Rapid DNA Technology: A Boon to Forensic DNA Typing
The FBI defines Rapid DNA as
“the fully automated (hands free) process of developing a CODIS Core Loci STR profile from a reference sample swab. The swab in - profile out process consists of automated extraction, amplification, separation, detection, and allele calling without human intervention”.
Modified Rapid DNA analysis describes the automated (hands-free) process of developing a CODIS Core STR profile from a known reference sample. This “swab in – profile out” process consists of automated extraction, amplification, separation, and detection without human intervention but requires human interpretation and technical review.
Approval by : Formal approval not required if validated in accordance with the FBI Director’s Quality Assurance Standards
Legislative Update: State and Federal Developments. Presented by Lisa Hurst, Gordon Thomas Honeywell Governmental Affairs. July 9, 2014. Life Technologies HID University, South San Francisco
Critical Analysis of Admissibility of Forensic Evidence in the Indian Crimina...ijtsrd
is believed that forensics plays an important role in finding out the criminal and it has been legally operated. Forensic is a process by which it helps in the discovery of the crime and the criminal. The admissibility of evidence by the forensic experts and their analysis of a particular crime can be done in accordance with the evidence law. The forensic experts play an important role by following certain techniques by collecting the particular materials from the crime scene and preserving them further to investigate the crime. The collected materials will be categorized by the forensic experts which in turn helps to find the crime. In certain circumstances, the collection and preservation of the materials are not done by the experts properly as to a lack of knowledge or the influence of the external elements. Further, there are certain legal constraints in accordance with the criminal investigation being carried out by the experts and the officials. The legal constraints start from the discovery, search, and protection of forensic evidence till the investigation. This affects the proper legal action against the criminal and the evidence which are supposed to be produced in the court of law. The researcher would analyse the admissibility of evidence in a court of law as to its relevance, authenticity, and issue on it as evidence is subject to the legal constraints and its applicability of it. Nanda Kishore M "Critical Analysis of Admissibility of Forensic Evidence in the Indian Criminal Justice System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49788.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49788/critical-analysis-of-admissibility-of-forensic-evidence-in-the-indian-criminal-justice-system/nanda-kishore-m
Rapid DNA Technology: A Boon to Forensic DNA Typing
The FBI defines Rapid DNA as
“the fully automated (hands free) process of developing a CODIS Core Loci STR profile from a reference sample swab. The swab in - profile out process consists of automated extraction, amplification, separation, detection, and allele calling without human intervention”.
Modified Rapid DNA analysis describes the automated (hands-free) process of developing a CODIS Core STR profile from a known reference sample. This “swab in – profile out” process consists of automated extraction, amplification, separation, and detection without human intervention but requires human interpretation and technical review.
Approval by : Formal approval not required if validated in accordance with the FBI Director’s Quality Assurance Standards
Legislative Update: State and Federal Developments. Presented by Lisa Hurst, Gordon Thomas Honeywell Governmental Affairs. July 9, 2014. Life Technologies HID University, South San Francisco
Critical Analysis of Admissibility of Forensic Evidence in the Indian Crimina...ijtsrd
is believed that forensics plays an important role in finding out the criminal and it has been legally operated. Forensic is a process by which it helps in the discovery of the crime and the criminal. The admissibility of evidence by the forensic experts and their analysis of a particular crime can be done in accordance with the evidence law. The forensic experts play an important role by following certain techniques by collecting the particular materials from the crime scene and preserving them further to investigate the crime. The collected materials will be categorized by the forensic experts which in turn helps to find the crime. In certain circumstances, the collection and preservation of the materials are not done by the experts properly as to a lack of knowledge or the influence of the external elements. Further, there are certain legal constraints in accordance with the criminal investigation being carried out by the experts and the officials. The legal constraints start from the discovery, search, and protection of forensic evidence till the investigation. This affects the proper legal action against the criminal and the evidence which are supposed to be produced in the court of law. The researcher would analyse the admissibility of evidence in a court of law as to its relevance, authenticity, and issue on it as evidence is subject to the legal constraints and its applicability of it. Nanda Kishore M "Critical Analysis of Admissibility of Forensic Evidence in the Indian Criminal Justice System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49788.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49788/critical-analysis-of-admissibility-of-forensic-evidence-in-the-indian-criminal-justice-system/nanda-kishore-m
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Running head RESEARCH REPORT TOPIC OUTLINERESEARCH REPORT TOPIC.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: RESEARCH REPORT TOPIC OUTLINE
RESEARCH REPORT TOPIC OUTLINE 5
Research report topic outline
Name of student
Course
Name of professor
Date of submission
Part 1A
Real or physical evidence
Physical evidence refers to anything that can be used as prove to a crime that happened and is connected to the criminal. Some examples of physical evidence include a knife that has blood on it, shoe impression, fingerprints, DNA, weapons, documents or glass. Real evidence describes evidence that is tangible and is often used interchangeably with physical evidence.
