Muuckrakers-Muckraker Case Analysis

Muuckrakers-Muckraker Case Analysis
TERMS 1. Plessy v. Ferguson– In the 1892 case of Plessy v Ferguson, Separate Car Act was
challenged when Homer Plessy of mixed race sat in a railcar designated for white passengers.
Louisiana's Separate Car Act of 1890 required railroads to designate cars for both black and white
passengers. Plessy was arrested for refusing to move to a car designated for blacks and charged in
violation of this act. District Judge John Ferguson ruled the Separate Car Act was unconstitutional.
2. Pendleton Civil Service Act–Required applicants to take exams when applying for certain
government jobs, employees were selected based on qualifications, as opposed to the previous
Spoils System in which employees were appointed in relation with their political party affiliation.
This act intended to reduce corruption in the federal government was proposed by Ohio senator
George Pendleton and signed by President Chester Arthur in 1883. 3. Muckrakers–Muckraker was a
term coined by President Theodore Roosevelt, given to pro–reform journalist who authored articles
which exposed corruption in corporations and government. Among, the journalist were Lincoln
Steffens, Upton Sinclair, and Ida Tarbell. The publication of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair alleged
Chicago's meatpacking industry of grinding up rats and feces with their meat and using chemicals to
cover the odor of spoiled products sold to consumers. Shortly after the publication of The Jungle,
The Pure Food Act was passed by Congress. 4. Margret Sanger– Women's rights activist, born in
New York in 1879 one of eleven children, was a nurse who advocated for contraception. Sanger
believed the number of pregnancies had contributed to her mother's declining health and eventual
early death. A member of the Socialist party Sanger published The Woman Rebel, which provided
education and promoted "birth control". In 1914 she was accused of violating the Comstock Act,
which prohibited the circulation of "obscene material", rather than facing prison Sanger fled to
England returning to the United States later in 1915 after charges had been dismissed. Upon her
return she continued to advocate for contraception, establishing The Birth Control League in 1921,
and opened the first birth control
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John Scopes Inherit The Wind
Inherit the Wind Rough Draft The Play Inherit the Wind is very similar to many different events in
history, such as the Scopes trial, or even the McCarthy trials. In the famous Scopes trial or "Monkey
trial," John Scopes was caught teaching evolution to his biology students. Not long before the trial,
Darwin's Theory of Evolution had been published. Darwin's novel contained a newly formed idea
that man was created from gradual evolution. The idea caused an outrage from several Christian
religious groups, because it went against the book of Genesis in the Bible. This discontent grew so
much that the state of Tennessee passed a law on evolution. This law prohibited the teaching of
evolution, with a $500 dollar fine per violation. The Scopes trial led the most famous lawyers of the
time to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To break this law was a minor offense, but it would shake America. Scopes lost the trial, but he
showcased a point to the world. The play writers used the Scopes trial to warn of the McCarthy
trails, which were happening when it was written. He argued that he had the freedom of speech to
teach what he wanted. This is very similar to Inherit the Wind in which Bertram Cates, also
intentionally breaks the laws because he believes that he should be able to teach what he wants. In
the play, the prosecutor, Mathew Harrison Brady, is a very religious man who believes very strongly
in the Bible. He is a priest and basks in popularity and adoration. He is very similar to the prosecutor
in the Scopes trial, who is also a religious and popular man. Through the play Inherit the Wind,
Mathew Harrison Brady held onto the old ways too tightly, he built his beliefs and life around love
and adoration from others, and when that was taken

John Scopes Monkey Trial Analysis
The Scopes Trial was one of the most famous court cases ever. The case lasted from the 10–21 of
July in 1925. This means that there were eight trial days. This case all started when John Scopes was
accused of teaching evolution in school. In "Monkey Trial begins" by the History channel stated,
"...accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law.
The law, which had been passed in March, made it a misdemeanor punishable by fine to 'teach any
theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead
that man has descended from a lower order of animals."' "Nearly a thousand people, 300 of whom
were standing, jammed the Rhea County Courthouse on July 10, 1925 for the first day of ... Show
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This announcement stated that they would offer their service to anyone who would like to go against
the newly passed Butler Law. Rappalye saw this as an opportunity to put Dayton on the map. This
plan did put Dayton on the map just like Rappalye hoped it would. He lured John Scopes a young
science teacher to the drugstore. There he convinced Scopes to teach evolution in the classroom.
From here the trial eventually began and became one of history's most famous court cases ever.
When the trial began on the 10th of July spectators and reporters were quick on the scene. The
Streets of Dayton, Tennessee had a carnival like atmosphere. It lasted for seven more historic days.
People were selling all sorts of things to flame the fire of the court case.
Each day started out with a prayer by different people. On day one the jury was chosen; it consisted
mostly of churchgoers.
According to State v. John Scopes ("The Monkey Trial")by Douglas O. Linder stated, "The defense's
goal was not to win acquittal for John Scopes, but rather to obtain a declaration by a higher court–
preferably the U.S. Supreme Court–that laws forbidding the teaching of evolution were
unconstitutional.." The defense team was hoping that no one was realizing what they were

John Scopes Background
On March 22, 1925 Tennessee passed the Butler Act. Making it unlawful in public schools to teach
any theory that denies the story of divine creation as taught by the Bible. But to teach instead that
man was descended from a lower order of animals. It was in the small town of Dayton, Tennessee
where a 24 year old fresh out of college , high school substitute named John Scopes taught the
theory of evolution to a biology class. This was just two months after the passing of the Butler Act.
John Scopes was then charged with teaching evolution in public school. The proceeding trial will
not only become a battle between science and religion but it will bring together two of the most
prominent attorneys of the early 20th century. Clarence Darrow and

Charles Darwin's Theory Of Evolution
In January of 1925, the State of Tennessee passed a law called The Butler Bill that "prohibited any
teacher within the State of Tennessee to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation
of man and that man descended from a lower order of animals."1 Fundamentalism was the basis of
The Butler Bill. Fundamentalism is the belief in the literal interpretation of religious texts. In June, a
Tennessee high school substitute teacher named John Scopes was accused of teaching Charles
Darwin 's theory of evolution to students. The theory of evolution was a hypothesis that species
survived through "natural selection", meaning the adaption of species evolving to better themselves
to a changing and threatening environment and that man evolved from apes. His theory that Scopes
taught was completely against the Butler law. Even though Scopes' teaching of evolution violated
the Butler Law, he should have had the right to teach Darwin 's theory because religion should not
have had any involvement with the education system.
The Scope Monkey Trial July 10, 1925, the trial of John Scopes began. The case attracted a lot of
attention that it broadcasted throughout the United States via radio. In Scopes defense, The
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), together with Clarence Darrow, a famous attorney from
Chicago, came to Scopes' defense for the trial. . For the prosecution, Tennessee acquired the
attention of William Jennings Bryan, a three–time Democratic presidential

