In the 19th century, Palestine was home to a diverse population consisting of approximately 86% Muslims, 10% Christians, and 4% Jews, living together in relative harmony. During the late 1800s, a European group known as Zionists emerged with the objective of establishing a Jewish homeland. They initially considered various locations in Africa and the Americas but ultimately chose Palestine as their destination.

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2. Israel-Palestine Conflict
GS2: International Relations

3. Israel-Palestine Conflict
• The issue of "Israel-Palestine Dispute" is discussed in this
article under "Daily Current Affairs". The UPSC CSE exam's
International Relations portion makes use of this subject. the
article is penned by Rishabh and reviewed by our faculty Dr.
Bijendra Kumar Jha.

4. Israel-PalestineConflict
• In the 19th century, Palestine had a diverse population,
with approximately 86% Muslims, 10% Christians, and 4%
Jews living together harmoniously.
• European Zionists emerged in the late 1800s, aiming to
establish a Jewish homeland. They chose Palestine as their
destination.
• Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany led to increased
Jewish immigration to Palestine, escalating tensions.

5. • Hostilities erupted soon after the UN's 1947 Resolution.
1947-1949War:
• On May 14, 1948, the
British Mandate expired,
and Britain declared the
establishment of a Jewish
State in Eretz-Israel,
leading to the 1948 Arab-
Israeli War.
• Israel occupied 78% of
Palestine by the war's
end.

6. • In the 1967 Six-Day War, Israeli forces launched a
successful attack on Egypt.
• Israel occupied the remaining 22% of Palestine, including
the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
• Parts of Egypt were occupied and later returned, while
some areas in Syria remain under Israeli occupation.
1967War(Six-DayWar):

7. OsloPeaceProcess(1993):
• In 1993, Israeli and Palestinian leaders reached a significant
agreement in Oslo, aiming for a two-state solution to resolve
the conflict.

8. About Hamas:
• Hamas is a major Palestinian militant Islamist organization, governing
over two million Palestinians in Gaza.
• It is designated a terrorist group by multiple countries.
• Founded in the late 1980s during the first intifada, it evolved from the
Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood.
• Hamas emerged due to a sense of failure within the Palestinian national
movement, opposing the PLO's recognition of Israel and shift away from
armed struggle.
• It gained prominence by opposing the Oslo Peace Accords.
• Key conflicts include the deadly 2014 confrontation and the 2021
violence following clashes in Jerusalem's Al Aqsa compound, marked by
rocket attacks from Gaza and Israeli airstrikes, lasting 11 days.

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