production of hydrogen sulfide gas include treatment of wastewater, drilling and even refining of petroleum or natural gas (Occupational Safety and Health Administration).
Aside from being in a form of gas, hydrogen sulfide may also exist as a gas, which is compressed to become a liquid. It is commonly found in places which are enclosed and hav ...
Chemicals can improve quality of life but also pose threats if misused. Proper handling and storage of chemicals is important to prevent accidents and protect health and the environment. A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides key information on hazardous chemicals, including properties, hazards, safe handling procedures, and emergency response measures. It is important to read the MSDS to understand the risks and safety precautions for any chemicals in use.
solid and Hazarduos waste managment 2.pdfdesalegn26
The document discusses hazardous waste, including its definition, categories, characteristics, and sources. It defines hazardous waste as materials that are dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment. Hazardous wastes are categorized as characteristic wastes (exhibiting ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) or listed wastes from specific industrial sources. The document provides details on evaluation criteria and examples for different types of hazardous wastes.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
lesson
1. Name: Rej Erika Jane C. Fenol
Score:
Yr & Sec.: BSMT1-3
Date: November 21, 2013
ACTIVITY NO.1
1.
List of main pictograms and give its signal words and meaning.
Physical hazards pictograms
Usage
Unstable explosives
Explosives, divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
Self-reactive substances and mixtures, types A, B
Organic peroxides, types A, B
Explosive
Usage
Flammable gases, category 1
Flammable aerosols, categories 1, 2
Flammable liquids, categories 1, 2, 3
Flammable solids, categories 1, 2
Self-reactive substances and mixtures, types B, C, D, E, F
Pyrophoric liquids, category 1
Pyrophoric solids, category 1
Flammable
Self-heating substances and mixtures, categories 1, 2
Substances and mixtures, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases,
categories 1, 2, 3
Organic peroxides, types B, C, D, E, F
3. Usage
Explosives, divisions 1.5, 1.6
Flammable gases, category 2
Self-reactive substances and mixtures, type G
no pictogram required
Organic peroxides, type G
Health hazards pictograms
Usage
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), categories 1, 2, 3
Toxic
Usage
Skin corrosion, categories 1A, 1B, 1C
Serious eye damage, category 1
Corrosive
4. Usage
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), category 4
Skin irritation, categories 2, 3
Eye irritation, category 2A
Skin sensitization, category 1
Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure, category 3
Respiratory tract irritation
Narcotic effects
Not used
Irritant
with the "skull and crossbones" pictogram
for skin or eye irritation if:
the "corrosion" pictogram also appears
the "health hazard" pictogram is used to indicate respiratory sensitization
Usage
Respiratory sensitization, category 1
Germ cell mutagenicity, categories 1A, 1B, 2
Carcinogenicity, categories 1A, 1B, 2
Reproductive toxicity, categories 1A, 1B, 2
Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure, categories 1, 2
Health hazard
Specific target organ toxicity following repeated exposure, categories 1, 2
Aspiration hazard, categories 1, 2
Usage
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), category 5
5. Eye irritation, category 2B
no pictogram required
Reproductive toxicity – effects on or via lactation
Environment hazard pictograms
Usage
Acute hazards to the aquatic environment, category 1
Chronic hazards to the aquatic environment, categories 1, 2
Environmentally Damaging
Usage
Acute hazards to the aquatic environment, categories 2, 3
Chronic hazards to the aquatic environment, categories 3, 4
1.
What is the meaning of GHS?
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals or GHS is
an internationally agreed-upon system, created by the United Nations. It is designed to replace
the various classification and labeling standards used in different countries by using consistent
criteria for classification and labeling on a global level. Its development began at the United
Nations Rio Conference in 1992, when the International Labour Organization (ILO),
the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), various governments
and other stakeholders met at a United Nations conference. It supersedes the relevant European
Union (which has now implemented the United Nations' GHS into EU law as the CLP
Regulation) and United States standards.
6. 2.
Give the classification criteria for substances and mixture on physical, health and environment hazards.
Physical hazards
Explosives, which are assigned to one of six subcategories depending on the type of hazard they present, as
used in the UN Dangerous Goods System.