Science And Religion : The School And Education System
Science and religion continue and will continue to express opposition to each other. People have
been trying to disprove one or the other for decades and when one teacher from Tennessee decides
to teach the history of human life, it is not well received. In March 1925 a law is passed in
Tennessee named the "Butler Act," which prohibited teachers from teaching about evolution in any
state funded school. John Scopes, a teacher in the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, taught a lesson
to his students about evolution months after the state passed the Butler Act. Although the Scopes
Trial provided a precedent for the clash of traditionalistic and modernistic thinking it created a
paradigm shift in the traditional structure of the school and education system. In the early 1920s
most students did not attend school. Particularly in the southern United States schools were few and
far between and authorities did not check on students attending school (Chapter One). As the
century turned so did the change in student attendance laws. Tennessee followed the trend
throughout the United States and saw high school attendance jump 40,000 students in 15 years.
Scopes introduced the topic of evolution in his classroom as a personal choice, clashing with all
previously held traditionalistic notions held by any third party such as the Butler Act.
A quote from Summer for the Gods shows how rooted the argument became, "First, Darwinism did
not become fighting matter for many fundamentalists until

John T Scopes Essay
"I feel that I have been convicted of violating an unjust statute. I will continue in the future, as I
have in the past, to oppose this law in any way I can. Any other action would be in violation of my
ideal of academic freedom–that is, to teach the truth as guaranteed in our Constitution of personal
and religious freedom. I think the fine is unjust." John T. Scopes. The state of Tennessee had beaten
the defendant and had shown that they, no matter how good a trial, will not be bested when it came
to the Butler Act. Scopes should've won the trial, except some limiting factors that made it virtually
impossible for him to win was towards the end of the trial when all of his key witnesses had been
struck from the record and could not be used to influence the final verdict, by the time the trial had
started he already had a target on his back and he had already lost in the eyes of the country and how
they treated the case as a publicity stunt and not the importance they needed to. This changed the
view of people and the school's. This was a monumental point in the American educational system
because this is the first time someone ever really questioned the theory of Christianity and the first
time someone actually took it to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was stated that Scopes didn't deliberately teach the theory of Evolution, but the classroom
assigned book by the state featured a chapter on it(Armstrong). The whole trial proved that the judge
treated everything with extreme bias, from allowing a prayer before each day to making it nearly
impossible for Darrow to get a good argument that would be allowed to stay in the records(Noah).
When Scopes was asked what point in time that he taught Evolution he said that he didn't remember
if he did at all because it wasn't in his lesson plans(Noah). This case was held with the most
disrespect a judge or state could give a

Inherit The Wind: Tennessee Vs. John Scopes
"Transformation means to me. _reassessing and the taking action on redefining and remolding me to
the best of my ability."~Linda Hinds–Alexander. If you haven't already figured out, this essay is
about transforming materials. In 1925 there was a trial held about evolution: Tennessee vs. John
Scopes. The trial was about a school teacher who taught about evolution to his class. Inherit the
Wind was a play transformed by Lawrence and Lee. It was their take on the Scopes trail. The
authors of Inherit the Wind transformed the trial to make the plot more interesting and also maybe
easier for some to understand. In the exposition of the story it gives a little background information
like the people there, the setting, and just to add to the plot. ... Show more content on
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In the play it is when Drummond questions Brady. In the trial it is when Darrow questions Bryan.
They question them because apparently he is a bible expert. Darrow asked this"You claim that
everything in the Bible should be literally interpreted?"Bryan replied with this, "I believe everything
in the Bible should be accepted as it is given there: some of the Bible is given illustratively. For
instance: "Ye are the salt of the earth." I would not insist that man was actually salt, or that he had
flesh of salt, but it is used in the sense of salt as saving God's people." (Tennessee vs. John Scopes,
1925) I believe in the book that Brady said that it should all be taken literal. By the end of the
climax Bryan/Brady knew that Darrow/Drummond had just made them seem like a fool. Just some
one who believes in the bible and nothing else. The resolution in the Scopes trial was just the jury
finding John Scopes guilty, but only had to pay a small fine of $100. This also happened in the book
but it went on to have Brady die. The judge walks in and says "Brady's dead." Then a journalist
says, "Matthew Harrison Brady died of a busted belly,"(Lawrence and Lee, 1955 pg 59). They had
to make the story have a interesting story somehow and that's how they chose to end it. The authors
of Inherit the Wind did a fantastic job transforming Tennessee vs. John Scopes. They transformed it
very well and made it easier for me, personally, to understand it.

The Scopes Trial: The Monkey Trial
"Everything in the Bible should be taken as it is given" Bryan. "The Scopes Trial" also known as
"the Monkey Trial" was a very controversial trial because of what was at stake and what Scopes was
on trial for. John Scopes was on trial for teaching Evolution in his 8th grade class. This trial was the
first trial ever to be broadcast on the radio because of how controversial it was. There was also a
book written in 1955 called Inherit The Wind which we will be comparing to the actual trial. This
book was a lot different from the actual trial on many points... I will describe these point and how
they differ. I will be using the literary elements Mood, how he story feels to the reader,
Symbolism/Impact, what the story symbolizes and how it impacted the world, and Setting, the
setting is where the story takes place. To begin this comparing I will use mood. The mood in Inherit
the Wind is very tense but there are joyous parts to the story. In the Actual Scopes Trial the mood
was very friendly and laid back. These two things differ greatly as tenseness is the absolute opposite
of friendliness. Also in the real trial the jury as actually only in the courtroom for a few hours of the
week long ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inherit the wind changes the people in the story it makes them change from Church–going Bible
Toters to evolutionists. The spectators begins to mill about... a number of reporters clutter around
Drummond. (Lawrence & Lee, 1955). Before Drummond–Darrow in the real trial–Puts Brady–
Bryan in the real trial–On the witness stand to question him on the Bible and Brady admits that the
world could have possibly taken more than 6 days as stated in Genesis. This shows that words can
have a real impact on people when they are said by the right person. The exact opposite happened in
the real trial. No matter what was said, the people never budged form their Christianity. This shows
that Inherit the Wind is a fictional