It is used to describe the items that are collected as prove arguments at a trial or hearing. Physical evidence has a wide variety of issues. This research report will focus on exploring fingerprints and DNA as aspects of physical evidence. The report will also examine the strategies, advancements and innovations in the criminal evidence regarding to fingerprints and DNA.
A search for fingerprints is usually done on a body before it is moved to the mortuary since it is also a source of physical evidence. The technology used in collecting the fingerprints and analyzing them has been refined from one decade to the other. Fingerprints are necessary as individualizing evidence since they can link an individual to crime due to their uniqueness. There are no people who have the same fingerprints.
Identification is made when a fingerprint from a crime scene is linked to another one from a suspect or a database. DNA is a new technology that allows the crime investigators to match the biological samples acquired from a crime scene to a criminal. DNA evidence is admissible in court and therefore is frequently used. The evidence is linked to DNA profiles of offenders through national, state and local DNA databases known as the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS).
Part 1B- Tier 1
Selected topic name
Real or physical evidence
Definition of key terms
Physical evidence -Involves objects that are found at the scene of a crime.
Real evidence-Describes evidence that is tangible and is often used interchangeably with physical evidence
Fingerprints- used as individualizing evidence since they can link an individual to crime due to their uniqueness.
DNA-A new technology that allows the crime investigators to match the biological samples acquired from a crime scene to a criminal.
Crime scene-A place that is under investigation because a crime took place at that location
A criminal-An individual who is guilty of a crime
History
During the late 1980’s and early 90’s, States started passing laws that required offenders convicted of several offenses to give their DNA samples. The DNA samples could be used to identify the criminal and their link with the offense they have been convicted of committing. Currently, all States and federal government have passed laws that require the provision of DNA samples for some categories of criminals. Fingerprint identification was developed for offender’s ...
Department in Pakistan
Faizana Naeem 13004065107
Mohammad Awais 13004065105
Mashal Khalid 13004065093
AbdulRehman Asghar 13004065074
Univerisety of management and technology Lhr.
Introduction
Crime is world phenomena and with course of time it is going to be a complicated one.
All over the world especially in technically developed countries, criminologists, detectives are adopting new methods to beat the crime through latest criminal investigation techniques.
But in the country like Pakistan the sources of criminal investigation are mostly the same as were in the past.
History
forensic” comes from the Latin word “forensis” meaning the “forum”
Centuries back the forensic science has been derived by solving mysterious cases.
It has many definitions but it has a blind definition that the application of scientific methodology to solve legal problems, in other words it bring many fields of science
NFSA
NFSA is the latest and well equipped lab in the history of Pakistan to facility criminal justice system
It intend to provide quality and standard forensic services under one roof
Keeping in view the importance of forensic sciences in criminal investigation and criminal justice, Punjab Government established the forensic Laboratory in Lahore which meets the international standards.
The actual cost of the project RS.2448.469 million.
In Sindh criminal investigation department came in to being as a small branch.
The laboratory will work under the forensic science agency within the framework of the Punjab Forensic Science Agency Act.2007
Sub-Departments
Crime Scene Investigation
Computer Forensic Department
Forensic Pathology
Questioned Documents Department
DNA & Serology Department
Audio Visual Analysis Department
Forensic Toxicology Department
Trace Evidence Department
Firearms & Tool Marks Department
Crime Scene Investigation
“The collection of information and evidence for
identifying, apprehending, and convicting suspected
offenders ”
maintain the integrity of the evidence.
The first police officer to arrive at a crime scene must take certain steps to preserve the evidence. Only after this duty is performed, analysis of the scene may begin.
The steps include: ·
Personal safety
Organization of thoughts.
Evaluate the severity of the situation.
Identify all involved and uninvolved individuals in the area
Be aware of weapons and hazards.