A Flammable Gas is one that has a flammable range in air at 20 °C and a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa.
Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are assigned to one of two hazard categories on the basis of the
outcome of the test or calculation method.
Flammable Aerosols should be considered for classification as Category 1 or Category 2 if they contain any
component, which is classified as flammable according to the GHS criteria, that is, flammable liquids, flammable
gases or flammable solids.
Oxidizing Gases are any gas that may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of
other material more than air does. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are assigned to a single hazard
category on the basis that, generally by providing oxygen, they cause or contribute to the combustion of other
material more than air does.
Gases Under Pressure are gases contained in a receptacle at a pressure not less than 280 Pa at 20 °C or as a
refrigerated liquid. This endpoint covers four types of gases or gaseous mixtures to address the effects of sudden
release of pressure or freezing which may lead to serious damage to people, property, or the environment
independent of other hazards the gases may pose.
A Flammable Liquid is a liquid with a flash point of not more than 93 °C. Substances and mixtures of this
hazard class are assigned to one of four hazard categories on the basis of the flash point and boiling point.
A Flammable Solid is one that is readily combustible or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.
Readily combustible solids are powdered, granular, or pasty substances which are dangerous if they can be easily
ignited by brief contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match, and if the flame spreads rapidly.
7. Self-Reactive
Substances are
thermally
unstable
liquids
or
solids
liable
to
undergo
a
strongly exothermic thermal decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air). This definition excludes
materials classified under the GHS as explosive, organic peroxides or as oxidizing.
A Pyrophoric Liquid is a liquid that, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after
coming into contact with air. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are assigned to a single hazard
category on the basis of the outcome of the UN Test N.3.
A Pyrophoric Solid is a solid that, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming
into contact with air. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are assigned to a single hazard category on the
basis of the outcome of the UN Test N.2.
Self-Heating Substances are solids or liquids, other than a pyrophoric substance, which, by reaction with air
and without energy supply, is liable to self-heat. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are assigned to one
of two hazard categories on the basis of the outcome of the UN Test N.4.
Substances which on Contact with Water Emit Flammable Gases are substances that, in contact with
water, emit flammable gases; or, are solids or liquids which, by interaction with water, are liable to become
spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable gases in dangerous quantities. Substances and mixtures of this
hazard class are assigned to one of three hazard categories on the basis of the outcome of UN Test N.5, which
measures gas evolution and speed of evolution.
Oxidizing Liquids are liquids that, while in itself is not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding
oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are
assigned to one of three hazard categories on the basis of the outcome of UN Test O.2.
Oxidizing Solids are solids that, while itself is not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen,
cause or contribute to the combustion of other material. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are
assigned to one of three hazard categories on the basis of the outcome of UN Test O.1.
Organic Peroxides are organic liquids or solids that contain the bivalent -0-0- structure and may be
considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced
by organic radicals. The term also includes organic peroxide formulations (mixtures). Substances and mixtures
8. of this hazard class are assigned to one of seven 'Types', A to G, on the basis of the outcome of the UN Test Series
A to H.
Substances Corrosive to Metal are substances or a mixtures that by chemical action will materially damage,
or even destroy metals. These substances or mixtures are classified in a single hazard category on the basis of
tests (Steel: ISO 9328 (II): 1991 - Steel type P235; Aluminum: ASTM G31-72 (1990) - non-clad types 7075-T6 or
AZ5GU-T66). The GHS criteria are a corrosion rate on steel or aluminum surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm per year at
a test temperature of 55 °C.
Health hazards
Acute Toxicity includes five GHS categories from which the appropriate elements relevant to transport,
consumer, worker and environment protection can be selected. Substances are assigned to one of the
five toxicity categories on the basis of LD50 (oral, dermal) or LC50 (inhalation).
Skin Corrosion means the production of irreversible damage to the skin following the application of a test
substance for up to 4 hours. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to a single harmonized
corrosion category.
Skin Irritation means the production of reversible damage to the skin following the application of a test
substance for up to 4 hours. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to a
single irritant category. For those authorities, such as pesticide regulators, wanting more than one designation
for skin irritation, an additional mild irritant category is provided.