Analysis Of Stanley Kramer 's ' Inherit The Wind '
In Stanley Kramer's film, "Inherit the Wind"; the movie is focused on the 1925 Scopes trial that
occurred in Dayton, Tennessee. John Scopes, a substitute high school teacher at the time, was
accused of violating the Butler Act which said it teaching the theory of human evolution in any state
funded school was unlawful. He was arrested for going against the state law and the trial The State
of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes was held in Dayton, Tennessee. The trial was started in order
to attract attention to the small town of Dayton to the world giving the town intense national
publicity. Many news stations and reporters immediately went to Dayton to cover one of the most
controversial cases in history. The case was mainly the issue between Religion .vs. Science and
Modernists .vs. Fundamentalists. Modernists said the theory of evolution was not related to religion
and Fundamentalists said God was responsible for evolution and it was revealed in the Bible. The
eight day trial concluded with John Scopes was found guilty and fined 100 $ which would be
equivalent to about 1,300 $ in today's economy. However, the court did later overturn the John
Scope's conviction based on a technicality. The Butler Act, which was violated at the time by
Scopes, remained until its repeal by the state in 1967. In the movie, Stanley Kramer turned it into a
movie with heroes and villains. Prosecutor William Jennings Bryan, who was in the Scopes Trial
against John Scopes, is portrayed in the

Edward Larson's Work Summer For The Gods
Throughout United States history, Americans have always remain separated on certain issues.
Edward Larson's work Summer for the Gods exemplifies just how issues split the population.
Larson uses the Scopes Trial of 1925 to demonstrate to the rivalry between modernists and
traditionalists in the early 20th century. Charles Dawson discovered fossilized human bones known
as the "Piltdown skull" and bridged a gap in history that seemed to confirm Darwin's theory of
evolution. "Darwin 's account of random variations, coupled with his survival–of–the–fittest
selection process, posed a critical problem for many Christians who retained a teleological view of
nature." (Larson, 17) This threat to Christian spirituality sparked an anti–evolution movement in an
attempt to revoke the teachings of evolution in public school systems. The Tennessee House of
Representatives soon passed a statute making it illegal for any public school official to teach any
theory that rejected the divine creation of man as taught in the Bible. The Scopes Trial would prove
to be more than an argument between science and religion and the removal of textbook content. It
was individual rights versus the right of majority rule, freedom of speech versus censorship, and
evolution versus creationism. At the turn of the century, traditionalists were making an effort to
combat the teachings of evolution. The anti–evolution movement originated for many reasons. First,
as a response to new scientific evidence that

John Scopes Trial Analysis
The Scopes Trial, a Dayton, Tennessee legal case involving the teaching of evolution within the
public school system, induced a pivotal point in American history. This world–famous trial
represents the ongoing conflict between science and theology, faith and reason, individual freedom
of speech, and overruling opinion of the majority. The preeminent purpose of the case was to decide
not only the fate of an evolution theory teacher by the name of John Scopes, but also to decide if
fundamentalists or modernists would rule American culture and education. An object of profound
publicity, the trial was identified as a battle between urban modernism and rural fundamentalism.
On January 20, 1925, a Tennessee state senator, John A. Shelton, proposed ... Show more content on
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Bryan had disregarded them and explained that he would answer questions only under the
circumstance that he could ask questions as well. Bryan had a lengthy list of inquisitions for Darrow
and supporting evolutionists; essential among these questions, he would demand explanation about
the missing evidence in fossil documentation. According to Bryan, genuine science cannot be
proven true until it is classified by legitimate knowledge, thus supporting his claim that the theory of
evolution cannot be veritable science since it is merely a string of theories and assumptions. Bryan
intended to express this point in his final argument in the trial. More precariously, he accentuated the
missing relations between humans and their supposed arthropod ancestors, because there are no
tangible links between them. Henry Fairfield, President of the American Museum of Natural
History, came to Bryan with so–called evidence of horse and human evolution in 1922. In this
confrontation with Bryan, Fairfield explained that evidence for humanistic development as abundant
as that of horse evolution had not yet been discovered, "but the very recent discovery of Tertiary
man...constitutes the most convincing answer to Mr. Bryan's call for more evidence." (Larson).
Experienced witnesses requested by Darrow brought this evidence with them to Dayton.
In the week leading up to the trial, hundreds of people and peddlers lined the streets, selling Bibles,
stuffed monkeys, and pins that read " Your Old Man's a Monkey". There were even circus
performers with live chimpanzees to entertain children. Many people thought – incorrectly – that the
theory of evolution claimed that human beings were descended from monkeys; for this reason, the
newspapers and reporters dubbed the Scopes Trial "the Monkey

Bryan's Trial: The Morality Of The Scopes Trial
The Scopes Trial was an eight day court case brought up around the issue of teaching evolution
within schools, and the morality of it, which ultimately led to the defendant, John Scopes, to be
pronounced guilty of teaching evolution within schools. Although it would seem that the Scopes
Trial was an issue of legality, it was chiefly a religious conflict between the old generation's way of
thinking, and the new generation's cultural rebellion. Because of the major focus on William
Jennings Bryan's knowledge of the bible, it would be best to observe and evaluate the seventh day of
the trial. As the day starts, Clarence Darrow, the defendant's lawyer, calls Bryan to the stand, and
asks of his "interpretation of the Bible," (144). This question provides further evidence of the
religious basis of the Scopes Trial, simply because the defendant's side realized that, in order to
protect the teaching of The Theory of Evolution, flaws within the bible's interpretation and
reasoning would have to be pointed out. This would weaken the argument of the plaintiff, and
possible help the jury realize that The Theory of Evolution was plausible. ... Show more content on
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This immediately tested the old generation's way of thinking, to see if it could stand up to the new
generation's way. Although the scientific theory of evolution would have it that animals evolved into
different types, instead of considering the theory, the old generation believed that God made all of
the creatures on Earth as they were for a reason. Bryan, being quite representative of the old
generation's way of thinking, confirmed that he believed

The John Scopes Trial
Scopes Trial
The John Scopes trial took place during the year of 1925, in the state of Tennessee. John Scopes was
a public school teacher who stood accused of teaching evolution to his students, which would be
considered a violation of The Butler Act.. In the movie Scopes was arrested, but in real life he turned
himself in and teamed up with the American Civil Liberties Union to defend his actions. The
defense was led by Clarence Darrow. William Jennings Bryan, a three time presidential candidate
and representative of the World Christian Fundamentals Association, led the litigation team. An
American journalist named H.L Mencken covered the trial. The preciding judge began each court
day with a prayer and did not allow the defense to call any expert scientific witnesses. John Scopes
was found guilty at the conclusion of the trial. His punishment was to pay a fine of $100, calculating
with inflation that would be $1400 today. The verdict was later over turned by the state supreme
court. The Butler Act was never again enforced. I learned that the ACLU offered to defend any
teacher charged with violating The Butler Act, and that the trial would bring much needed publicity
to the town. The case was seen as both a theological contest and a trial on whether "modern ... Show
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I will continue in the future, as I have in the past, to oppose this law in any way I can. Any other
action would be in violation of my ideal of academic freedom– that is, to teach the truth as
guaranteed in our constitution, of personal and religious freedom. I think the fine is unjust". I agree
with Scopes, the fine is unjust. But as the saying goes " you did the crime, do the time". Scopes will
forever be remembered in history as an honorable man who voiced his opinion, even though his
feedback fell on deaf ears. I will be lucky if I am remembered half as

