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Musical instrument Families
The document summarizes the classification and history of major musical instruments. It divides instruments into families: strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboards, and discusses specific instruments within each family. It provides the origins and development of common orchestral instruments like the violin, flute, trumpet, and how different types of drums and horns evolved over centuries. The document also describes systems for classifying instruments based on how sound is produced, such as idiophones, membranophones, chordophones and aerophones.
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Musical instrument Families
- 1.
- 2. Classification of Orchestral Instruments •Strings • Woodwinds • Brass • Percussion
- 3.
- 4. Bowed Strings Were developedin Italy by Andrea Amati (ca. 1511 – ca. 1580): • Violin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OKPUausH64 • Viola http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gji5CZ-VdHs • Cello http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iN184Ytzmpc Originated in the late 17th century: • Double Basshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hV- 65UMPMMA
- 5. Strings in aSymphony Orchestra http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPBL-kPQzkc
- 6. Morin Khuur, the MongolianHouse Fiddle Erhu, The Chinese Fiddle
- 7. Woodwinds • Flute • Flutesdating to about 43,000 to 35,000 years ago have been found in Germany • The contemporary mechanism was developed between 1832 and 1847 http://content.thespco.org/music/compositions/duo-for-flute-and-piano- aaron-copland/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zPkWVqdJXI Watch segments 1, 2 and 7: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=668 1&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=The%20Flute&IsSearch=N&parentSeriesID=#
- 8. Woodwinds • Oboe • Firstappeared in the mid-17th century and was developed further in the 19th century. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhygJyCvYeA Watch segments 1, 4 and 5: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu :2048/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=6683 &psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=The%20O boe&IsSearch=N&parentSeriesID=#
- 9. Woodwinds • English Horn •Originated in about 1720 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePFIlpBJq1o
- 10. Woodwinds • Clarinet • Becamea standard orchestral instrument by the 1800 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxb7yNG0DGc Watch segments 2 and 11: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo. aspx?xtid=6676&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=The%20Clarinet&I sSearch=N&parentSeriesID=#
- 11. Woodwinds • Bass clarinet •has been regularly used since the late 19th century, became more common during the middle and latter part of the 20th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAlZCuWB1nY
- 12. Woodwinds • Bassoon • Wasdeveloped in the first half of the 19th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEMSsMDu3GU
- 13. Woodwinds • Contrabassoon • Wasdeveloped in the mid-18th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIJrMb7 mOVI
- 14. Brass • French Horn •Descended from the Medieval Horns, valves were introduced in 1815. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBndGH7fxUw
- 15. Brass • Trumpet • Originatedat least 1500 BC • Acquired valves in 1818 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSIPXetbm6M Watch segments 9, 10, and 11. http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.asp x?xtid=6679&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=The%20Trumpet&IsSearc h=N&parentSeriesID=
- 16. Brass • Trombone • Appearedin the 15th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMkuxhqByHY
- 17. Brass • Tuba • Wasinvented in 1835 http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=gvg27Wyozpk Two F-tubas, from c.1900 (left) and 2004 (right)
- 18. Percussion • Timpani • Originatedin Europe in the 15th century as a cavalry instrument http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1DEyrAZofU Watch segment 2: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=668 0&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Percussion%20Instruments&IsSearch=N&paren tSeriesID=# Standard timpani set Timpanists use a variety of timpani sticks, each stick produces a different timbre
- 19. Percussion • Bass drum •Was in use in the 18th century orchestra http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xi9UPLhNYr4
- 20. Percussion • Snare drum •Descended from the medieval tabor • Joined the symphony orchestra in the 18th century • Metal snares appeared in the 20th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ES3QpDN2AyY Watch segment 4: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=6680&ps id=0&sid=0&State=&title=Percussion%20Instruments&IsSearch=N&parentSeriesID= # Snares on the drumSnare drum strainer
- 21. Percussion • Cymbals • Arementioned in Bible (ca. 1100 BC) • First used in orchestra in the end of the 17th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0xFJR4iuMA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrFbiw77_90
- 22. Percussion • Tam-Tam (Gong) •An ancient East and South east Asian instrument http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwbc1rWv0xs • Tambourine • Originated in the Middle Ages in Mesopotamia, Middle East, India, Greece and Rome, and were mainly used in religious contexts. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRDBwCDEvpo • Triangle • Was first made around the 16th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5qkH9uYkOw
- 23. Percussion • Glockenspiel • Wasin use in the 18th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_dQ9POpJkI
- 24. Percussion • Xylophone • Originatedin Southeast Asia and Africa in the 14th century • Came to use in Europe in the 1860s. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lX_tHW-OyKE
- 25. Percussion • Marimba • Originatedin Africa • Is very popular in Latin America • Was first manufactured in the USA in the 20th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5Bt75Qq-RA
- 26. Percussion • Crotales • Ancientbronze crotales were found in Egypt, Rome and Greece. • Were in use in the orchestral repertoire in the 19th century http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGrAwQnZ6Bs
- 27. Percussion • Tubular Bells(Chimes) • Were invented in 1886 http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=QPyeU5c5s-g
- 28. Keyboards • Piano • Originatedfrom the 17th century clavichord and harpsichord • Modern piano was first constructed in the early 18th century http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=Ds9CrdY3R2M
- 29. Keyboards • Celesta • Wasinvented in 1886 http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=56axsTAmQ XM
- 30. Organ • A windinstrument • Originated in the Middle Ages http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=rhakZP MjPKE&list=PL0E91B6 A290579A56 http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=Zd_oIF y1mxM
- 31.