Be aware of potential evidence
Don’t touch anything unless necessary.
Investigation Facilities in Pakistan
National Forensic Science Agency, Islamabad
Forensic Science Laboratory, Islamabad
Forensic Science Laboratory, Lahore
Chief Chemical Examiner, (Punjab), Lahore
Chemical Examiner, Multan
Chemical Examiner, Rawalpindi
Forensic Science Laboratory, Karachi
DNA and Serology
Biological evidence, which contains DNA, can connect an offender
This presentation describes the use of computer technology in forensic sciences, what are Forensic Laboratories, How they Work using Technology, Presently working Forensic Agencies, Cyber Crimes & Precautions.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Running head RESEARCH REPORT TOPIC OUTLINERESEARCH REPORT TOPIC.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: RESEARCH REPORT TOPIC OUTLINE
RESEARCH REPORT TOPIC OUTLINE 5
Research report topic outline
Name of student
Course
Name of professor
Date of submission
Part 1A
Real or physical evidence
Physical evidence refers to anything that can be used as prove to a crime that happened and is connected to the criminal. Some examples of physical evidence include a knife that has blood on it, shoe impression, fingerprints, DNA, weapons, documents or glass. Real evidence describes evidence that is tangible and is often used interchangeably with physical evidence.
It is used to describe the items that are collected as prove arguments at a trial or hearing. Physical evidence has a wide variety of issues. This research report will focus on exploring fingerprints and DNA as aspects of physical evidence. The report will also examine the strategies, advancements and innovations in the criminal evidence regarding to fingerprints and DNA.
A search for fingerprints is usually done on a body before it is moved to the mortuary since it is also a source of physical evidence. The technology used in collecting the fingerprints and analyzing them has been refined from one decade to the other. Fingerprints are necessary as individualizing evidence since they can link an individual to crime due to their uniqueness. There are no people who have the same fingerprints.
Identification is made when a fingerprint from a crime scene is linked to another one from a suspect or a database. DNA is a new technology that allows the crime investigators to match the biological samples acquired from a crime scene to a criminal. DNA evidence is admissible in court and therefore is frequently used. The evidence is linked to DNA profiles of offenders through national, state and local DNA databases known as the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS).
Part 1B- Tier 1
Selected topic name
Real or physical evidence
Definition of key terms
Physical evidence -Involves objects that are found at the scene of a crime.
Real evidence-Describes evidence that is tangible and is often used interchangeably with physical evidence
Fingerprints- used as individualizing evidence since they can link an individual to crime due to their uniqueness.
DNA-A new technology that allows the crime investigators to match the biological samples acquired from a crime scene to a criminal.
Crime scene-A place that is under investigation because a crime took place at that location
A criminal-An individual who is guilty of a crime
History
During the late 1980’s and early 90’s, States started passing laws that required offenders convicted of several offenses to give their DNA samples. The DNA samples could be used to identify the criminal and their link with the offense they have been convicted of committing. Currently, all States and federal government have passed laws that require the provision of DNA samples for some categories of criminals. Fingerprint identification was developed for offender’s ...
Department in Pakistan
Faizana Naeem 13004065107
Mohammad Awais 13004065105
Mashal Khalid 13004065093
AbdulRehman Asghar 13004065074
Univerisety of management and technology Lhr.
Introduction
Crime is world phenomena and with course of time it is going to be a complicated one.
All over the world especially in technically developed countries, criminologists, detectives are adopting new methods to beat the crime through latest criminal investigation techniques.
But in the country like Pakistan the sources of criminal investigation are mostly the same as were in the past.
History
forensic” comes from the Latin word “forensis” meaning the “forum”
Centuries back the forensic science has been derived by solving mysterious cases.
It has many definitions but it has a blind definition that the application of scientific methodology to solve legal problems, in other words it bring many fields of science
NFSA
NFSA is the latest and well equipped lab in the history of Pakistan to facility criminal justice system
It intend to provide quality and standard forensic services under one roof
Keeping in view the importance of forensic sciences in criminal investigation and criminal justice, Punjab Government established the forensic Laboratory in Lahore which meets the international standards.
The actual cost of the project RS.2448.469 million.
In Sindh criminal investigation department came in to being as a small branch.