The John Scopes Trial
Times were changing and some Americans welcomed contemporary culture, mass entertainment,
racial, sexual, and traditions while other frowned upon it. Evangelicals Protestants felt threaten by
the old–fashioned values and the upsurge of Catholicism and Judaism due to immigration. Believing
that the precise truth of the Bible made the foundation of Christianity, fundamentalists organized a
campaign to get rid of modernism in order to battle the new liberties that challenged traditional
ethics.
There were two sides to the debate of the Scopes trial when it took place in the year of 1925 which
defined freedom differently. Times were changing and things weren't the same anymore causing
indifferences between individuals. John Scopes, was a teacher

The Importance Of Education In The 1920's
The 1920's was an extravagant decade in American history. Many people had bought new items,
such as radios, and played the stock market without worrying about the loans they used for the new
items and stock market. The 1920's also brought about change in the United States, such as women's
suffrage and Prohibition. Despite Prohibition making the consumption and possession of alcohol
illegal, many people went to speakeasies to drink alcohol. The government could not effectively
control the drug and alcohol use in the 1920's, but it did have control over education. With the
government's ability to control education, it gained importance and attention in the 1920's.
The 1920's was an important time in education. The decision in the Scopes trial ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1897, there was an average of 256 students in a private institution and 415 students in a public
institution (Goldin et. al. 45). In comparison, the average amount of students in 1924 in a private
institution increased to 755 students per institution and 2165 students per public institution (Goldin
et. al. 45). Both private and public institutions benefited from the increase of higher education
students. Public institutions in 1924 had five times the amount of students they had in 1897. Ten
years later, private institutions had an average of 859 students, and public institutions had an average
of 2790 students (Goldin et. al. 45). This shows that the dramatic increase that occurred from 1897
to 1924 continued in the following

The Main Figures Of William Jennings Bryan And John Scopes
The Scopes Trial was a very controversial trial that put religious beliefs against scientific beliefs.
The main figures were William Jennings Bryan and John Scopes. Bryan was a Presbyterian, he was
born in Illinois and later became a Nebraska congressman in 1890. John Scopes was arrested for
teaching the evolution in school. The Scopes Trial had a major impact on America in 1925, making
it illegal to teach about the evolution of life in school.
Before William Bryan became a congressman, he practiced law in Jacksonville in 1883–1887 before
moving to Lincoln, Nebraska, where he was elected to the U.S. Congress in 1890. Bryan was a
presidential candidate three times and leader for the prosecution. Defeated for the U.S. Senate in
1894, he spent the next two years as editor of the Omaha World–Herald and as a popular public
lecturer (William Jennings Bryan). At a Democratic convention in Chicago on July 8, his famous
speech "Cross of Gold" won him the nomination at the age of 36. During the Spanish–American
war, Bryan served as a colonel in a Nebraska regiment. During the campaign, Bryan became the first
candidate to seek voter support. In recognition of his role in securing the Democratic nomination for
Woodrow Wilson in 1912, Bryan was appointed secretary of state the following year.
William Jennings was a Presbyterian, Presbyterians began with the French lawyer John Calvin.
Presbyterians believe they have been chosen by God's grace. However, this election is not primarily

John Scopes Research Paper
During a time when evolution in the classroom was a disgrace, John Scopes illegally taught
evolution to a class. The "Butler Act" stopped people from teaching their beliefs about evolution.
John Scopes went to trial and lost, but his motive spoke louder than his actions. Now, people are
able to express their beliefs.The twenties were surely an exciting time for America. Big business
grew, people didn't have to work as hard, and people of different colors and religions gained
freedom. Sadly, with every person that embraces change, there is always one who fears change.On
March 13, 1925, Tennessee legislature enacted the Butler Act. The Butler Act prevented any school
that received government funding from teaching evolution. As many

Essay On Scopes Trial
The Scopes Trial Project...
Evolution vs. Creationism
John Scopes: He was a teacher in Tennessee who went on trial for teaching evolution in his
classroom.This is a big deal because at this time the were many religious people. He saw this case as
a chance to stand up for academic freedom. After days on the trial, the jury only took a few minutes
to decide that Scopes was guilty. Later on, he conviction was overturned.
John Butler: He was on the opposing side of evolution. He had a strong strong concern for
education. He believed that it wasn't right that "parents could raise their child God–fearing only to
be robbed of their faith by learning about evolution." He made the law that made it unlawful for any
teacher to teach evolution in the classroom. Which basically meant that they couldn't teach anything
that didn't go along with what was in the bible.
William Jennings Bryan: He was on the opposing side of Scopes. He was also a former presidential
candidate. During the trial, he gave "impressive orations." Bryan was one of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Some were long lasting and others were short. The Prezi by Bryan Lidman states, "Another religious
repercussion the Scopes Trial had was the fact that, even to this very day, those who hold the
fundamental belief system of their religions (especially Christianity) protest and heatedly debate
over evolution being taught in public schools, when creationism is not allowed to be taught in
science courses. The mere fact that the way students should be taught in science, and what should be
taught in public school courses, is still a hot topic in today's day and age shows how large and
important the Scopes case was in the minds of the American people. A large, immediate effect of the
Scopes Trial was how quickly it captured, not only America's, but the whole world's interest." This
is saying that one of the main effects of the case was with religion. The people wanted evolution to
not be taught in public

Scopes Trial Research Paper
The Scopes Trial is part of a series most commonly known as the trial of the century. In this series
there are many trials which are looked as revolutionary and important part of history. But even
though some trials may be big, they don't make it into the trial of the century just because their
concept and ideology isn't a very controversial and doesn't make you choose one side or the other.
The Scopes Trial, also known as the "Monkey Trial," didn't have much do with the case itself but
what it actually stands for. The Scopes Trial set in motion a debate which still hasn't been properly
dealt with and clashes two polar ideas to compete against each other in order for the future
generation's knowledge and to decide the true way of human existence ... Show more content on
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These are two polar ideas but have the same goals and we as human beings want to teach our kids
same morals and standards as for us because with them one has gone on to be successful (hopefully)
that is why when we hear the other side of the argument we get protective because one feels like it
may change their child and fail them in life which is also natural to think for someone one loves. But
when we go along and think that everyone would be better their way then this causes mass troubles
for the people who opposes that view (like the agnostics in Dayton or Mr Darrow's dad) and I feel
that one should not do that and be open–minded to all ideas and if one disagrees then one should
look away but not take that right from someone else, after all, that is what this nation stands

