Southeast Asia is a subregion most known to the world for its tropical vacation destinations and exotic foods, but not its music industry. ‘ASEAN’, which stands for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is often used interchangeably with ‘Southeast Asia’ in the spoken language of people in the region. There are currently 10 ASEAN member countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Brunei, Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma), and Laos, with Timor-Leste as an observing member. ASEAN countries all have rich musical cultures, which is mostly seen for its traditional and cultural value. However, its thriving local music scenes consist of all imaginable modern music genres and sub-genres that is virtually invisible to the world.

1. Overview of Southeast Asian
Music Landscape
Focusing on penetrating the local music
markets
By: Version
1.6
Piyapong Muenprasertdee
Co-founder & Director of Educational, Governmental and Overseas Partnership
Fungjai Co., Ltd. (Thailand)
Date:
22 JUL 2021

2. • ‘ASEAN’, which stands for the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations, is often used
interchangeably with ‘Southeast Asia’ in the
spoken language of people in the region.
• There are currently 10 ASEAN member
countries:
• Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia,
Philippines, Vietnam, Brunei, Cambodia,
Myanmar (Burma), and Laos.
What is ASEAN?

3. • Southeast Asia is a subregion most known to
the world for its tropical vacation destinations
and exotic foods, but not its music industry.
• ASEAN countries all have rich musical cultures,
which is mostly seen for its traditional and
cultural value. However, its thriving local
music scenes consist of all imaginable modern
music genres and sub-genres that is virtually
invisible to the world.
Pictured above, Senyawa - Indonesian avant-garde musical duo who have successfully toured Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy and Poland - to name a few.
ASEAN = Southeast Asia

4. 1. General Information

5. 1) ASEAN stands for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations with 10 member states, i.e. Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore,
Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Brunei, Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma) and Laos. As a combined region, it ranks 3rd in the
top largest markets following China and India, and 4th in the top largest economies following the US, EU, China and Japan.
2) ASEAN’s total GDP is worth US$ 9.34 trillion in 2019 and has a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.2% per year
between 2010-2020.
3) The top 3 countries with highest GDP are Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia, while the ones with largest populations are
Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam respectively.
4) The 2 most affluent populations are of Singapore and Brunei although their population are rather small compared to other
countries.
• Singapore is considered to be the only developed country in the region.
• Brunei’s riches come from petroleum exports.
5) ASEAN’s literacy rate, technology adoption rate and attitude towards technology is relatively high, making it easier to
penetrate the market.
Summary: General Information

6. 1) ASEAN Market Size (Population) & Economy (GDP) compared to the World
Sources:
1) WorldBank.org https://data.worldbank.org/; Europa.eu https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/figures/living_en
2) ASEANup.com https://aseanup.com/asean-infographics-population-market-economy/
Population
(millions)
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
China India ASEAN EU USA Japan
127
326
508
643
1,339
1,386
Nominal
GDP
(US$
trillions)
5
10
15
20
USA EU China Japan ASEAN India
2.264
2.555
4.939
11.199
16.398
18.569
ASEAN compared with world’s top 5
largest markets (2017)
ASEAN economy compared with world’s
top 5 largest economies (2016)

7. 2) GDP Size and Growth of ASEAN Countries
Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/796245/gdp-of-the-asean-countries/
Remark: CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate
GDP
(US$
trillions)
2
4
6
8
10
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020e
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia
Philippines
Vietnam
Singapore
Myanmar
Cambodia
Laos
Brunei
GDP
(US$
trillions)
2
4
6
8
10
CAGR
(%)
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
ASEAN
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia
Philippines
Vietnam
Singapore
Myanmar
Cambodia
Laos
Brunei
CAGR (2010-2020) 2020
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.37
0.58
1.04
1.04
1.06
1.29
3.78
9.33
2.0%
8.2%
8.0%
8.0%
4.7%
7.9%
7.3%
6.1%
3.8%
6.6%
6.2%
2.0%
8.2%
8.0%
8.0%
4.7%
7.9%
7.3%
6.1%
3.8%
6.6%
6.2%
GDP of ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2020e
Expected GDP of ASEAN countries (2020e)
and CAGR of each country’s GDP between 2010-2020e

