Biodentin is a calcium silicate-based dental cement that forms reactionary dentin when used for pulp capping and other endodontic procedures. It has a short setting time of 9-12 minutes and excellent biocompatibility properties. Biodentin bonds mechanically and through ionic exchange with dentin, has superior mechanical properties to other cements, and provides a good seal with antibacterial effects due to the alkaline pH released during setting. Its main advantages are its biocompatibility, short setting time, and versatility for uses such as pulpotomy, apexification, and pulp capping.

2.  INTRODUCTION
 CLASSIFICATION OF ROOT CANAL SEALANTS
 MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE
 CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
 BIODENTIN
 REFERENCES

3.  A sealer plays an important role in the obturation of
root canal .
 A total hermetic seal of the root canal system is
necessary to prevent the ingress of bacteria and
reinfection of the canal
 The sealer also acts as binding agent , to the dentin
and to the core material ,which usually is a gutta-
percha

4. Type Sub-type Commercial examples
A zinc oxide – eugenol
based
• Silver –
containing
[rickert’s
formula
based]
• Grossman’s
formula
based [silver
free]
• Therapeutic
formaldehyde
Lodofor
steroid
• Pulp canal sealer [sybron
endo]
• Wach’s paste , tubliseal [
sybron endo ] , roths , intrafill
[ ss white]
• N2/RC2B , endomethasone,
• Zical [ prevent denpro]
• Endomethasone N [ septodont]
B Resin based bisGMA UDMA
based
Real seal SE [ sybron endo ],
acroseal[septodont],epiphany[pe
ntron] , endo REZ[ultradent]
C Glass ionomer based Ketac-endo[ESPE]

5. TYPE SUB-
TYPE
COMMERCIAL EXAMPLES
D Calcium hydroxide
based
CRS[hygienic ] ,sealapex[sybronendo],
life apexit vitapex
E Silicone based Guttaflow[coltene],
roekoseal[coltene]
F MTA based MTA fillapex [ angelus],endo CMP
sealer [EGEO],pro-root endo sealer
[dentsply]

6. MTA
1. INTRODUCTION
2.INDICATIONS
3.COMMERCIAL NAMES
4.SUPPLIED AS
5.COMPOSITION
6.COMPARISION OF MTA WITH PORTLAND CEMENT
7.MANIPULATION
8. CHEMISTRY AND SETTING REACTION
9.PROPERTIES
10.STORAGE
11.PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES

7. INTRODUCTION:
*First described in modern scientific literature in
1995.
*Developed at Loma Linda university , California ,
USA , by Torabinejad and Dean White
*Portland cement –based endodontic material –
MTA, coined from the three oxides present in
portland cement namely – calcia , silica ,alumina .

8. Indications :
 Vital pulp therapy [ pulp capping , pulpotomy ]
 Apexification
 Perforation repair [lateral and furcation ]
 Root-end filling
 Internal bleaching
 Resorption repair
 As sealer and as obturating material [ partial or complete]

9. Commercial names :
• Gray mineral trioxide aggregate – proroot *MTA
• Many MTA sealer formulations are available currently
- endo CPM sealers
- MTA obtura
- MTA fillapex
- endocem MTA
- proroot endo sealer
Supplied as :
• Powder – liquid form { proroot MTA }
• paste – in plunger tubes as static mixing system
{ MTA fillapex }

10. INGREDIENT FORMULA Wt% FUNCTION
Tricalcium silicate ( CaO)2SiO2 45-75
Dicalcium silicate (CaO)2.SiO2 7-32
Tricalcium
aluminate
(CaO)2.Al2O3 0-13 Initial hydration
Bismuth or
tantalum oxide
Bi2O3 or Ta2O5 20-35 radiopacity
Calcium sulphate
dihydrate
[gypsum]
CaSo4.2H2O 2-10 retarder
Tetracalcium
aluminoferrite
(CaO)4.Al2O3.Fe2O3 0-18 Impart gray color in MTA, absent
in white MTA

11. Comparison of mtawith portlandcement :
MTA PORTLAND CEMENT
Radiopaque fillers present Absent
Tricalcium aluminate present Absent
Tricalcium silicate Lower level Higher level
Calcium sulphate
hemihydrate
Absent present
Particle size fine coarser
Heavy metal content Absent or
minimal
present

12. Manipulation:
P/L RATIO: 1.sealer – creamy consistency
2. perforation repair – putty consistency
Therefore P/L ranges from 4 to 1 or 2 to 1
MANIPULATION:

13. Pro-root
MTA
Endoce
m MTA
biodenti
n
Initial
setting
time
165
minutes
2
minutes
Final
setting
time
4 to 6
hours
4
minutes
9-12
mintues
MIXING TIME : 1 minute
WORKING TIME : 5 minutes
SETTING TIME :

14. Chemistry and setting reaction:
*MTA sets through a hydration reaction when mixed with
water .
• MTA + water calcium hydroxide +
calcium silicate hydrate
• A setting expansion of 0.1% is seen which
contributes to its sealing ability .
• An acidic environment does not interfere with
the setting of MTA .