John T. Scopes Anti-Evolution Case Summary
In 1925, a young Tennessee school teacher named John T. Scopes defied the state's law prohibiting
the teaching of evolution. Scopes was arrested and the case immediately got national headlines
causing William Jennings Bryan to announce his intention to join the prosecution. Then, the ACLU
got involved and offered to defend Scopes. When Darrow heard about the case, he said he would
defend the school teacher free of charge. To Darrow's thinking, Bryan was the embodiment of all
those aspects of rural America that Darrow had escaped so many years before. The reality of the
situation was that it was not a trial in the strict sense of the term. Instead, as Tierney (1979) points
out, it was a set piece; a contrivance. The anti–evolution law was out

Essay about Explaining The Twenties
In 1920, for the first time, the United States census revealed that more Americans lived in cities than
in rural areas. This fact speaks to a dramatic cultural shift that had taken place. The older ethnically
homogenous white Anglo–Saxon Protestant (WASP) culture, characterized by their traditional
religion and farm life fell into decline. Overtaking its influence was a new, secular, urban mass
culture rooted among diverse ethnic groups. It was a culture that provided more opportunity for
equal participation to women and minorities than did the older traditional culture. Like all periods of
change, however, the Twenties were accompanied by a reaction against these changes, as the older
culture tried to reassert itself as the dominant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To some historians, the Sacco and Vanzetti verdict represents one of the darkest moments for
American democracy. Today, it is clear that Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested and convicted because
of who they were– Non–Protestant, Non–Fundamentalists who believed in something different from
the majority of the people.
The battle between modernism and traditionalism is most apparent as a battle between the city and
the country. In geographical terms, this was how the multi–cultural modernism and mono–cultural
traditionalism were separated. Most non–Western European immigrants lived in large cities, and in
the eyes of traditionalists, it was these immigrants who responsible for the problems of sin,
alcoholism, and radicalism. These large cities were the center of liberal Protestantism while the
small towns were the home of the "old–time religion."
No group symbolized the way in which these different strands of cultural reaction came together as
much as the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK was prevalent in the Southwest and Midwest, where few
African–Americans lived. While the Klan was profoundly racist, in the 1920's, it was better known
for its protests against Catholic and Jewish immigrants and the threat to traditional Protestant
morality which Catholics and Jews represented. Aside from being racist, Anti–Catholic, and Anti–
Semitic, the Klan also

John Scopes Controversy
The summer of 1925 was a controversial period of time in the town of Dayton, Tennessee. There
had been a law that banned evolution taught in classrooms; the American Civil Liberties Union
challenged said law with the help of John Scopes, who was a teacher that taught the theory of
evolution in his classroom. In the trial, Clarence Darrow represented Scopes and faced off William
Jennings Bryan, who was against evolution being taught and a well–known criminal defense lawyer.
In the first section of the book, before the trial, the foundation for the controversy was arranged.
Charles Dawson discovered bones and other fragments of a skull that were known as the Piltdown
skull. The Piltdown skull was first thought to have been from a normal ape, but later evidence
collected from Arthur Smith Woodward said otherwise. The skull was said to have been from an ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scopes fine and conviction were overturned later on a technicality, but the debate between the anti–
evolutionists and modernists continued over evolution and religion in the classroom subject matter
long after the trial was over. Many books were written about the Scopes Trials that described what
happened such as Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the Nineteen–Twenties, and Inherit the
Wind. The author of Only Yesterday, Fredrick Lewis Allen, described the trials very simply as a loss
for fundamentalism and many others followed in his description. Political and public views from
this case also changed, which led toward the idea of creation to be taught in schools rather than so
much emphasis on evolution being banned. This led to religious practices in schools began to
diminish as the years went on as well. As more arguments arose and settled, the law that banned
evolution in school was finally repealed in

Evolution Of The 1920s
The 1920's were a time of change. New ideas were becoming more readily experimented with and
even accepted by large portions of the population. Some of these included jazz music and the fight
against the alcoholic prohibition. The radical idea I will focus on in this paper, however, is
Evolution. It is a theory that had been around for over half a century before the 20's but had only
more recently caught on in the US. It contradicted the Christian theory of Divine Creation as
described in the Bible. This caused many religious fundamentalists to fight against it. They took
their battle to the law books, and they were challenged by pro–evolution modernists in the Scopes
"Monkey Trial" of 1925.
The theory of Evolution was developed by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was on the forefront of the challenge against the
Butler Act. The ACLU is a non–profit organization founded in 1920 whose stated mission is "to
defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by
the Constitution and laws of the United States." It posted an announcement in a Tennessee
newspaper saying that it would offer its services to anyone willing to challenge the anti–evolution
statute. John T. Scopes accepted the offer, after townspeople like George Rappleyea argued that a
trial would bring publicity to the small town of Dayton. Scopes was a 24 year old science teacher
and coach of the local high school football team. He was indicted by a grand jury for violating the
Butler Law on May 25, 1925 and the stage was set for Case Number 5232, Scopes v. State.
The main player for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, a three–time presidential nominee
and former Secretary of State. He was a devout Christian, a prohibitionist, and fighter of evolution.
In a way, Bryan embodied the traditional way of life that many fought to keep during the twenties.
For the defense, there was Clarence Darrow, an agnostic lawyer who was famous for defending the
underdog in a trial. He, in a way, represented

Individual Liberty Versus Majoritarian Democracy in...
Individual Liberty Versus Majoritarian Democracy in Edward Larson's Summer For the Gods
The Scopes trial, writes Edward Larson, to most Americans embodies "the timeless debate over
science and religion." (265) Written by historians, judges, and playwrights, the history of the Scopes
trial has caused Americans to perceive "the relationship between science and religion in . . . simple
terms: either Darwin or the Bible was true." (265) The road to the trial began when Tennessee
passed the Butler Act in 1925 banning the teaching of evolution in secondary schools. It was only a
matter of time before a young biology teacher, John T. Scopes, prompted by the ACLU tested the
law. Spectators and newspapermen came from allover to witness ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Through exploring Bryan, Larson exposes the majoritarian democratic ideology underlying the
veneer of religion that has since characterized the trial
Next Larson explores the role the ACLU played in the Scopes Trial. They saw the Scopes trial as a
means to advance the rights of laborers and academic freedom using the First Amendment. Clarence
Darrow, when he heard that William Jennings Bryan would be prosecuting the trial, eagerly joined
the ACLU defense team. Darrow claimed that he was fighting for individual rights but he was also
obsessed in his determination to overturn the fundamentalist adherence to creationism. Larson
delves deep into the internal documents of the ACLU to reveal how difficult it was to control
Darrow and keep the case centered on a test of the law, not creationism. By revealing the ACLU's
agenda, Larson effectively shows that the Scopes trial was a battle between the concept of majority
rule and individual rights.
Larson suggests that the burgeoning fight for rights arose from a gradual ideological shift to
modernism. It was already under way before the Scopes trial even in rural areas. Bryan and his
fundamentalist backers had trouble finding expert witnesses that could discredit evolution.
Tennessee Governor Peay, even though he supported the Butler Act, founded Tennessee's public
schools based on modern education theory.(58) Even the fundamentalist spectators of Dayton
shouted their approval to allow scientific expert