8. 3) GDP vs. Population by Country in ASEAN
Sources:
1) Statista, GDP of the ASEAN countries https://www.statista.com/statistics/796245/gdp-of-the-asean-countries/; http://statisticstimes.com/economy/countries-by-projected-gdp.php
2) Statista - Total population of the ASEAN countries from 2008 to 2018 https://www.statista.com/statistics/796222/total-population-of-the-asean-countries/
Population
(millions)
(2018)
100
200
300
400
500
GDP
(US$
billions)
(2018)
400
800
1,200
Indonesia Thailand Malaysia Singapore Philippines Vietnam Myanmar Cambodia Laos Brunei
GDP (US$ billions) (2018)
Population (millions) (2018)
0.43
6.78
16.25
52.83
94.58
107.41
5.66
32.47
69.18
265.32
14.7
18.23
24.14
71.54
241.43
331.68
346.62
347.29
490.12
1,005.27
14.7
18.23
24.14
71.54
241.43
331.68
346.62
347.29
490.12
1,005.27

9. 4) GDP, Population & GDP per Capita by ASEAN Country (2018)
Sources:
1) Statista, GDP of the ASEAN countries https://www.statista.com/statistics/796245/gdp-of-the-asean-countries/; http://statisticstimes.com/economy/countries-by-projected-gdp.php
2) Statista - Total population of the ASEAN countries from 2008 to 2018 https://www.statista.com/statistics/796222/total-population-of-the-asean-countries/
GDP/capita
(US$)
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
GDP (US$ billions)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200
Indonesia

10. Philippines
Indonesia
Thailand
Singapore
Vietnam
Malaysia
25% 50% 75% 100%
61%
61%
62%
68%
71%
74%
% of population who believe new technologies
offer more opportunities than risks (JAN 2018)
Literacy rates of females and males in regions
around the world (JAN 2018)

11. 2. Music Industry

12. Remark:
Left - Data from Live Music Sector: Worldwide Forecast until 2021 by TechNavio.com, except ASEAN data from https://www.statista.com/outlook/273/101/music-events/ (used 2019 data due to lack of 2017 data);
Right - Data from IFPI Global Music Report 2018 with ASEAN represented by top 5 markets only due to lack of data.
Live vs. Recorded Music Revenue by Region
ASEAN
0.9%
APAC (excl. ASEAN)
19.7%
EMEA
35.6%
Americas
43.7%
ASEAN
0.8%
APAC (excl. ASEAN)
24.7%
EMEA
33.6%
Americas
40.9%
Global Recorded Music Revenue by Region (2017)
Global Live Music Revenue by Region (2017)
Total = US$ 23.49 billion Total = US$ 17.27 billion
• ASEAN’s music market is very
small compared to the world,
but nonetheless a sizable and
growing market.
• ASEAN Live Music Revenue
= US$ 219.29 million
(2019)
• ASEAN Recorded Music
Revenue
= US$ 143 million (2017)

13. • The information on the total market size of
Southeast Asia is not available, but could be
generally understood from seeing the numbers of
the top 5 largest music markets, namely:
Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines and
Malaysia respectively.
• In general, the live music sector is larger
compared to the recorded music sector,
except for Indonesia and Malaysia, which may
have restrictions possible due to the majority
of the population being Muslim who are more
conservative compared to other countries.
Remarks: Recorded music market size for 2019 calculated from extrapolating data of 2013-2017 in IFPI Global Music Report 2018. Live music market size calculated and estimated from https://www.statista.com/
outlook/273/101/music-events/.
Live vs. Recorded Music Revenue by Sector: Top 5 ASEAN markets (2019)
US$
millions
20
40
60
80
100
Indonesia Thailand Singapore Philippines Malaysia
22.42
40.63
51.64
68.63
35.97
29.30
26.72
25.58
23.21
62.77
Recorded
Live
Live
57%
Recorded
43%
Sum = US$ 386.86 million

14. 2.1 Recorded Music
Industry

15. 1) The combined revenue of ASEAN’s top 5 recorded music markets is about US$ 143.47 million. Digital is the fastest
growing segment at 18.1% per year CAGR between 2013-2017, while physical has shrunk the most at -34.4% per year
CAGR between 2013-2017.
2) Music streaming looks promising in ASEAN with expected increases in both revenue and user penetration with Indonesia
leading in revenue at US$ 108 million (2023) and Singapore in user penetration at 64.3% (2023)
3) Although information not currently available for all countries in ASEAN, the music streaming service providers with the
most market share are JOOX and Spotify.
Summary: Recorded Music Industry