15. PROPERTIES :
• COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH : compressive strength of
MTA within 24 hours of mixing was about 40.0 MPa
after 21 days.
• SETTING EXPANSION : low setting expansion less
than 0.1 %
• MARGINAL ADAPTATION AND SEALING ABILITY :
MTA thickness of about 4 mm is sufficient to
provide a good seal
• SOLUBILITY : set MTA shows no sign of solubility ,
the solubility might increase if more water is used
during mixing .The set MTA when exposed to water
releases calcium hydroxide, responsible for its
cementogenic property.

16.  ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTY : MTA
is proclaimed as an antibacterial agent only by
virtue of providing a good seal and preventing
micro-leakage
 REACTION WITH OTHER DENTAL MATERIALS : MTA
does not interfere with any other restorative
material . residual calcium hydroxide may
interfere with the adaptation of MTA to dentin
thereby reducing its sealing ability either by acting
as mechanical obstacle or by chemically reacting
with MTA .
 BIOCOMPATIBILITY : On direct contact they produce
minimal or no inflammatory reaction in soft tissues
and they are capable of inducing tissue
regeneration.

17.  MINERALIZATION:MTA proves to be better at
stimulating reparative dentin formation and
maintaining the intergrity of the pulp.
 TISSUE REGENERATION: Capable of activation of
cementoblasts and production of cementum ,
facilitates regeneration of PDL , allows bone healing ,
shows good interaction with bone forming cells
,stimulate interlukin production and cytokine
production in human osteoblast.
 RADIOPACITY : mean radiopacity of MTA is 7.17 mm
of equivalent thickness of aluminium

18. • Powder form of MTA pouches must be kept
tightly closed and stored in dry area to
avoid degradation by moisture .
• Pro-root MTA root repair material must be
placed intraorally immediately after
mixing with the liquid ,to prevent
dehydration during setting .
• Excess water will retard curing process .
• The area should not be irrigated after
placement of the material .

19. PLACEMENT TECHNIQUE:

20. ADVANTAGE :
• Antimicrobial activity
• Microleakage
• Cementoconductive
• Non-toxic
• Non-mutagenic
• Cell adherence and growth
• Alkaline phosphotase / osteocalcin
• Interleukin production
• Periodontal ligament attachment to cementum growth
• Dentinal bridge formation

21. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. USES
3. INDICATION
4. CONTRAINDICATION
5. ADVANTAGE
6. DISADVANTAGE
7. MODE OF SUPPLY
8. VEHICLE FOR MIXING Ca-OH
9. MECHANISM OF ACTION
10. SETTING REACTION
11. CRCS- calciobiotic root canal sealer
12. SEALAPEX
13. APEXIT PLUS

22. INTRODUCTION:
• Ca-OH was introduced to endodontics by herman in 1920
for its pulp-repairing ability
Uses:
• pulp-capping procedures
• As an intracanal medicament
• In some apexification techniques
• Cavity liner and bases
• Root canal sealer
• Prevention and treatment of root resorption
• Repair of perforations
• Treatment of root fracture

23. Why CALCIUMHYDROXIDE USEDAS ROOT FILLING
MATERIAL ?
• Stimulation of the periapical tissues in order to maintain
oral health or promote healing
• For its antimicrobial effects
Indication:
• Exposed pulp should appear red ,slight hemorrhagic
Contraindication :
• Excessive tooth mobility
• Thickening of periodontal ligaments
• Periradicular degeneration
• Uncontrolled hemorrhage at the time of exposure

24. Advantage :
• Initially bactericidal then bacteriostatic
• Promotes healing and repair
• High PH stimulates fibroblast
• Neutralizes low ph of acids
• Stops internal resorption
• Inxpensive and easy to use
Disadvantage :
• Does not exclusively stimulate dentinogenesis
• Does exclusively stimulate reparative dentin
• Associated with primary tooth resorption
• May degrade during acid etching
• Marginal failure with amalgam condensation
• Does not adhere to dentin or resin restoration

25. MODE OF SUPPLY :
• Can be supplied in powder form – powder can be mixed
with distilled water , saline solution to form a thick paste
and applied as such
• Can be supplied as two paste system , one base paste
another catalyst paste
• Can be supplies as single paste 9 visible light )
Vechiles for mixing Ca-OH :
• Distilled water
• saline
• Local anesthetic solution
• Ringers solution
• Chlorhexidine 2 %
• Methylcellulose
• Glycerine