Monkey Trial Research Paper
Zack Zeng
Mr. Roethler
USH
February 16, 2016
Scopes trials Scopes Trial, or the Monkey Trials, was a trial about teaching Darwin's Evolution
Theory in public schools (ushistory.org). On March 13, 1925, the Tennessee state passed the Butler
Law, which banned the teaching of evolution in any public school. Any teacher who committed to
deny divine creation of man would be considered unlawful, and a fine from one hundred to five
hundred will be charged. John Thomas Scopes was a high school science and football teacher in
Dayton. George Rappelyea, a Dayton businessman' conviction, realized the town could get
enormous attention if a local teacher was arrested for teaching revolution while the town was
declining that its population dropped from 3,000 to 1,800 in 1925. He convinced Scopes to do so.
Scopes challenged this Butler Law by teaching Darwin's theory of natural selection. Soon, he was
arrested, and the date was decided. Scopes Trial, an instance of conflicts between modernity and
tradition, was unfolding (ushistory.org). American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), which promised
to offer legal defense for whom are willing to go against the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He led a fundamental crusade to ban teaching Darwin's theory of evolution in classes. In his "Cross
of Gold" speech at 1896 Democratic Convention, and he pointed out that teaching evolution may
undermine tradition values. Bryan and his supporters succeeded in banning teaching evolution in
fifteen states, and Tennessee was one of it (law2.umkc.edu). Darrow volunteered to serve for the
defense of Scopes trial. ACLU's first choice for the defense team for Scopes was formal presidential
candidates John W. Davies and Charles Evans Hughes, but neither of them was willing to accept
serve with Darrow. In stead, Arthur Garfield Hays, a speech advocate, and Dudley Field Malone,
and international divorce attorney joined the team

The Scopes Trial : One Of The Best American History
The Scopes Trial is one of the best in American history because it symbolizes the conflict between
science and theology, faith and reason, individual liberty, and majority rule. This trial was to decide
not only the fate of an evolution–teacher, but also to decide if traditionalists or modernists would
rule American culture. An object of intense publicity, the trial was seen as a clash between urban
sophistication and rural fundamentalism.
On January 20, 1925, a Tennessee state senator named John A. Shelton proposed a bill to make it a
felony, or a criminal act, to teach evolution in the state's public schools. Fundamentalists had been
supporting and pushing the passage of laws such as this, because the teaching of evolution and
Darwinism contradicts the religious beliefs of creation in Christianity. Popular evangelist, Billy
Sunday, undertook an eighteen–day crusade in Memphis in support of the prospective bill. Night
after night, Sunday's audiences grew until more than two–hundred thousand people heard him
preach against the evils of evolution. The bill, known as the Butler Act, was officially passed on
March 21, 1925, just 3 months after its proposal. Just as state legislators suspected, the ink had
hardly dried on the Butler Act before its first challenger emerged.
George Rappleyea, a modernist methodist who was against the new law against the teaching of
evolution, urged people to rebel against the law in order to generate publicity for the city of Dayton.
John

Inherit The Wind Analysis
Grove
EN7–4
Mr. Gabbey
Inherit the Wind Literary Essay
In Inherit the Wind, changing some elements of the play, such as names and actions, helps to protect
the real characters and their actions, while also continuing to stay historically accurate in terms of
the overall theme: religion versus evolution. Although their characters have different names, the
characters' beliefs and actions still carry out the theme. In 1925, schoolteacher John Scopes is
arrested for teaching evolution to his students. In order to protect Mr. Scopes' actions, the authors,
Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, change his name to Bert Cates so that they would not be in
trouble for writing false information. However, the authors still are able to show the theme of the

John Scopes Research Paper
Alex Poppe
Mrs. Lilley
English III
14 April 2016
The Effect of the Scopes Trial on Education
The 1920s was a decade of significant importance in the world of science.
In 1859, Charles Darwin declared his theory of evolution – humans had descended from apes. This
ideology was unpopular throughout the minds of freedom–and–Jesus–loving Americans. Although
1920's technology was on its way to new findings, the traditionally southern public eye didn't seem
to be fascinated with the thought of people descending from humongous and hairy beings. The
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) supported Darwin's theory, though. The Union was formed
to protect the rights proclaimed by the Constitution and Bill of Rights. With that mission in mind,
the ACLU paid for John Scopes' defense team and promoted that he challenge the law (Leinwand
206). John Scopes was a science teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, specializing in biology. He used a
state–approved textbook to teach his students, but because the book included Darwin's theory of
evolution, Scopes was not legally able to teach that portion of the text. He was then arrested for
violating the Butler Act, which was just recently passed, and defended the ACLU (Green 164).
Not only did the majority of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
School boards and textbook publishers made it a point to put an end to the teaching of evolution in
schools throughout the United States entirely. The textbook used by John Scopes in Tennessee was
actually renamed as "New Civic Biology" to differentiate it from the previously used book
explaining evolution. George Hunter, the publisher of the biology textbook, feared that the publicity
from the Scopes Trial would cause harm to the usage of his book in classrooms. Because of this
frightening thought, Hunter eliminated the section involving evolution, as well as many other of
biology textbook publishers did at the

The Controversy Between Science And Religion
Summer for the Gods concentrates on the Dayton, Tennessee Scopes trial, or "Monkey Trial," of
1925. The trial was over a Tennessee law that banned teaching evolution in public schools. The
American Civil Liberties Union protested the law with teacher, John Scopes, who agreed to help.
The"trial of the century" brought together two famous political enemies, William Jennings Bryan,
who led the anti–evolution crusade, and Clarence Darrow, who was known as the best criminal
defense lawyer and evolution supporter. The author presents the history of controversy that led to
the trial. Fossil discoveries, the rise of religious fundamentalism, and increased attendance in public
high schools influenced the anti–evolution movement due to the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Understanding the book requires a semi–vast knowledge of vocabulary and laws, and is clearly
intended for an audience that has studied the subject of Christianity versus Evolution before.
Larson starts out by describing the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin and why he thinks it is such
a great piece of scientific literature, and describes how it greatly affected the Christian community
because a large part of it went against the Bible. He then explains the ideas behind evolution and
natural selection. Larson stated that evolution was "the theory that current living species evolved
from preexisting species" (Larson 14). Next, he sets the background for the rest of his book by
giving details of how the situation surrounding evolution arose, and how the two lawyers got
involved in the case.. He sets the background for the court case by stating that the teaching of
evolution was banned in the schools of Dayton, Tennessee and that John Scopes was being
prosecuted for teaching it to the class he was substituting.
Following his explanation of the basis on the case, he describes the differences between
fundamentalism and modernism. He describes how one of the main causes of the pressure between
them is an aftermath of World War I. Fundamentalism is following religion as stringently as
possible, while modernism is the exact opposite of it. Furthermore,

