The R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine, a collaborative effort between the University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India, utilizing Novavax’s adjuvant technology, has received a recommendation for usage from the World Health Organization (WHO) based on its compliance with essential safety, quality, and efficacy criteria.
3. Malaria Vaccine
• The subject of "Malaria Vaccine" is covered in this article's
coverage of "Daily Current Affairs". The Science and Technology
segment of the UPSC CSE test has applicability for this topic.
Rishabh has researched and written the article. Additionally,
our faculty has reviewed this article. Click the “ Malaria
Vaccine” link to see the story's original version.
4. R21/Matrix-MMalariaVaccine:
• Collaborative Effort: Developed through collaboration between
the University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India.
• Adjuvant Technology: Utilizes Novavax's adjuvant technology.
• WHO Recommendation: Received a WHO recommendation for
usage due to compliance with safety, quality, and efficacy
criteria.
• Second Malaria Vaccine: Known as the Matrix-M malaria
vaccine, it is the second vaccine ever developed for malaria.
5. • 2021 Statistics: 247 million malaria cases, slightly higher than
2020.
• India Cases (2022): Reported over 45,000 cases.
• Vulnerable Population: Approximately 80% of all malaria deaths in
the WHO African Region affect children under five years of age.
MalariaBurden Worldwide:
6. • Mosquito-Borne Disease: Caused by Plasmodium protozoa and
transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles
mosquitoes.
• Life-Threatening: Malaria is life-threatening and caused by
Plasmodium parasites.
• Disease Progression: Parasites initially multiply in liver cells and
then attack red blood cells (RBCs).
• Parasite Species: Five parasite species cause malaria in humans,
with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax posing the
greatest threat.
AboutMalaria:
7. GlobalInitiatives:
• WHO's 'E-2025 Initiative': Identifies 25 countries with the
potential for malaria eradication by 2025.
• WHO's Global Technical Strategy: Aims to reduce malaria case
incidence and mortality rates significantly by 2030.
• High Burden to High Impact (HBHI) Initiative: Launched in high
malaria burden countries, including India.
8. India's Initiatives:
• Elimination Target: Government aims to eliminate malaria in India
by 2027.
• National Framework: Developed a National Framework for Malaria
Elimination (2016-2030) and a National Strategic Plan for Malaria
Elimination.
• Focus on Elimination: Shifting focus from malaria control to
elimination.
• District-Level Roadmap: Established a roadmap for malaria
elimination in 571 out of India's 678 districts by 2022.
• MERA-India: The Malaria Elimination Research Alliance-India was
formed under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
9.
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