26. Mechanism of action :
• It is antibacterial depending on the availability of free
hydroxyl ions .
• The alkaline ph of Ca-OH neutralizes lactic acid from
osteoclasts and prevents dissolution of mineralized
components of teeth
• It denatures proteins found in the root canal
• Activates the calcium-dependent adenosine
triphosphatase reaction associated with hard tissue
formation.
• It diffuses through dentinal tubules
and may communicate with
the periodontal ligament
space to arrest external root
resorption and accelerate healing

27. Setting reaction :
• The setting time dependent upon the availability of moisture
• The setting reaction can progress very quickly even in
canals which have been inadequately dried
• The amount of moisture required for the setting reaction
reaches the root canal by means of the dentinal tubules .
Crcs { calciobiotic root canal sealers }:
• CRCS is essentially a ZOE / eucalyptol sealer
to which calcium hydroxide has been
added for its osteogenic effect
• It takes 3 days to set fully in
either dry or humid environment
• Show very little water resorption.

28. Seal apex
• Zinc oxide based calcium hydroxide sealer containing
polymeric resin
• Available as two paste system
ADVANTAGES:
• Biocompatible
• Extruded material resorbs in 4 months
• Good therapeutic effect
DISADVANTAGE
• Long setting time
• Absorbs water while setting and expands
• Poor cohensive strength

29. Apexit plus:
*radiopaque , non-shrinking root canal sealer paste that is based on
calcium hydroxide
• Available as two paste system.
• Used for the permanent obturation of root canals
• Suitable for use in conjuctionwith all obturation techniques involving
gutta-percha
WORKING AND SETTING CHARACTERISTICS:
• Long working time [ over 3 hours at room temperature
• Setting time – 3-5 hours in normal canals upto
10 hours in extremely dry canals
ADVANTAGES:
• Excellent tissue tolerance
• Durable sealing of the root canal due to the slight setting expansion
• Convenient application [static mix syringe and intracanal tip]
• Better seal than that provided by sealapex
• Its easy flowing composition allows the material to adapt well even to
morphologically complicated canals.

30. 1. Introduction
2. composition
3. Clinical applications
4. Setting reaction
5. Mechanism of action
6. Properties
7. Advantages

31. Introduction:
• biodentin- calcium silicate based product which became
commercially available in 2009 by septodont and that was
specifically designed as a “ dentine replacement “ material
• Forms reactionary dentin when used in both direct and
indirect pulp capping
Clinical applicants:
1. Pulpotomy
2. Apexification
3. Internal and external resorptions
4. Apical surgery
5. Indirect pulp capping
6. Direct pulp capping
7. Retrograde root end filling
8. Dentin substitute

32. Composition:
• Powder : packaged in capsule [ 0.7 g]
• Liquid : packaged in pipette [0.18 ml]
Tricalcium silicate main core material
Dicalcium silicate Second core materials
Calcium carbonate As oxide filler
Iron oxide Responsible for shade
Zirconium oxide Radiopacifier
Calcium chloride accelerator
Hydrosoluble polymer Water reducing agent ,fast setting
time
water

33. Setting reaction:

34. Mechanism of action :

35. Properties:
• Compressive strength : 297MPa
• Microhardness: It increases over time.
• Bond strength :
Should have sufficient amount of push-out bond strength
With dentinal walls for the prevention of dislodgement from
the repair site. Hence the push –out bond strength increses
with time.
• Adhesion
i) Micromechanical anchor tags
ii) Ion exchange between cement and dentin
Adhesion is greater than Dycal and MTA.

36.  Density and porosity
 Radiopacity : biodentin contains zirconium oxide allowing
identification on radiographs.It is a bioinert material with
favorable mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion
 Discoloration: biodentin has the color stability . It could
serve as an alternative for use under light-cured restorative
material in areas that are esthetically sensitive.

37.  Microleakage: good marginal integrity of biodentin
is due to the ability to form hydroxyapatite crystals
at the surface, these crystals might have the potential
to increase the sealing ability.
 Antibacterial properties: calcium hydroxide ions
released from the cement during setting phase of
biodentin increases ph to 12 9 alkaline medium which
inhinits the growth of micro-organisms and can
disinfect the dentine.
 Wash-out resistance : it is the tendency of freshly
prepared cement paste to disintegrate upon early
contact with fluids such as blood or other fluids
.biodentin has the least wash-out resistance
 Stability in the oral environment :bio-Dentin is not as
stable as a composite Material ,hence they are not
suitable.

38. Advantages :
• High purity
• Highly biocompatible and bioactive
• Short setting time
• Easy material handling
• Versatile
• Superior mechanical properties
• Excellent sealing properties
• Excellent antibacterial properties
Disadvantages :
• material cost
• Delayed setting time
• Technique sensitivity requires operator expertise
• Irreversible application