16. Data source: IFPI Global Music Report 2018
1) Recorded Music Industry Size & Growth Rate by Segment: Top 5 ASEAN markets (2017)
US$
millions
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
0.94
2.27
2.16
0.78
1.18 17.60
17.26
16.84
18.13
16.74
115.63
100.60
82.09
63.16
59.37
9.30
15.24
29.32
38.10
50.23
Physical
Digital
Performance Rights
Synchronisation
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
-81%
-70%
-42%
-24%
0%
95%
69%
38%
6%
0%
5%
3%
1%
8%
0%
-20%
93%
83%
-34%
0%
13%
6%
2%
-6%
0%
TOTAL
Synchronisation
Performance Rights
Digital
Physical
Recorded Music Industry Size by Segment of Top 5
ASEAN Markets Combined (2013-2017)
Recorded Music Industry Growth Rate by Segment of
Top 5 ASEAN Markets Combined (2013-2017)

17. Data sources: https://www.statista.com/outlook/209/120/music-streaming/indonesia, https://www.statista.com/outlook/209/122/music-streaming/malaysia, https://www.statista.com/outlook/209/123/music-streaming/
philippines, https://www.statista.com/outlook/209/124/music-streaming/singapore, https://www.statista.com/outlook/209/126/music-streaming/thailand, https://www.statista.com/outlook/209/127/music-streaming/vietnam
Forecasted Music Streaming Revenue and User Penetration Rate: Top 6 ASEAN markets
US$
millions
20
40
60
80
100
Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
22
49
28
41
31
108
19
40
22
30
26
94
2018 2023
Forecasted Music Streaming Revenue
User
penetration
rate
20%
40%
60%
Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
14.7%
20.4%
64.3%
10.3%
19.5%
10.4% 14.0%
15.4%
26.0%
8.9%
13.4%
9.6%
2018 2023
+2.9% CAGR
+3.9% CAGR
+6.1% CAGR
+5.3% CAGR
+3.8% CAGR
+3.0% CAGR
Forecasted Music Streaming User Penetration Rate

18. Most Used Music Streaming Apps in Indonesia (2016), Malaysia (2016) & Thailand (2018)
Data source: Indonesia & Malaysia from McKinsey.com, The rise of music streaming in Asia https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/media%20and%20entertainment/our%20insights/digital%20musics%20asian%20beat/
the-rise-of-music-streaming-in-asia.ashx#page=10; Thailand data collected by Believe Digital Thailand was from approximated numbers given by music streaming providers operating in Thailand during the 1st quarter of 2018.
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
JOOX
Spotify
Apple Music
Soundcloud
Musixmatch
Langitmusik
JOOX
Spotify
Apple Music
Soundcloud
Musixmatch
Langitmusik
JOOX
Spotify
Apple Music
Soundcloud
Musixmatch
Langitmusik
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
0%
10.1%
13.3%
12%
11.8%
10.2%
29%
11.6%
0%
18%
34.8%
9.8%
47%
46.1%
34.7%
Most used music streaming apps in 3 ASEAN countries: Indonesia (2016), Malaysia (2016), Thailand (2018)

19. 2.2 Music Event
Industry

20. 1) ASEAN’s music event industry size is about US$ 270 million, which is only 1.4% of the total global market (2019);
however, it has much room to grow and is expected to grow at a rate higher than the global and Asian average, which is
13.7%, 9.8% and 9.6% respectively between 2019-2024 (calculations accounted for the COVID-19 pandemic already).
2) The COVID-19 pandemic has highly affected the music event industry world wide; however, it is expected to bounce
back by 2021 and grow at a rate of 45.45% per year CAGR from 2020 till 2024.
3) The top 3 largest music event markets in ASEAN are Thailand, Singapore and Philippines with growth rates between
2019-2024 estimated at 13.6%, 11.5% and 16.7% respectively.
4) Thailand, Singapore and Philippines are also the countries with the highest expected average revenue per user (ARPU) or
money spent on music events per person per year in 2024 at US$ 42.57, US$ 77.82 and US$ 28.58 respectively.
Summary: Music Event Industry
Source: https://www.statista.com/outlook/273/101/music-events/
Remark: CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate

21. 1) Music Event Industry Size & Growth Rate: Global, Asia & ASEAN
Source: Calculated and estimated from https://www.statista.com/outlook/273/101/music-events/, https://www.statista.com/outlook/273/100/music-events/worldwide, https://www.statista.com/outlook/273/101/music-events/asia#market-globalRevenue
Remark: Estimations already took COVID-19 affects into account for year 2020.
Revenue
(US$
millions)
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
CAGR
(%)
3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
Global Asia ASEAN
CAGR (2019-2024) 2019 2024
512
3,794
30,129
270
2,405
18,915
13.7%
9.6%
9.8%
13.7%
9.6%
9.8%
ASEAN
1.4%
Other Asia
11.3%
Other Global
87.3%
Global Music Event Industry
= US$ 18.9 billion (2019)
Music Event Industry Size & Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
of Global, Asia & ASEAN