The laboratory will work under the forensic science agency within the framework of the Punjab Forensic Science Agency Act.2007
Sub-Departments
Crime Scene Investigation
Computer Forensic Department
Forensic Pathology
Questioned Documents Department
DNA & Serology Department
Audio Visual Analysis Department
Forensic Toxicology Department
Trace Evidence Department
Firearms & Tool Marks Department
Crime Scene Investigation
“The collection of information and evidence for
identifying, apprehending, and convicting suspected
offenders ”
maintain the integrity of the evidence.
The first police officer to arrive at a crime scene must take certain steps to preserve the evidence. Only after this duty is performed, analysis of the scene may begin.
The steps include: ·
Personal safety
Organization of thoughts.
Evaluate the severity of the situation.
Identify all involved and uninvolved individuals in the area
Be aware of weapons and hazards.
Be aware of potential evidence
Don’t touch anything unless necessary.
Investigation Facilities in Pakistan
National Forensic Science Agency, Islamabad
Forensic Science Laboratory, Islamabad
Forensic Science Laboratory, Lahore
Chief Chemical Examiner, (Punjab), Lahore
Chemical Examiner, Multan
Chemical Examiner, Rawalpindi
Forensic Science Laboratory, Karachi
DNA and Serology
Biological evidence, which contains DNA, can connect an offender
This presentation describes the use of computer technology in forensic sciences, what are Forensic Laboratories, How they Work using Technology, Presently working Forensic Agencies, Cyber Crimes & Precautions.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This report details the geological observations and interpretations made during a field investigation of the Kaptai Rangamati road-cut section, located in southeastern Bangladesh. The purpose of this report is to document the exposed rock units, their characteristics, and the geological structures present within the road cut.
FAIRSpectra - Towards a common data file format for SIMS imagesAlex Henderson
Presentation from the 101st IUVSTA Workshop on High performance SIMS instrumentation and machine learning / artificial intelligence methods for complex data.
This presentation describes the issues relating to storing and sharing data from Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry experiments, and some potential solutions.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. Unit 4: DNA database and quality assurance
• NDNAD, CODIS, and other databases,
• DNA Lab Quality Assurance and Quality Control, Forensic DNA
Advisory Groups: US DOJ, SWGDAM, AAFS, ENFSI DNA WG, and
ISFG DNA. National and International accredited bodies, quality
standards, certification, and legal Admissibility of DNA Evidence.
• National bodies for DNA profiling: CDFD, CCMB, LaCONES.
13. VAC course: Basics of Bioinformatics 23rd-26th August, 20223
https://www.icmr.gov.in/cnextgenseq.html
14.
15.
16. Based on 19 studies review
• DNA databases are an effective deterrence
and detection tool
• DNA databases are more effective in studying
the crimes committed by unidentified
offenders than other criminological data
sources
• Combining the DNA database and the police
recorded crime database gives a more
complete view on criminal networks than the
police database alone
• DNA databases do increase the probability of
identification, arrest and prosecution in cases
of property crimes
23. direct matching between known
and unknown sample profiles
profiles from missing persons
and their relatives
unidentified human remains
24. Current scenario in India
• huge requirement for these types of
databases which may help in stopping
different types of fraud like ration
card fraud, voter identity card fraud,
driving license fraud etc
• The database may help the Indian
police to differentiate the criminals
and non criminals.
26. • The DNA Technology (Use and
Application) Regulation Bill, 2019
was introduced in Lok Sabha by the
Minister for Science and
Technology, Mr. Harsh Vardhan, on
July 8, 2019.
• Use of DNA Data: offences under
the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and
for civil matters such as paternity
suits.
• DNA testing for matters related
to establishment of individual
identity.
27. Collection of DNA
arrested persons: written consent if the offence carries a
punishment of up to seven years
more than seven years of imprisonment or death,
consent is not required
person is a victim, or relative of a missing person, or a
minor or disabled person, the authorities are required
to obtain the written consent.
Magistrate who may order
28. DNA Data Bank
National DNA Data Bank and Regional DNA Data
Banks, for every state, or two or more states
maintain indices for the following categories of
data: (i) a crime scene index, (ii) a suspects’ or
undertrials’ index, (iii) an offenders’ index, (iv)
a missing persons’ index, and (v) an unknown
deceased persons’ index.
29. Removal of DNA profiles
(i) of a suspect if a police report is filed or
court order given
(ii) of an undertrial if a court order is given
iii)on written request, for persons who are
not a suspect, offender or undertrial, from
the crime scene or missing persons’ index.
30.
31. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA