General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
Mutations
1. LT #2
I can define mutation and explain how mutations of a segment of DNA may
or may not affect an organism
2. Mutations are heritable changes in genetic
information.
Mutagen: physical or chemical agent that
can cause mutations in DNA
Examples:
X-rays, tobacco, pesticides, U-V light
3. 1) change DNA base sequence
2) Increase error rate in DNA replication
3) Weaken DNA strand causing breaks and
inversions that change the chromosomes.
4. 1) Gene mutations
Change in one or a few nucleotides (A,C,G,T)
2) Chromosomal mutations
Changes in whole chromosomes
5. 1) Substitution
One base is changed to a different base.
2) Insertions:
An extra base is added
3) Deletions:
A base has been lost
6.
7. Original DNA strand: ATGCTATG
1) ATCTATG
2) ATGCTAATG
3) ATGCAATG
8. 1) Deletion:
Loss of all or part of a chromosome
2) Duplication:
Extra copy of all or part of a chromosome
9. 3) Inversion:
Reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome
4) Translocation:
Part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches
to another.
10.
11. 1) Most little or no effect
2) Few produce beneficial results
3) May disrupt gene function- negative
results