22. Live Music Industry Revenue Worldwide (2014-2023)
Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1096424/live-music-industry-revenue-worldwide/
Revenue
(US$
billions)
8
16
24
32
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019* 2020* 2021* 2022* 2023*
31.49
30.61
29.71
28.83
27.95
27.02
26.05
25.28
24.72
24.15

23. 2) Music Event Industry Size (Revenue) & Goers (Users): ASEAN Countries
Sources: Calculated and estimated from https://www.statista.com/outlook/273/101/music-events/, https://www.statista.com/statistics/796222/total-population-of-the-asean-countries/
Remark: Estimations already took COVID-19 affects into account for year 2020, as could be seen in significant drop in numbers.
Revenue
(US$
millions)
100
200
300
400
500
600
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Number
of
users
(millions)
5
10
15
20
25
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Brunei
Cambodia
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Estimated Music Event Revenue (2019-2024) Estimated Number of Music Event Goers (2019-2024)

24. 3) Music Event Industry Size & Growth Rate: ASEAN Countries
Sources: Calculated and estimated from https://www.statista.com/outlook/273/101/music-events/, https://www.statista.com/statistics/796222/total-population-of-the-asean-countries/ Remark: Estimations already
took COVID-19 affects into account for year 2020.
Revenue
(US$
millions)
100
200
300
400
500
600
CAGR
(%)
3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
18%
ASEAN Thailand Singapore Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Vietnam Myanmar Cambodia Laos Brunei
CAGR (2019-2024) 2019 2024
0.4
2.0
23.0
29.0
41.0
44.0
66.0
88.0
89.0
130.0
512.4
0.2
0.9
11.4
16.2
21.5
22.4
36.0
40.6
51.6
68.6
269.6
11.6%
16.8%
15.1%
12.3%
13.8%
14.4%
12.9%
16.7%
11.5%
13.6%
13.7%
11.6%
16.8%
15.1%
12.3%
13.8%
14.4%
12.9%
16.7%
11.5%
13.6%
13.7%
Music Event Industry Size (US$ millions) & Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of ASEAN Countries

25. 4) Music Event Goers (X = Users), Industry Size (Y = Revenue) & Average
Revenue Per User (Bubble Size = ARPU): ASEAN Countries
Sources: Calculated and estimated from https://www.statista.com/outlook/273/101/music-events/
Remark: Estimations already took COVID-19 affects into account for year 2020.
Revenue
(US$
millions)
10
20
30
Users (million)
0.5 1 1.5 2
Vietnam

27. 1) Countries where the majority of the population are Muslim, like Indonesia and Malaysia, tend to be more conservative
and against modern westernized cultures, opposite from other religious populations like Christian and Buddhist who are
more receptive. However, this problem mostly exists in rural areas.
2) All countries except Thailand were colonized until recent history, which have affected the local culture, politics and
languages spoken. For example:
• Singapore was colonized by the British, and also because of being the most important trading ports in the region, its
population is mixed-race and speak English as the official language.
• Philippines was colonized by the US, and because of their positive relationship, the majority of Filipinos speak English
and are open to Western culture.
Summary: Parameters Influencing Local Cultures Affecting Music Consumption

28. 1) Major Cultural Groups are Influenced by Religion and Race
Source:
1) https://slideplayer.com/slide/7482168/
2) https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/analytics/the-chinese-diaspora-in-southeast-asia-gains-and-losses/
3) http://www2.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/geogres/maps/segif/?C=S;O=D
Chinese Migration Influx

29. Examples of some problems from extreme conservative groups
Sources:
1) YouTube.com, Noisey, Punk Rock vs Sharia Law – Music World – Episode 5, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Sbne-qCNzU
2) The Strangers Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/majelisthestrangers/
3) Gwen Stefani live in Malaysia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qazv8r_K7GQ, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/02/AR2007080201123.html?noredirect=on
From left to right:
1) Sharia law authorities in Aceh, Indonesia cracking down on local punk communities.
2) ‘The Strangers’ is an anti-music extremist group in Indonesia.
3) After a protest by Muslim students, Gwen Stefani was not allowed to wear revealing costumes and not act offensively towards local sensitivities in her concert
in Malaysia. She was ordered to be covered from her shoulders to her knees and was banned from jumping, shouting or throwing objects on stage or at the
audience, which she was monitored by the Malaysian government’s Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage enforcement officers (Washington Post, 2007)

