The document discusses how technological innovations have impacted the music industry, both positively and negatively. It covers the history and issues of production technologies like the piano, synthesizers, sampling, and computers and delivery technologies like the phonograph, radio, vinyl records, cassettes, CDs, MP3s and streaming. While technologies have increased efficiency and access to music, they have also disrupted business models, contributed to widespread piracy, and shifted revenue streams in the industry.
Music is important for everyone's life. Hear music and live your life in melodious way. Visit the website to hear wonderful music. http://djinchennai.in/
Music is important for everyone's life. Hear music and live your life in melodious way. Visit the website to hear wonderful music. http://djinchennai.in/
Southeast Asia is a subregion most known to the world for its tropical vacation destinations and exotic foods, but not its music industry.
‘ASEAN’, which stands for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is often used interchangeably with ‘Southeast Asia’ in the spoken language of people in the region. There are currently 10 ASEAN member countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Brunei, Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma), and Laos, with Timor-Leste as an observing member.
ASEAN countries all have rich musical cultures, which is mostly seen for its traditional and cultural value. However, its thriving local music scenes consist of all imaginable modern music genres and sub-genres that is virtually invisible to the world.
Southeast Asia is a subregion most known to the world for its tropical vacation destinations and exotic foods, but not its music industry.
‘ASEAN’, which stands for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is often used interchangeably with ‘Southeast Asia’ in the spoken language of people in the region. There are currently 10 ASEAN member countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Brunei, Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma), and Laos, with Timor-Leste as an observing member.
ASEAN countries all have rich musical cultures, which is mostly seen for its traditional and cultural value. However, its thriving local music scenes consist of all imaginable modern music genres and sub-genres that is virtually invisible to the world.
The effect of Digital sharing Technologies on Music Markets : A survival anal...Riri Kusumarani
The effect of Digital sharing Technologies on Music Markets : A survival analysis of albums on ranking charts. Reviewing paper from Sudip Bhattacharjee and Ram Gopal for KAIST Business Analytics Class.
Creating a Remix w/ D.Satori (2/16/18)Danny Satori
Creating a Remix w/ D.Satori (2/16/18)
Presented by D. Satori | www.dannysatori.com
Hosted by Mmmmaven | http://mmmmaven.com/
Have you ever heard a track, and wanted to give it a twist with a fresh, unique sound? If so, please join us on Friday, the 16th of November, as D.Satori shares his global approach to creating the ultimate remix. From conceptualization to execution, D will deconstruct the different levels of building harmonic/melodic motifs, quick tips for Ableton Live workflow, and deconstructing select reference tracks. Open to all levels from Beginner to Advanced, with a Q&A session to follow.
Whether it be performing live electronica at the Ableton Loop Conference in Funkhaus Berlin or hybrid DJ sets for ToUch Performance Art’s AcousticaElectronica, D.Satori is no stranger to artistic expression. Having been a featured artist on imprints such as Teknofonic Recordings (NYC) & Krafted Digital (London), D loves to share his passion for musicianship and advocates for the transcendent power of musical education. For more information, please visit www.dannysatori.com.
Level: Beginner - Advanced
Create a Seamless Viewing Experience with Your Own Custom OTT Player.pdfGenny Knight
As the popularity of online streaming continues to rise, the significance of providing outstanding viewing experiences cannot be emphasized enough. Tailored OTT players present a robust solution for service providers aiming to enhance their offerings and engage audiences in a competitive market. Through embracing customization, companies can craft immersive, individualized experiences that effectively hold viewers' attention, entertain them, and encourage repeat usage.
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
240529_Teleprotection Global Market Report 2024.pdfMadhura TBRC
The teleprotection market size has grown
exponentially in recent years. It will grow from
$21.92 billion in 2023 to $28.11 billion in 2024 at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 28.2%. The
teleprotection market size is expected to see
exponential growth in the next few years. It will grow
to $70.77 billion in 2028 at a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 26.0%.
