The document discusses consolidating learning resources from various sources using the Attention Profile Markup Language (APML). It reports on a study of how 16 European teachers search for and share content. The study found that teachers use both official education sources (40%) as well as informal user-generated content (60%). It proposes using APML to make more resources discoverable by teachers through a central portal, including user-generated content shared on sites like Delicious.

1. Consolidating collections of learning resources using APML http:// www. eun .org http://melt-project.eu Riina Vuorikari, European Schoolnet

2. How do K12 teachers search for content in Europe? Replies based on 45 European primary and secondary teachers participating the MELT project

3. About 40% official sources

4. About 60% informal sources and user generated content

5. Is there any interplay between official and informal sources of learning content?

6. Should there be? Margaryan& Littlejohn (2008) on barriers: curators’ repository-centric perspective leads to introduction of repositories as stand alone tools to users. However, repositories are not used in isolation! Margaryan, A., & Littlejohn, A.: Repositories and communities at cross-purposes: Issues in sharing and reuse of digital learning resources. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (JCAL), 24(4), 333-347 (2008)

9. How do we know? Exploratory case study on del.icio.us: How do teachers use it? What kind of content is there? From what sources does the content come from?

10. Study specs 16 teachers who have both MELT and del.icio.us account Primary and secondary teachers In science, languages, ICTs Fi, Et, Hu and Be 7 are females and 9 males 1 < 30 years, 8 30-40 years 5 40-50 years, 2 50-60 years

11. Study specs MELT portal profile information: Country Languages spoken Main areas of interest Resources bookmarked and tags Delicious: 100 last bookmarks and tags Number of bookmarks, tags, network

12. Study specs

13. Study specs

14. How do teachers use it? This group seems to be serious about using del.icio.us, median amount of posts was 105 About 60% above median

15. What kind of content? We manually analysed the 50 most used distinct tags – almost all of them were related to education! e.g. teaching, English, esl, efl, history, interactivity, vocabulary Lots of links to interesting resources! but not necessary CC content

16. Why consolidate? Make the MELT portal more central to teachers every day life – make other resources available too! (i.e. web 2.0 fatigue) Make resources available from other sources too, e.g. user generated content, interesting links found via Google...

18. User Labor Markup Language (ULML) User labor is the work that people put in to create, improve, and maintain their existence in social web generating assets (e.g. user profiles, images, videos, blog posts), creating metadata (e.g. tagging, voting, commenting etc.), attracting traffic (e.g. incoming views, comments, favourites) socialising with other people (e.g. number of friends, social influence)

19. Profiling LOR based on users' interest This is my APML file.

21. Got issues? Interoperability of user-generated metadata (e.g. tags, ratings, annotations, …) Data-portability Attention Profile Markup Language (ampl)

22. social bookmarks Metadata LOM tags folksonomy social tagging multi-linguality social classification thanks ! for your attention learning resources user communities discover resources and items questions ? teachers social navigation social traces paths , trails flock