30. 2) European Colonization
Sources:
1) MSBirchHistory https://msbirchhistory.wordpress.com/2015/02/05/colonization-in-southeast-asia/
2) CIA World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
Country Independence Declaration Date From Country
Brunei 1 January 1984 UK
Cambodia 9 November 1953 France
Indonesia 17 August 1945 Netherlands
Laos 19 July 1949 France
Malaysia 31 August 1957 UK
Myanmar 4 January 1948 UK
Philippines 4 July 1946 US
Singapore 9 August 1965 Malaysian Federation
Thailand Never colonized Never colonized
Vietnam 2 September 1945 France
Map of European colonies in the 19th century A.D.
Independence declaration dates and former
colonizers of each ASEAN country

31. Official/National and Other Spoken Languages
Sources:
1) Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Asia
2) NationsOnline.org https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/asian_languages.htm
Languages
Countries
Official and national
languages
Other spoken languages
Brunei Malay, English Chinese
Cambodia Khmer (95% of population) Some French is still spoken, English increasingly popular as a second
language
Indonesia Bahasa Indonesia (official
modified form of Malay)
English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is
Javanese
Laos Lao Thai, French, English, and various ethnic languages
Malaysia Bahasa Melayu (Malay) English, Chinese dialects, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, and Thai
Myanmar Burmese Some English is spoken in tourist destinations, with 135 minority ethnic
groups having their own languages
Philippines Filipino (based on Tagalog)
and English
Major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol,
Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
Singapore English Chinese, Malay, Tamil
Thailand Thai English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
Vietnam Vietnamese English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French,
Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and
Malayo-Polynesian)
Southeast Asian local language families Official/national and other spoken languages
Remark
• Some official and spoken languages in each country are the result of colonial era origins.

32. • The languages spoken by locals and also the country’s
colonial history have affected the market shares
between international and domestic labels, which could
be estimated using a simple 80/20 rule:
• Countries with English as the official language
generally have had good relations with the west, so
international labels e.g. Universal, Warner and Sony
claim around 80% market share. Those countries
are Singapore and the Philippines.
• On the contrary, countries with populations that
prefer national and/or local languages would have
domestic labels claiming around 80% of the
market, e.g. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc.
Remark: As there is no public information about the market share between international and domestic labels, this general estimation was proposed by an industry veteran.
International vs. Domestic Music Label Market Share

33. 4. Climate & Weather
vs. Music Festival
Seasons

34. 1) The main climate category in Southeast Asia is tropical rain forest, which means rain throughout most of the year. However, there are dry and cool
periods during the year that are ideal for outdoor music events.
2) The region can be split into 2 large climate zones, i.e. Northwest and Southeast, which have opposite wet/dry seasons.
• The Southeast zone’s dry season corresponds with the summer/autumn seasons in the norther hemisphere’s temperate climate zone, which is
peak season for outdoor music festivals.
• The Northwest zone’s dry season corresponds with the summer/autumn seasons in Australia, which is peak season for outdoor music festivals.
3) Traveling by air is convenient and relatively cheap. ASEAN is also situated close several large music festival touring regions, which means more
destinations can be added to a leg of an international tour.
4) Tour planning examples:
• During US/Europe summer music festival season (June-September), continue the tour from East Asia (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan) to Southeast
Asia’s Southeast climate zone (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia), and tour indoor venues in the Northwest climate zone (Thailand, Vietnam,
Philippines) and also Hong Kong.
• During Australian summer music festival season (October-February), continue the tour from Australia and New Zealand to Southeast Asia’s
Northwest climate zone (Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines) and also Hong Kong, and tour indoor venues in the Southeast climate zone (Singapore,
Malaysia, Indonesia).
5) There are many large cities with high population in the region where can be considered target markets for western music artists.
Summary: Climate & Weather vs. Music Festival Seasons

35. 1) Southeast Asia Map of Köppen Climate Classification
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia#/media/File:Southeast_Asia_map_of_Köppen_climate_classification.svg, https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/
• Mostly tropical climatic zones:
• Hot summers
• Wet due to Monsoon
• Tropical savannah areas have
dry winters
• Has areas in both north and south
of equator:
• Opposite wet/dry seasons
Equator

