Multidimensional poverty exists not only in low-income countries but also in middle-income countries. Addressing poverty and inequality globally necessitates collective action and cooperation among nations.

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2. Multilateralism
GS2: International Relations

3. About Multilateralism
• Multilateralism is a diplomatic approach in
international relations where multiple countries
collaborate to address common challenges or
achieve shared objectives.
• It involves the participation of three or more
countries and often includes engagement from
other actors, such as civil society or the private
sector.
• Multilateralism is built on foundational principles
like consultation, inclusivity, and solidarity.

4. Key multilateral organizationsthat play a
significant role
• United Nations (UN): Established in October 1945, the UN
comprises 193 member states and is dedicated to addressing a
wide range of global problems.
• World Health Organization (WHO): Founded in April 1948,
WHO operates on the premise that health is a fundamental
human right.
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD): Established in 1961, OECD succeeds the Organisation
for European Economic Co-operation and is a global
organization dedicated to shaping policies that promote
prosperity, equal opportunities, and overall well-being for all.

5. key reasonswhy multilateralism is crucial:
• Global Challenges: Contemporary global issues like climate change, poverty, inequality, and
migration transcend borders, demanding coordinated global solutions.
• Climate Change and Migration:Climate change is expected to drive migration in regions like
Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia, requiring multilateral efforts for effective
management.
• Emerging Threats: Rising threats, including natural disasters, terrorism, cyber warfare, and
health pandemics, necessitate multilateral collaboration for preparedness and response.
• Poverty and Inequality: Poverty and inequality persist in both low-income and middle-income
nations, calling for collective global action.
• Social Inclusion: In regions like South Asia, a substantial population faces poverty and social
exclusion, which can be addressed through multilateral initiatives.
• Maintaining Peace and Prosperity: Multilateralism, epitomized by organizations like the United
Nations, plays a vital role in upholding global peace and prosperity post-World War II.
• Financial Stability: Multilateral cooperation, exemplified by institutions like the IMF, is crucial in
addressing global financial crises and ensuring international financial stability.

6. Challenges for Multilateralism
• Waning Support: Declining global backing for multilateralism hampers its
effectiveness.
• Growing Chauvinism: Rising nationalism undermines international
cooperation.
• Protectionism: Trade barriers disrupt global trade and economic
collaboration.
• Impact on Developing Countries: The challenges disproportionately affect
vulnerable populations in developing nations.
• Decreased Funding: Mistrust in multilateralism may lead to reduced funding
for critical organizations, limiting their effectiveness.

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