Scopes Trial Essay
The twentieth century Scopes trial may have started out as a simple debate between evolutionists
and creationists, but quickly escalated to a debate of historic proportions. The 1920s were times of
change in the United States, from women getting the right to vote to prohibition to changes in
education, such as the Butler Act, which created unease and animosity throughout the country. The
Butler Act of 1925 prohibited the teaching of evolution and any other theories that deny the story of
the divine creation of man as taught in the Bible in all Universities and public schools in Tennessee.
John Scopes, a high–school biology teacher in Dayton, Tennessee decided to test this law. He was
found guilty of teaching evolution to his high–school ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Giving students freedom in their academic lives encouraged students to form their own opinions.
Teachers had biased feelings towards those who denied students the right to the whole truth because
of specific religions, because it raises an uneducated generation. Fundamentalists needed to realize
that as times changed9 modernization of education is necessary, regardless of religious beliefs so
students receive the full truth and become liberated people. If students are restricted from certain
topics and are only taught one view on a few subjects then there will be no new or different ways of
thinking, rendering education pointless. "Without freedom in the intellectual life, and without the
inspiration of uncensored discovery and discussion, there could ultimately be no scholarship, no
schools at all and no education." The American Federation of Teachers expressed their fear for the
future of education and how it would be constrained due to traditionalism, in contradiction of Sparks
and other creationists. Dudley Field Malone, an attorney on the defense team for the Scopes trial,
argued for the importance of teaching science and religion to fully educate the students and allow
them to form their own opinions and ideas. Malone made the point that the old generation owes the
new generation all the facts and theories acquired by learning, studying, and observing so they have
the opportunity to enhance and better the generations

Analysis Of American Experience : Monkey Trials
The documentary American Experience: Monkey Trials by PBS follows the famous trial of John
Scopes. The trial was given the nickname, "The Monkey Trial" since it had to deal with Darwin's:
Theory of Evolution and whether it should be taught in schools. In 1925, John Scopes was arrested
for teaching evolution in a public school room in Dayton, Tennessee. He violated the Butler Act.
The Act "made it a crime for any public school teacher to quote 'teach any theory that denies the
story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man had
descended from a lower order of animals '(American Experience: Monkey Trial, 2002)." This was
the first trial in American history that was broadcasted by the media. By doing this, the media would
show citizens a battle between religion and science in this courtroom c ase. The documentary
conveys this notion of a clash between scientific discovery versus religious passion. It would also
show how America was changing in its ideology of being an old–fashioned to more modernistic
society.
One of the main ideas from the Monkey Trial was whether evolution should be taught in schools.
During this time in America, Fundamentalism was taking off in Christians who did not like how the
American society was changing. They wanted to bring God back into the country and kick the Devil
out. The passing of the Butler Act shows this concept. The Butler Act was a fundamentalist based
law in Tennessee. Of course, with the

The Scopes Monkey Trial
Ever since science began to explain the previously unexplainable, it has caused conflicts with
religion. The Scopes "Monkey" Trial of Dayton, Tennessee was one of the most talked about trials in
history because it was one of the first and most publicized times that this conflict occurred. The trial
showed the schism between the faithful fundamentalists and the newly formed group of
evolutionists. Although the jury was reminded that they only had to decide if Scopes had broken the
law, the verdict was seen as much more than that. For one of the first times in history, it seemed as if
the jury had to choose either religion or evolution. For the time being, there could not be both. The
Scopes "Monkey" Trial revealed the ongoing conflict with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
That May, the American Civil Liberties Union put an ad in the newspaper looking for a teacher to
challenge the law. John Scopes was asked to volunteer, and he agreed. The trial involved attorneys
William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow and lasted over a week, the courtroom constantly
overflowing with people and the witness examinations including many heated debates. (Adams) The
case, meant to decide if Scopes broke the law, diverged from its original intention as the witnesses
began to speak about the constitutionality of the law, questioning the legitimacy of the Bible. One of
the most well known of these examinations was the questioning of Bryan by Darrow about the book
of Genesis. "After initially contending, 'Everything in the Bible should be accepted as it is given
there,' Bryan finally conceded that the words of the Bible should not always be taken literally"
(UMKC School of Law). The final decision stated that Scopes was guilty of breaking the law and
was fined $100. While this was seen as a win for fundamentalists, it was not the end of the battle.
"In retrospect... Scopes forged a temporary break, not a full–scale retreat, in the fundamentalist
assault on modernist thought" (Gillon 171).
Starting with the Scopes Trial, many more cases have occurred concerning the teaching of evolution.
"By 1928 every southern state except Virginia had debated or was considering legislation banning
the teaching of evolution in the

Massive Turning Point for America was the Progressive Era
The Progressive era was a massive turning point in America's history. The suffrage movement,
Scopes Monkey Trial, and prohibition all had a large impact on America. Each event had a unique
effect on the future and we still see the effects of these events today. Even though the woman
suffrage movement began around 1848 it really didn't gain footing until the 20th century. In the 20th
century organizations like the National American Woman Suffrage association and the National
Woman's party lobbied President Woodrow Wilson to pass a constitutional amendment for woman's
rights. These efforts proved to be successful when in 1920 the 19th amendment which guaranteed
women the right to vote. This was one of the largest achievements of the progressive era because it
was accomplished peacefully. On March 21st, 1925 the governor of Tennessee signed the Butler Bill
which banned the teaching of evolution in public schools. The bill was introduced as America was
pushing for a return to fundamentalism due to the actions of many citizens. In an attempt to bring
publicity to the town of Dayton, Tennessee people in the town asked John Thomas Scopes to cover
evolution in his class so he can be indicted and bring the case to national attention. Scopes' defense
attorney was a man named Clarence Darrow; he was a very popular defense attorney and public
speaker. Darrow delivered a powerful speech in which he tried to prove the Butler Bill
unconstitutional due to the fact that it

Homework Chapter 3 Essay
Multiple Choice
1) Module
2) Divide and Conquer
3) Header
4) Call
5) Return
6) Top–down Design
7) Flowchart
8) Local Variable
9) Scope
10) Argument
11) Parameter
12) By Value
13) By Reference
14) Global variable
15) Global
True or False
1) False
2) True
3) True
4) False
5) True
6) False
7) False
8) True
9) True
10) False
11) True
12) False
Short Answers
1) You can call the module several times instead of writing it out each time.
2) The header is the starting point and the body is a list of statements that belong to the module.
3) It will return back to its previous point in the program.