36. Global Temperature & Precipitation vs. Time of Year
Source: https://climatereanalyzer.org/clim/animations/

37. Temperature vs. Time of Year
Source: https://climatereanalyzer.org/clim/animations/

38. Precipitation vs. Time of Year
Source: https://climatereanalyzer.org/clim/animations/

39. 2) Climate Zones & Seasons
Source: https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JCLI-3257.1
Dry
Cool/Dry
Wet
Hot/Dry
Wet
Wet
Hot/Dry
Hot/Dry
Wet
Hot/Dry
Cool/Dry
Climate Zone Northwest Southeast
Period of Year
Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, Myanmar,
northern Thailand and
northern Philippines
Southern Thailand,
Malaysia, Brunei,
Singapore, Indonesia and
southern Philippines
June – August Monsoon/wet season Dry/hot season
September – November
End of wet season –
beginning of cool/dry
season
End of dry/hot season –
beginning of wet season
December – February Cool/dry season Monsoon/wet season
March – May Dry/hot season
End of wet season –
beginning of dry/hot season

40. Northwest vs. Southeast Climate Zones & Major Music Festivals:
Source: https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JCLI-3257.1
Dry
Cool/Dry
Wet
Hot/Dry
Wet
Wet
Hot/Dry
Hot/Dry
Climate
Zone
Period of
Year
Northwest Southeast
Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, Myanmar,
northern Thailand and
northern Philippines
Southern Thailand,
Malaysia, Brunei,
Singapore, Indonesia and
southern Philippines
March –
May
Dry/hot season End of wet season –
beginning of dry/hot
season
-S2O (TH)
-Wanderland Music and
Arts Fes
ti
val (PH)
-Rakrakan Fes
ti
val (PH)
-Java Jazz Fes
ti
val (ID)
-Urbanscapes (MY)
-Wanderland (PH)
Climate
Zone
Period of
Year
Northwest Southeast
Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, Myanmar,
northern Thailand and
northern Philippines
Southern Thailand,
Malaysia, Brunei,
Singapore, Indonesia and
southern Philippines
December
– February
Cool/dry season Monsoon/wet season
-Big Mountain Music
Fes
ti
val (TH)
-Wonderfruit (TH)
-Season of Love Song
(TH)
-Overcoat (TH)
-Yappah (TH)
-Epizode (VT)
-Laneway (SG)
Climate
Zone
Period of
Year
Northwest Southeast
Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, Myanmar,
northern Thailand and
northern Philippines
Southern Thailand,
Malaysia, Brunei,
Singapore, Indonesia and
southern Philippines
June –
August
Monsoon/wet season Dry/hot season
- -Lio Beach Fes
ti
val (PH)
-Ultra Singapore (SG)
-Bay Beats (SG)
-We The Fest (ID)
-Sunny Side Up Tropical
Fes
ti
val (ID)
-Hammersonic Fest (ID)
-Good Vibes Fes
ti
val (MY)
Climate
Zone
Period of
Year
Northwest Southeast
Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, Myanmar,
northern Thailand and
northern Philippines
Southern Thailand,
Malaysia, Brunei,
Singapore, Indonesia and
southern Philippines
September
–
November
End of wet season –
beginning of cool/dry
season
End of dry/hot season –
beginning of wet season
-Monsoon Music Fes
ti
val
(VT)
-Maho Rasop (TH)
-Cat Expo (TH)
- Bangkok Music City
(TH)
-All Of The Noise (PH)
-Formula 1 Concert (SG)
-RRRecfest (ID)
-Bes
ti
val (ID)
-Synchronize Fest (ID)
-Soundrenaline (ID)
-Neon Lights (SG)
Wet
Hot/Dry
Cool/Dry

41. • Southeast Asia includes territories situated on the
main Asian continent as well as in the Pacific ocean, so
it is best to travel by air than by land or water. It is
also relatively cheap due to the availability of local and
regional low-cost airlines.
• Flight times between the farthest main cities are
no more than 5 hours.
• Nearby large music markets:
• North: China
• Northeast: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan
• South: Australia, New Zealand
• West: India
3) Geographical Location

42. 4) Music Festival Seasons Around the World
North
America
South
America
Europe
North
Africa &
Middle
East
Central &
South
Africa
Australia East Asia SE Asia
Jan
Northwest
zone
Feb
Mar
North
zone
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Southeast
zone
Aug
Sep
South
zone
Oct
Nov
Northwest
zone
Dec
Northwest
Southeast

43. Festival Months by Region
MAR APR MAY
JUN JUL AUG
SEP NOV DEC
JAN FEB
NOV DEC
JAN FEB
OCT
JUN JUL
AUG SEP
JUN JUL
AUG SEP
MAR
APR MAY
JAN FEB
OCT
AUG SEP
JUN
APR MAY
OCT
AUG SEP
JUN JUL AUG
MAR APR
FEB
OCT
SEP
AUG