Experience the thrill of Progressive Puzzle Adventures, like Scavenger Hunt Games and Escape Room Activities combined Solve Treasure Hunt Puzzles online.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
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Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
Young Tom Selleck: A Journey Through His Early Years and Rise to Stardomgreendigital
Introduction
When one thinks of Hollywood legends, Tom Selleck is a name that comes to mind. Known for his charming smile, rugged good looks. and the iconic mustache that has become synonymous with his persona. Tom Selleck has had a prolific career spanning decades. But, the journey of young Tom Selleck, from his early years to becoming a household name. is a story filled with determination, talent, and a touch of luck. This article delves into young Tom Selleck's life, background, early struggles. and pivotal moments that led to his rise in Hollywood.
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Early Life and Background
Family Roots and Childhood
Thomas William Selleck was born in Detroit, Michigan, on January 29, 1945. He was the second of four children in a close-knit family. His father, Robert Dean Selleck, was a real estate investor and executive. while his mother, Martha Selleck, was a homemaker. The Selleck family relocated to Sherman Oaks, California. when Tom was a child, setting the stage for his future in the entertainment industry.
Education and Early Interests
Growing up, young Tom Selleck was an active and athletic child. He attended Grant High School in Van Nuys, California. where he excelled in sports, particularly basketball. His tall and athletic build made him a standout player, and he earned a basketball scholarship to the University of Southern California (U.S.C.). While at U.S.C., Selleck studied business administration. but his interests shifted toward acting.
Discovery of Acting Passion
Tom Selleck's journey into acting was serendipitous. During his time at U.S.C., a drama coach encouraged him to try acting. This nudge led him to join the Hills Playhouse, where he began honing his craft. Transitioning from an aspiring athlete to an actor took time. but young Tom Selleck became drawn to the performance world.
Early Career Struggles
Breaking Into the Industry
The path to stardom was a challenging one for young Tom Selleck. Like many aspiring actors, he faced many rejections and struggled to find steady work. A series of minor roles and guest appearances on television shows marked his early career. In 1965, he debuted on the syndicated show "The Dating Game." which gave him some exposure but did not lead to immediate success.
The Commercial Breakthrough
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Selleck began appearing in television commercials. His rugged good looks and charismatic presence made him a popular brand choice. He starred in advertisements for Pepsi-Cola, Revlon, and Close-Up toothpaste. These commercials provided financial stability and helped him gain visibility in the industry.
Struggling Actor in Hollywood
Despite his success in commercials. breaking into large acting roles remained a challenge for young Tom Selleck. He auditioned and took on small parts in T.V. shows and movies. Some of his early television appearances included roles in popular series like Lancer, The F.B.I., and Bracken's World. But, it would take a
Meet Dinah Mattingly – Larry Bird’s Partner in Life and Loveget joys
Get an intimate look at Dinah Mattingly’s life alongside NBA icon Larry Bird. From their humble beginnings to their life today, discover the love and partnership that have defined their relationship.