4) A local variable is declared inside the module only. Only the statements inside the module can
access it.
5) A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Module main() call salesTax
End Module
Module salesTax(Integer Value)
Declare Integer tax
Set tax = value * 0.02 * 0.04
Display tax
End Module
3. How Much Insurance? Many financial experts advise that property owners should insure their
homes or buildings for at least 80 percent of the amount it would cost to replace the structure.
Design a modular program that asks the user to enter the replacement cost of a building and then
displays the minimum amount of insurance he or she should buy for the property.
Module main()
Call amount
Display cost
End Module
Module amount
Declare Integer cost
Display "Enter price"
Set cost = value * .80
End Module
4. Automobile Costs Design a modular program that asks the user to enter the monthly costs for the
fol–lowing expenses incurred from operating his or her automobile: loan payment, in–surance, gas,
oil, tires, and maintenance. The program should then display the total monthly cost of these
expenses, and the total annual cost of these expenses.
Module main()
Declare Integer number
Display " Enter loan"
Input loan
Display " Enter insurance"
Input insurance
Display " Enter gas"
Input gas
Display " Enter oil"
Input oil

Display " Enter tires"
Input tires
Display " Enter maintenance"
Input maintenance
Call totalCost(

Analysis Of John T. Scopes Monkey Trial
Religion and science both face off in ¨The Scopes 'Monkey' Trial," the case that America went
"bananas" over. Two men duel to prove their points about evolution and whether it defies state laws
or not. The conflict of John T. Scopes defying the Butler Act, an act prohibiting public school
teachers from denying Biblical accounts of man's origin, was temporarily resolved with Scopes
being fined, but this compromise was not entirely settled until the Butler Act was repealed years
later. Biblical theology was a very strong belief among many, even when scientists proved them
wrong with evidence. According to "The Scopes Monkey Trial," Charles Darwin first caused
scandal to the U.S. when he published his book, On the Origin of Species By Means

Scopes Monkey Trial Summary
The Scopes Trial: A Brief History with Documents by Jeffrey P. Moran is a book that details the
significant events that transpired in the Scopes Trial on 1925. The book, in part II, highlights eight
days of the proceedings in regards to the Scopes Trial that occurred from July 10, 1925 to July 21,
1925. Furthermore, a couple of newspapers relating to the proceedings were scattered across as well.
In part III, a plethora of documents, cartoons, and newspapers are showcased extensively pertaining
to the Scopes Trial. Three documents that have stood out were Who Shall Control Our Schools? by
William Jennings Bryan and Tennessee Can Dictate Curriculum, Not Answers by R.S. Woodworth.
The Scopes Trial, also known as the Monkey Trial, was a court ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the teacher would be under an employer, the person who is paying the salary or wage to
the teacher. Under a business point of view, contracts are typically signed that waives certain rights
from the teacher from performing a considerate amount of actions. Some examples could be suing
the company or even teaching certain topics. Bryan also summed it up well; that "as a
representative, [Scopes] has no right to misrepresent; as an employee, he is compelled to act under
the direction of his employers and has no right to defy instructions and still claim his salary
(p.191)." Under business regulations and terms, Scopes would be deemed guilty. However, in this
case, it was merely if Scopes violated the Butler Act. While Scopes did violate the Butler Act, the
Butler Act itself would be considered a violation of Scopes' rights of freedom of religion and speech.
Hence, this would be the reason why in 1926, the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed the court
guilty ruling and dismissed the

John Scopes: Should Evolution Be Taught In Schools
John Scopes was born on August 3, 1900, in Paducah, Kentucky. In 1924 he started to teach at Rhea
County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. At that time there was a national debate about
whether evolution should be taught in schools. It was then later decided that evolution would not be
taught in publicly funded schools. The American Civil Liberties Union thought differently and
wanted to challenge the Butler Act. John Scopes volunteered to be tried under this new law. He
admitted to using a textbook that contained evolution while serving as a substitute biology teacher.
He wanted to stand up for academic freedom. He once said, "What goes on in the classroom is up to
the student and the teacher. Once you introduce the power of the state telling what you can and
cannot do you've become involved in propaganda." John Scopes was found guilty, but his conviction
was later overturned.
John Butler was a state representative from 1923–1927. Representative Butler wrote the Tennessee
Anti–Evolution Act, also known as the Tennessee Monkey Law. Butler lived in Macon County
where he became a prosperous middle aged farmer, thresher operator, and community leader by
1925. He ran for state legislature in 1922 promising to work for the farmers and the economy. He
was appointed to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They say he was in the top of his profession and in the 1920's he was the most famous trial attorney
in America regularly earning 250,000 dollars per trial. Clarence said that a case like this one was a
dream come true because he was agnostic and Jennings was a presbyterian. He always wanted to go
head to head against Jennings in a evolution versus religion court case. After the death of Jennings
just five days after the trial everyone accused Darrow of murdering him. He then countered them by
saying he died of "a Busted

The Scopes ' Monkey ' Trial
In the United States, the early 1920s was a time of shifting and conflicting moral values due to
people attempting to see which values would dominate the nation's culture. One conflict was
between science and religion; ever since science began to explain what once was unexplainable, it
clashed with religion. Thus, in 1925, the Scopes "Monkey" Trial revealed the struggle of America's
culture between the forces of Traditionalism and Modernism. The mixture of religion and science
caused one of the most famous debates in American history to occur because ideas were the main
focus instead of an actual crime. The Scopes Trial opened the doors to the conflict between faith and
science that made it the trial of the century.
Dayton is a small beautiful Southern town in Tennessee with only a few thousand inhabitants.
However, in 1925, Dayton was on the front pages of newspapers all over the United States.
Thousands of Americans were arriving to watch the spectacle that happened in this town. Mencken,
one of the reporters that came to see the trial unfold, stated that the Scopes Trial was an
extraordinary opportunity to put the small town of Dayton on the map (Scopes Trial, Mencken's
Trial Account, July 9, p. 1). Not only that, the trial brought Clarence Darrow, the nation's greatest
defense attorney, and William Jennings Bryan, the nation's greatest political orator and three–time
presidential candidate, into the trial. Due to these factors, New York Times called it "the most

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