- 32. Idiophones • Sound isproduced by a vibrating body of an instrument Triangle Watch segment 7: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xti d=6680&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Percussion%20Instruments&IsSear ch=N&parentSeriesID=#
- 33. Membranophones • Sound isproduced by a vibrating membrane • Timpani • Drums Snare Drum
- 34. Chordophones • Sound isproduced by a vibrating string • Piano • Violin
- 35. Aerophones • Sound isproduced by vibrating columns of air • Woodwinds and brass – flute, horn, trumpet.
- 36. Required Readings • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_instrument_classificatio n •http://cnx.org/content/m11897/latest/ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqlXkr81t9c&feature=rela ted • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ku3TRcjLpyY&feature=rel ated • http://library.thinkquest.org/C005400/musi/brittenypg.html • http://openhighschoolcourses.org/mod/page/view.php?id=11 844
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Editor's Notes
- #3 Dublin Philharmonic Orchestra. Authored by: Derek Gleeson. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tch_In_Charlotte.JPG. License: CC BY-SA
- #4 String Instruments. Authored by: AlejandroLinaresGarcia. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StringInstruMAPDF.JPG. License: CC BY-SA
- #6 Philharmonic Orchestra of Jalisco. Authored by: Pedro Sánchez. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orquesta_Filarmonica_de_Jalisco.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #7 Ehru played by blind man. Authored by: Anna Frodesiak. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ehru_played_by_blind_man.jpg. License: Public Domain Mongolian Musician. Authored by: Eric Pouhier. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mongolian_Musician.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #8 Flute. Authored by: Mezzofortist. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flute.jpg. License: CC BY
- #9 Oboe modern. Authored by: Hustvedt. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oboe_modern.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #10 English Horn picture. Authored by: Hustvedt. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:English_Horn_picture.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #11 Clarinet. Authored by: Ratigan. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarinet.png. License: CC BY
- #12 Bundy bass clarinet. Authored by: Richard Holmes. Located at: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundy_bass_clarinet.png. License: CC BY-SA
- #13 FoxBassoon. Authored by: Gregory F. Maxwell. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FoxBassoon.jpg. License: GNU Free Documentation License
- #14 Contrabassoon2. Authored by: Mezzofortist. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Contrabassoon2.png. License: CC BY-SA
- #15 French horn back. Authored by: Lidl BE702. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:French_horn_back.png. License: CC BY-SA
- #16 Trumpet 1. Authored by: PJ. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trumpet_1.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #17 Tenor slide trombone 3D model. Authored by: Josef Plch. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tenor_slide_trombone_3D_model.jpg. License: Public Domain
- #18 Two F tubas. Authored by: FotoFFF. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Two_F_tubas.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #19 Standard timpani setup. Authored by: Flamurai. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Standard_timpani_setup.jpg. License: CC BY-SA Timpani sticks. Authored by: Flamurai. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Timpani_sticks.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #21 Snare drum strainer. Authored by: ZooFari. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Snare_drum_strainer.jpg. License: Public Domain Snaresondrum. Authored by: Bikinibomb. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Snaresondrum.jpg. License: Public Domain
- #22 Crash Zildjian. Authored by: Stephan Czuratis. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2006-07-06_Crash_Zildjian_14.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #24 Glockenspiel malletech. Authored by: Flamurai. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glockenspiel-malletech.jpg. License: Public Domain
- #25 Xylophone. Authored by: Roumpf. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xylophone.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #26 Marimba Antonko. Authored by: Vassia Atanassova. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marimba-Antonko-AMC12.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #27 Crotales—Paiste brand. Authored by: Xylosmygame. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crotales_-_Paiste_brand.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #28 Yamaha Deagan chimes. Authored by: Xylosmygame. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yamaha_Deagan_chimes_(from_LA_Percussion_Rentals).jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #29 D274. Authored by: KarlKunde. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:D274.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #30 Celesta Schiedmayer. Authored by: Museumsinsulaner. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Celesta_Schiedmayer_MIM_1592.jpg. License: Public domain
- #31 St. Germain Auxerrois. Authored by: Gérard Janot. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StGermainAuxerrois1.jpg. License: Public domain
- #33 Triangle. Authored by: Anon. Located at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Triangle_001.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #34 Snare. Authored by: Stephan Czuratis. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2006-07-06_snare_14.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #35 Upright piano inside. Authored by: Pko. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Upright_piano_inside.jpg. License: CC BY-SA
- #36 Trumpet in c german. Authored by: Aichas. Located at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trumpet_in_c_german.jpg. License: CC BY-SA