3. A Dual Edge
Technological innovation’s downside:
Obsolescence
Frictional unemployment
Disruption of existing business models
Property disputes
May enhance power structures
4. A Dual Edge
Technological innovation’s upside:
Efficiency
Standardization
Increased accuracy/quality
Improved price/performance ratios
Individual empowerment
May erode power structures
5. Production Technologies: Piano
Pianoforte developed around 1720, by Bartolomeo Cristofori of
Padua, Italy
Replaced harpsichord as the standard keyboard instrument
“velocity sensitive”
Forced acceptance of Equal Temperament as the tuning
standard for Western music
“Settled” a tuning argument that began with Pythagoreans v
Aristotoleans, circa 400 BC
6. Production Technologies: Horns
Early Horns included straight trumpets made of wood, bronze
and silver such as the salpinx found in Greece, and the Roman
tuba, lituus, and buccina
The modern brass orchestra became feasible only after 1840,
when machines capable of making consistent valves were
invented
Beethoven first major composer to use trombones, in his 5th
and 9th symphonies
7. Production Technologies: Engraving
Gutenberg Bible: 1455
Constance Gradual first fully-printed sheet music, 1473
(Germany); Used freehand wood engraving
Brietkopf (Germany) developed moveable type system for music
in 1754
Lithography first used to print music in 1796, used limestone
plates
Photolithography using zinc plates perfected 1860
9. Production Technologies: Electrical
Recording
Electrical Recording developed by AT&T 1924, popularized by
Victor as “Orthophonic”
IMPACT:
•Better sound quality
•Easier recording setups
•Music now fills the home
•Crooners replace belters
10. Production Technologies: Tape Recording
Magnetic Tape developed in Nazi Germany - AEG Magnetophon
U.S. Army Signal Corp liberates technology, delivers it to Ampex
Bing Crosby finances development
IMPACT:
•Sound Quality
•Time Shifting
•Editing
•Killed the “transcription disk”
11. Production Technologies: Multitrack
Multitrack tape recording developed by Les Paul, 1950s
Popularized by Beatles, late 1960s
IMPACT:
•Destroyed the simultaneous performance imperative
•Allowed “one man bands” and “auteur” style of record
production
•Better sound quality
•Eroded the studio orchestra business
12. Production Technologies: Synthesizers
Synthesizer developed by Moog, Buchla, others, early 1960s
“Switched-On Bach” by Wendy Carlos was the watershed LP
IMPACT:
•Inaugurated a boom era in musical electronics
•Expanded sonic palette
•“Replacing musicians” more hype than fact
13. Production Technologies: Drum Machines
Drum machine introduced by Roland, Linn late 1970s
Cheap digital drum machines become prevalent early 1980s
IMPACT:
•Improved rhythmic accuracy
•Streamlined the recording process
•Improved price/performance
•Eroded studio drummer business
14. Production Technologies: Sampling
Introduced by Fairlight, NED, others, mid-1970s
Becomes prevalent mid-1980s
IMPACT:
•Derivative recordings become a primary mode of popular
music production
•Touched off a firestorm of litigation
•Sample licensing: new revenue stream
15. Production Technologies: Computer
Recording
Computer-based digital multitracking developed by OSC, others,
late 1980s
Feasible for home users mid-1990s
IMPACT:
•Accelerates the home recording trend
•Improves quality of independent recordings
•Erodes the professional studio business
•Kills the analog multitrack business
•End of huge recording budgets
16. Production Technologies: Current Issues
High-resolution audio
Faster sample rates, bigger bit depths
Surround mixing
Driven by the DVD market
Sampling prohibition creates inequities
Ease of access -> flood of bad music
Supply outstrips demand, now more than ever
17. Production Technologies: Trends
“Mix Tapes” (usually CD-Rs) are a new enforcement priority
Replicators forced to become sample cops
Quality and price/performance will continue to improve
Performance/skill augmentation
18. Delivery Technologies: Phonograph
Phonograph patented by Edison, 1878
Berliner patents disk phonograph, 1895
Berliner & Frank Seaman introduce spring-wound Gramophone,
1897
IMPACT:
•Preservation & exploitation of performances
•Brought music into the homes of non-performers
•Eroded the piano & sheet music industries
•Pianos declared “obsolete” 1904
•Eroded the live music performance business
•Created the new role of Disk Jockey
19. Delivery Technologies: Radio
Radio developed by Tesla, Marconi, Fessenden mid-1890s to
1906
Popularized as consumer entertainment by Westinghouse,
others, 1920s
IMPACT:
•Competed with the phonograph record industry, live music
performance and sheet music publishing
•BMI formed to counteract ASCAP
•ASCAP Strike exposes “outsider” music, 1941
•Broadcast Prohibition 1920s – 1940
•“Not Licensed For Broadcast” struck down by SCOTUS in RCA v
Whiteman -> No Performance Right for Sound Recordings
20. Delivery Technologies: Vinyl
Vinyl 12” LP and 7” 45 developed late 1940s
“microgroove” recordings
Early 1950s market confusion and sales slump
Industry settles on the album/single concept
IMPACT:
•Better sound quality than shellac
•Better handling, durability
•Cheaper to manufacture, transport, store
•Taught the record business the value of obsolescence and
upgrades
21. Delivery Technologies: Cassette
Cassette tape developed as a music delivery medium by Henry
Kloss
Dolby NR was lynchpin - 1971: Advent 201
Consumers preferred cassette to 8-Track
IMPACT:
•Recordable medium gives consumers more control over music
•Record business accepts format, fights home taping
•Leads to cassette-based multitracks & the first stage of the
home recording trend
•8-track, reel-to-reel obsolete consumer formats
22. Delivery Technologies: CD
Compact Disc (CD) developed by Sony & Philips; Matsushita
accepts standard 1981
Introduced to U.S. market 1983
Labels stop taking vinyl returns 1988
IMPACT:
•Better sound quality
•Cheaper to manufacture, transport, store
•Artists paid less
•Higher retail & wholesale prices
•Consumers re-purchased their collections
•Vinyl, turntables obsolete
•Rescued & maintained by DJs
23. Delivery Technologies: DAT
Digital Audio Tape (DAT) - Sony 1987
Based on VCRs: helical scan
Originally envisioned as a consumer medium
IMPACT:
•Precipitated passage of Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 “the
DAT tax”
•SCMS mandated for consumer units
•Only pros adopted DAT
•AHRA assumes pre-emptive guilt, creates new revenue stream
for labels
•“Piracy” becomes bogeyman
24. Delivery Technologies: Web
Tim Berners-Lee invents WWW at CERN, 1990
Military/Educational Arpanet opened to general public, renamed
Internet, 1994
Advent of the dot-com domain
IMPACT:
•Artists (and virtually all other businesses) forced to migrate to
computers, use email, have Web sites
•Inexpensive, instant self-publishing allows a proliferation of
new voices, increases the general noise level
•Music became a factor w/ advent of MP3 format and high-
speed service
25. Delivery Technologies: MP3
Moving Picture Experts Group publishes MPEG-1 Specification, 1993
MPEG-1, Audio Layer 3 (aka MP3) adopted by Internet music hobbyists
IMPACT:
•RIAA v Diamond Multimedia (the “Rio case”) establishes exemption
for computer devices
•MP3.com popularizes format with artists
•Spurs development of competing compressed formats, including
WMA, AAC
•Erosion of label control over distribution
•Overall DECREASE in sound quality
26. Delivery Technologies: P2P
Shawn Fanning writes Napster, first peer-to-peer
search/retrieval system, 1999
Justin Frankel writes Gnutella, first distributed P2P application,
2000
Many descendants, Bit Torrent, eDonkey, etc.
IMPACT:
•Practically all music available for free, instantly
•Erosion of label control over distribution
•DECREASE in sound quality (see MP3)
•Disruption of recording industry business models
•Record industry begins suing its own customers
•Internet piracy becomes hot-button (or red herring?)
27. Delivery Technologies: Streaming
Apple Computer introduces QuickTime, 1991
RealAudio introduced, 1995
Yahoo buys Broadcast.com for $5 Billion, 1999
DPRA establishes performance rights for sound recordings, 1995
CARP negotiation -> streaming royalties, 2002
IMPACT:
•Immediate unplugging of most streams
•RIAA spin-off SoundExchange becomes collector of a new
private “tax”
28. Delivery Technologies: Issues
Ownership called into question
Music consumers demonized as “pirates” - a generation
criminalized
Opens the doorway for taxing ISPs, other computer
products/services
Along with anti-terrorism, anti-piracy efforts risk establishing a
police state
29. Delivery Technologies: Trends
Digital Rights Management (DRM) cornerstone of for-profit
online music businesses
Labels segue from CD business to marketing/management
DVDs, Merch, personal appearances, licensing are main products
Pre-recorded music -> a loss leader
P2P -> entrenched distribution venue
30. Delivery Technologies: Trends
Courts rejecting mass-John Doe suits
Grokster decision legitimizes P2P apps
Labels now willing to sell into P2P
Snocap, WurldMedia
Licensed music services gaining traction
CD sales rebounding slightly
Music industry will co-opt P2P over time