44. 500 km
500
km
7
0
7
k
m
Brunei
Phnom Penh
Vientiane
Yangon
Manila
5) ASEAN Countries’ Largest Cities with Map plotted on a Distance Grid with with Population
Largest Cities/Areas Population Country Population
(millions)
1 Manila 23,371,436 Philippines 107.41
2 Jakarta 9,586,705 Indonesia 265.32
3 Bangkok 8,305,218 Thailand 69.18
4 Ho Chi Minh 7,021,000 Vietnam 94.58
5 Kuala Lumpur 4,815,400 Malaysia 32.47
6 Yangon 4,728,524 Myanmar 52.83
7 Phnum Penh 1,242,992 Cambodia 16.25
8 North-East Region 921,940 Singapore 5.66
9 Vientiane 620,157 Laos 6.78
10 Bandar Seri Begawan 202,715 Brunei 0.43
Source: https://www.citypopulation.de/en/

45. Population (millions) vs. Land Area (1,000 sq.km.) by ASEAN Country
Sources:
1) Estimated population of ASEAN countries in 2021 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/796222/total-population-of-the-asean-countries/ (data captured on 22 JUL 2021)
2) Estimated land area of ASEAN countries in 2018 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1011862/asean-land-surface-country/ (data captured on 22 JUL 2021)
Land
Area
(1,000
sq.km.)
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Population
(millions)
100
200
300
400
Indonesia Myanmar Thailand Vietnam Malaysia Philippines Laos Cambodia Brunei Singapore
0.72
5.77
181.04
236.8
300
330.8
330.97
513.12
676.59
1,910.93
5.84
0.46
15.84
7.37
110.43
33.36
98.32
69.95
53.55
272.25
5.84
0.46
15.84
7.37
110.43
33.36
98.32
69.95
53.55
272.25
Population (2021) vs. Land Area (2018)

46. Sources: Hootsuite, 2018, Global overview https://www.slideshare.net/wearesocial/digital-in-2018-global-overview-86860338, Hootsuite, 2018, Southeast Asia part 1 & 2 https://www.slideshare.net/wearesocial/digital-
in-2018-in-southeast-asia-part-1-northwest-86866386, https://www.slideshare.net/wearesocial/digital-in-2018-in-southeast-asia-part-2-southeast-86866464
Rate of Urbanization
Singapore
Brunei
Malaysia
Indonesia
Global avg.
Thailand
ASEAN avg.
Philippines
Laos
Myanmar
Vietnam
Cambodia
Rate of urbanization (%)
25% 50% 75% 100%
21%
35%
36%
41%
44%
49%
53%
55%
56%
76%
78%
100%
Rate of Urbanization (JAN 2018)

47. © Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/Indonesia-MU.html
Symbol Population
≥ 1 inh.
≥ 1,000 inh.
≥ 5,000 inh.
© Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/philippines/cities/
Symbol Population
≥ 1 inh.
≥ 1,000 inh.
≥ 5,000 inh.
≥ 10,000 inh.
≥ 20,000 inh.
≥ 50,000 inh.
≥ 100,000 inh.
≥ 250,000 inh.
≥ 500,000 inh.
≥ 1,000,000 inh.
≥ 5,000,000 inh.
undefined
© Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/malaysia/cities/
© Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/thailand/cities/
© Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/vietnam/cities/

48. Source: Places with at least 1,000 inhabitants https://www.citypopulation.de/en/brunei/cities/
Brunei: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank Districts Capital Population
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan 442,400
1 Brunei Muara Bandar Seri Begawan 307,000
2 Belait Kuala Belait 73,200
3 Tutong Tutong 51,300
4 Temburong Bangar 10,900

49. Source: Cities, Urban Areas & Urban Communes https://www.citypopulation.de/en/cambodia/cities/
Cambodia: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank Cities, Urban Areas &
Urban Communes
Population
Cambodia 15,288,489
1 Phnum Pénh 1,242,992
2 Siĕm Réab 168,662
3 Băt Dâmbâng 140,533
4 Paôy Pêt 89,549
5 Preăh Seihânŭ 89,447
6 Sisŏphŏn 83,755
7 Ta Khmau 80,141