Serious Eye Damage means the production of tissue damage in the eye, or serious physical decay of vision,
following application of a test substance to the front surface of the eye, which is not fully reversible within 21
days of application. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to a single harmonized category.
Eye Irritation means changes in the eye following the application of a test substance to the front surface of the
eye, which are fully reversible within 21 days of application. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are
assigned to a single harmonized hazard category. For authorities, such as pesticide regulators, wanting more
9. than one designation for eye irritation, one of two subcategories can be selected, depending on whether the
effects are reversible in 21 or 7 days.
Respiratory Sensitizer means a substance that induces hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of
the substance. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to one hazard category.
Skin Sensitizer means a substance that will induce an allergic response following skin contact. The definition
for "skin sensitizer" is equivalent to "contact sensitizer". Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are
assigned to one hazard category.
Germ Cell Mutagenicity means an agent giving rise to an increased occurrence of mutations in populations of
cells and/or organisms. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to one of two hazard
categories. Category 1 has two subcategories.
Carcinogenicity means a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances that induce cancer or
increase its incidence. Substances and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to one of two hazard categories.
Category 1 has two subcategories.
Reproductive Toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as
well as developmental toxicity in offspring. Substances and mixtures with reproductive and/or developmental
effects are assigned to one of two hazard categories, 'known or presumed' and 'suspected'. Category 1 has two
subcategories for reproductive and developmental effects. Materials, which cause concern for the health of
breastfed children, have a separate category, Effects on or Via Lactation.
Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT) category distinguishes between single and repeated exposure
for Target Organ Effects. All significant health effects, not otherwise specifically included in the GHS, that can
impair function, both reversible and irreversible, immediate and/or delayed are included in the non-lethal target
organ/systemic toxicity class (TOST). Narcotic effects and respiratory tract irritation are considered to be target
organ systemic effects following a single exposure. Substances and mixtures of the single exposure target organ
toxicity hazard class are assigned to one of three hazard categories. Substances and mixtures of the repeated
exposure target organ toxicity hazard class are assigned to one of two hazard categories.
10. Aspiration Hazard includes severe acute effects such as chemical pneumonia, varying degrees of pulmonary
injury or death following aspiration. Aspiration is the entry of a liquid or solid directly through the oral or nasal
cavity, or indirectly from vomiting, into the trachea and lower respiratory system. Substances and mixtures of
this hazard class are assigned to one of two hazard categories this hazard class on the basis of viscosity.
Environmental hazards
Acute Aquatic Toxicity means the intrinsic property of a material to cause injury to an aquatic organism in a
short-term exposure. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are assigned to one of three toxicity categories
on the basis of acute toxicity data: LC50 (fish) or EC50 (crustacean) or ErC50 (for algae or other aquatic plants). In
some regulatory systems these acute toxicity categories may be subdivided or extended for certain sectors.
Chronic Aquatic Toxicity means the potential or actual properties of a material to cause adverse effects to
aquatic organisms during exposures that are determined in relation to the lifecycle of the organism. Substances
and mixtures in this hazard class are assigned to one of four toxicity categories on the basis of acute data and
environmental fate data: LC50 (fish) or EC50 (crustacea) or ErC50 (for algae or other aquatic plants)
and degradation or bioaccumulation.
Classification of mixtures
The GHS approach to the classification of mixtures for health and environmental hazards is also complex. It uses a
tiered approach and is dependent upon the amount of information available for the mixture itself and for its
components. Principles that have been developed for the classification of mixtures, drawing on existing systems such
as the European Union (EU) system for classification of preparations laid down in Directive 1999/45/EC. The process
for the classification of mixtures is based on the following steps:
1.
Where toxicological or ecotoxicological test data are available for the mixture itself, the classification of the
mixture will be based on that data;
11. 2. Where test data are not available for the mixture itself, then the appropriate bridging principles should be
applied, which uses test data for components and/or similar mixtures;
3. If (1) test data are not available for the mixture itself, and (2) the bridging principles cannot be applied, then
use the calculation or cutoff values described in the specific endpoint to classify the mixture.