This document discusses the biocompatibility of dental materials. It defines biocompatibility and the factors that determine whether a material is biocompatible. The document outlines different methods for evaluating biocompatibility, both in vitro and in vivo. It also discusses adverse effects materials can cause, both local and systemic, as well as allergic responses. Specific dental materials are examined, including dental amalgam, resin composites, cast metals, ceramics and latex, noting their biocompatibility and potential adverse effects. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of considering a patient's individual medical history and risk factors when selecting dental materials.

2.  DEFINITION
 NECESSITY FOR BIOCOMPATIBILITY
 FACTORS DETERMINING BIOCOMPATIBILITY
 EVALUATION OF BIOCOMPATIBLITY
 IN VITRO
 ANIMAL INOCULATION
 IN VIVO (HUMAN TRIALS)
 MEASUREMENT OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY
 ACCORDING TO FDA
 ACCORDING TO IDA

3.  ADVERSE EFFECTS
 LOCAL
 SYSTEMIC
 ALLERGIC RESPONSES TO DENTAL MATERIALS
 BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF VARIOUS DENTAL
MATERIALS
 DENTAL AMALGAM
 RESIN BASED COMPOSITE
 CAST METAL
 CERAMIC
 LATEX
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

4.  According to GPT-8, Biocompatibility is
defined as the capability of a dental material
to exist in harmony with the surrounding
biologic environment.

5.  They should not undergo biodegradation.
 They should not sensitize and produce allergic
reactions.
 They should not be carcinogenic.
 They should not contain any diffusible material.
 They should not infringe the underlying soft and
hard tissues.

7.  Chemical nature of the components
 Physical nature of the components
 Types of tissues that are exposed to the
device

8.  Duration of exposure
 Surface characteristics of the material
 The amount and nature of substances eluted
from the material

10.  Compositional analysis
 Surface degradation tests
 Cell culture tests
 Animal model tests
 Clinical Testing in humans

11.  These are a series of
tests done outside an
organism in culture
dishes & test tubes
containing viable
tissue.
TYPES

15.  There are three regulatory classes based on
level of control, risk, necessity to provide
reasonable assurance for safety and
effectiveness.
1. CLASS I : Low risk – General controls
2. CLASS II : Moderate risk – General Controls
and Special controls
3. CLASS III :High Risk – General Controls and
Premarket Approval Application

17.  Burning mouth
 Lichenoid lesions
 Vesicles
 Tissue irritation
ORAL
MUCOSA
LIPS
PERIODONTIUM
 Angular cheilitis
 Aphthous ulcer
PULP
Pulp
irritation
Pulpal
damage

18. Pathways of Entry of
foreign substances
from restorations:
1.OC – Oral Cavity
2.PA – Periapical
tissue
3.PD – Periodontium
4.P- Pulp tissue

20.  Systemic response to a dental material
depends on FOUR KEYS :
1. Concentration of substance
2. Time of exposure
3. Excretion rate of the substance
4. Site of reaction
 Types of reactions:
1. Allergy
2. Inflammation
3. Toxicity
4. Mutagenicity

21.  Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated,
abnormal systemic immune response to a
stimulus in a sensitized individual.
 It is determined by PATCH TESTS with a
dental substance administered in the
cutaneous region.

23.  CONCURENT
ALLERGEN
 Eg: EGDMA & HEMA
 CROSS
ALLERGEN
Eg: Ni-Co-Pd alloy

24. 1. DENTAL AMALGAM
 Most commonly used posterior restorative
material.
 ADVERSE EFFECTS:
 Contact dermatitis to metallic elements
 Lichenoid lesions
 Adverse pulpal response and post operative
sensitivity
 Acute mercury toxicity on inhalation

27. 2. RESIN BASED COMPOSITE
Highly aesthetic restorative material with good
strength.
ADVERSE EFFECTS :
 Contact dermatitis to METHACRYLATE
 Lichenoid lesions
 Estrogenicity due to Bisphenol-A
 Cytotoxicity due to release of systemic free radicals
 Microleakage and Nanoleakage leading to pulp
damage

28. 3. CAST METAL ALLOYS
These are most commonly used to fabricate
prosthesis and build up core due to its very
high strength.
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
 Contact dermatitis to metallic elements
 Lichenoid lesions
 Thermal sensitivity to pulp
 Systemic toxicity in case of leaching of ions

30. 4.CERAMIC
Highly aesthetic material used to fabricate
prosthesis and build up core.
ADVERSE EFFECTS :
 Respiratory effects from silica dust
 Excessive wear of the antagonist tooth structure
 Susceptible to microleakage and fracture of
veneering.

32. 5.LATEX
Most common material used to fabricate
gloves and rubber dams.
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
 Has been causing Allergy in 3.7% of adults and
5.7% of pediatric age groups.
 Causes burning and tingling sensation
 Cheilitis
 Lichenoid Lesions
 Inflammation of face, tongue, lips and buccal
mucosa.

34.  It should be obvious that the dental
practitioners must not follow a cook-book
approach but must use their best clinical
judgment for any treatment plan.
 The following must be considered before any
clinical approach:
 Medical history of patient
 Previous treatments that the patient has been
subjected to
 Hereditary allergic information
 Medications that the patient has been
recommended

35.  Since the biocompatibility of a material
involves ample amount of ethical issues, it
must be disposed to the most deserving
patient.
 The practitioner must take utmost care to
avoid chronic exposure to any toxic
substances.

37. 1.Phillips’ Science of Dental Materials
2.Craig's Restorative Dental Materials
3.https://www.researchgate.net/
4.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/