50. Symbol Population
≥ 1 inh.
≥ 1,000 inh.
≥ 5,000 inh.
≥ 10,000 inh.
≥ 20,000 inh.
≥ 50,000 inh.
≥ 100,000 inh.
≥ 250,000 inh.
≥ 500,000 inh.
≥ 1,000,000 inh.
≥ 5,000,000 inh.
undefined
© Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/Indonesia-MU.html
Source: Urban Areas with at least 75,000 inhabitants https://www.citypopulation.de/Indonesia-CU.html
Indonesia: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank Urban Areas Population (2010)
Indonesia 266,911,900
1 Jakarta 9,586,705
2 Surabaya 2,765,487
3 Bandung 2,394,873
4 Bekasi 2,334,871
5 Medan 2,097,610
6 Tangerang 1,798,601
7 Depok 1,738,570
8 Semarang 1,520,481
9 Palembang 1,440,678
10 Makassar 1,331,391
11 Tangerang Selatan 1,290,322

51. Source: Cities and urban localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants https://www.citypopulation.de/en/laos/cities/
Laos: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank Cities and urban
localities
Population
Laos 7,123,200
1 Viengchan (Vientiane) 620,157
2 Savannakhet 91,684
3 Pakxe 68,093
4 Luangprabang 66,781
5 Phonsavan 48,643
6 Thakhek 38,388
7 Oudomxay 35,289
8 Phiang 34,442
9 Xayabury 31,482
10 Phonhong 30,805

52. Symbol Population
≥ 1 inh.
≥ 1,000 inh.
≥ 5,000 inh.
≥ 10,000 inh.
≥ 20,000 inh.
≥ 50,000 inh.
≥ 100,000 inh.
≥ 250,000 inh.
≥ 500,000 inh.
≥ 1,000,000 inh.
≥ 5,000,000 inh.
undefined
© Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/malaysia/cities/
Source: Urban Areas with at least 10,000 inhabitants https://www.citypopulation.de/en/malaysia/cities/
Malaysia: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank Urban Areas Population
Malaysia 32,581,400
1 Kuala Lumpur 4,815,400
2 George Town 1,266,800
3 Johor Bahru 1,013,000
4 Ipoh 608,100
5 Kota Kinabalu 437,800
6 Kuching 432,500
7 Melaka 395,500
8 Kuantan 317,000
9 Sandakan 276,800
10 Kuala Terengganu 272,500
11 Kota Bharu 269,900
12 Alor Setar 252,900

53. Source: Cities and towns with more than 20,000 inhabitants https://www.citypopulation.de/Myanmar-Cities.html
Myanmar: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank Cities and Towns Population
Myanmar 54,101,253
1 Yangon 4,728,524
2 Mandalay 1,225,546
3 Naypyitaw 333,506
4 Taunggyi 264,804
5 Bago 254,424
6 Mawlamyine 253,734
7 Myitkyina 243,031
8 Monywa 207,489

54. Symbol Population
≥ 1 inh.
≥ 1,000 inh.
≥ 5,000 inh.
© Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/philippines/cities/
Source: Urban agglomerations with more than 50,000 inhabitants https://www.citypopulation.de/en/philippines/cities/
Philippines: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank Cities and Towns Population
Philippines 100,981,437
1 Manila 23,371,436
2 Cebu 2,476,708
3 Davao 1,439,598
4 Angeles 1,332,870
5 Cagayan de Oro 716,057
6 Zamboanga 695,176
7 Bacolod 617,227
8 Iloilo 550,767

55. Source: https://www.citypopulation.de/en/singapore/cities/
Singapore: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank Regions Population
Singapore 5,703,569
1 Central Region 922,980
2 North-East Region 921,940
3 West Region 921,340
4 East Region 686,050
5 North Region 573,950

56. © Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/thailand/cities/
Source: Urban Areas with at least 35,000 inhabitants https://www.citypopulation.de/en/thailand/cities/ua/
Thailand: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank Major Urban Areas Population
Thailand 67,993,000
1 Krung Thep (Bangkok) 8,305,218
2 Samut Prakan 681,000
3 Khon Kaen 416,475
4 Nonthaburi 415,138
5 Hat Yai 392,593
6 Chiang Mai 336,007
7 Chonburi 321,149
8 Pattaya 320,262

57. © Thomas Brinkhoff, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/vietnam/cities/
Source: Cities, towns and communes with more than 20,000 urban inhabitants https://www.citypopulation.de/en/vietnam/cities/
Vietnam: Major Urban Areas & Population
Rank
Cities, towns and
communes
Population
Vietnam 96,208,984
1 Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh 7,021,000
2 Hà Nội 3,471,000
3 Đà Nẵng 988,561
4 Hải Phòng 841,000
5 Biên Hòa 807,000
6 Cần Thơ 804,000