3. Related terms
● Conductor: The leader of the orchestra, band or
choir. The conductor stand in front of the group and
directs them in the performance.
● Concertmaster: The principal violinist.(orchestra)
● The principal clarinet( band)
● Baton: A stick used by conductors to keep time and
guide the players or singers.
4. INSTRUMENTAL GROUPS
● Symphony orchestra: It is a big group of
instrumentalists which includes string, brass, woodwind
and percussion instruments.
● Chamber orchestra: It is a small orchestra designed to
perform in small spaces. Includes around 25 musicians
● String orchestra: It only includes string instruments.
● Band: It includes all the instruments but no string
instruments.
5. •Is the largest family in actual
numbers
• Has four members
• Each has four strings
• Are bowed or plucked
8. VIOLIN
● Smallest string instrument in
the orchestra
● High sound.
● Four strings.
● Use a stick called a “bow” or
“Pizzicato” (pluck to play)
9. VIOLA
● This may look like a violin,
but It’s a bit larger in size.
● It is also in the "middle
register" of the string family.
● The sound of the viola is
deeper.
10. CELLO
● 3rd largest of string
instruments of the orchestra.
● Low sound.
● Sit to play.
● Four strings.
● Use a stick called a “bow” or
“Pizzicato” (pluck to play)
11. DOUBLE BASS
● 4th largest
● Very low sound
● Stand to play
● Four strings
● Use a stick called a “bow” or
“Pizzicato” (pluck to play)
12. • Four members.
• Common ancestor is the animal horn.
• Are played by blowing while buzzing lips.
14. TRUMPET
● Highest sounding instrument
of the brass family.
● “Cup” shape mouthpiece.
● “Buzz” lips to play.
● 3 “keys”or“valves”
15. TROMBONE
● Low sound.
● “cup” shape mouthpiece.
● “Buzz” lips to play
● “Slide” – only instrument
that has slide to change
notes instead of keys.
● Trombone means “big
trumpet”.
16. FRENCH HORN
● “Buzz” your lips to play.
● Cup shaped mouthpiece.
● 3 “keys” or “valves”.
17. TUBA
● Lowest sounding instrument
of the brass family.
● “Cup” shape mouthpiece.
● “Buzz” lips to play
● 3 “keys” or “valves”.
18. • All of the members are or once were,
made of wood
• Most of them use reeds on the mouthpiece
19. The clarinet, oboe and bassoon are wind instruments
that sound when the player's breath causes a reed (a
thin blade of cane) to vibrate, thereby setting up a
sound wave in an enclosed air column.
28. Xylophone
- It is made of graduated
wooden bars, each tuned to
a note.
29. Glockenspiel
- It is made in the same as
the xylophone except that
its bars are made of metal
instead of wood.
30. Vibraphone
- It is like a large-sized
glockenspiel. It has two
rows of tuned metal bars
struck with beaters to
produce tones.
31. Non-tuned Percussions
Bass drum
- It is a large drum with a
vellum head. The vellum is
an animal skin parchment
stretched over a frame of
the drum.
32. Snare drum
- It is also called the side
drum, has two drum heads.
33. Timpani
- It is also called
kettledrums. It is a set of
bowl-shaped drums struck
with a pair of mallets.
34. Triangle
- It is a metal rod shaped
into a triangle with one
open corner.
35. Tambourine
- It is a small drum with
only one drumhead.
- It is played by shaking
and hitting it with a
hand or by banging it
against the knee.
36. Cymbals
- These are two thin
brass plates, which a
player strikes together
to produce a very loud
sound.
