In this slide contains Study of Quality of Raw Materials and General methods of analysis of Raw materials used in cosmetic manufacture as per BSI
Presented by: P.PAVAN KALYAN (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).RIPER, anantapur
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
esearch Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
In this slide contains Study of Quality of Raw Materials and General methods of analysis of Raw materials used in cosmetic manufacture as per BSI
Presented by: P.PAVAN KALYAN (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).RIPER, anantapur
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
esearch Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Hello,
This part is an important one that describes the individual packaging material types & detailed discussion on their possible analysis before release from the QC end in the pharmaceutical industries.
Thanks for watching
Managing the Quality of Chromium Sulphate during the Recycling From Tanning W...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Quality management is a big issue during recovery and recycling process because if desired quality is not received during chromium recovery or recycling process, we may be faced another problem of recycled materials. This also seen that most important that the production processes is useless without taking specific required quality of chromium., in real way about 60%-70% of chromium salt is used as chemical interaction with the hides but 30%-40% of chemical chromium salt is wasted as the solid and liquid form. Therefore, the quality during the recovery process of the chromium sulphate from chromium wastewater that is most important step for controlling environmental pollution with some economical benefits. Recycling of chromium sulphate is possible by using chemical precipitation method for water treatment, two precipitating agents’ magnesium oxide and calcium hydroxide plus alum are used for this purpose. Final findings showed that the optimum pH for efficient recovery with required quality was 8 and the Recycling of chromium sulphate was about 99(%) at pH 8 with good sludge with high settling rate. on the Base of these findings an economical production plant can be designed which are useful for quality improvement.
Hello,
This part is an important one that describes the individual packaging material types & detailed discussion on their possible analysis before release from the QC end in the pharmaceutical industries.
Thanks for watching
Managing the Quality of Chromium Sulphate during the Recycling From Tanning W...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Quality management is a big issue during recovery and recycling process because if desired quality is not received during chromium recovery or recycling process, we may be faced another problem of recycled materials. This also seen that most important that the production processes is useless without taking specific required quality of chromium., in real way about 60%-70% of chromium salt is used as chemical interaction with the hides but 30%-40% of chemical chromium salt is wasted as the solid and liquid form. Therefore, the quality during the recovery process of the chromium sulphate from chromium wastewater that is most important step for controlling environmental pollution with some economical benefits. Recycling of chromium sulphate is possible by using chemical precipitation method for water treatment, two precipitating agents’ magnesium oxide and calcium hydroxide plus alum are used for this purpose. Final findings showed that the optimum pH for efficient recovery with required quality was 8 and the Recycling of chromium sulphate was about 99(%) at pH 8 with good sludge with high settling rate. on the Base of these findings an economical production plant can be designed which are useful for quality improvement.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Gliese 12 b: A Temperate Earth-sized Planet at 12 pc Ideal for Atmospheric Tr...Sérgio Sacani
Recent discoveries of Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M dwarfs have made it possible to characterize the
atmospheres of terrestrial planets via follow-up spectroscopic observations. However, the number of such planets
receiving low insolation is still small, limiting our ability to understand the diversity of the atmospheric
composition and climates of temperate terrestrial planets. We report the discovery of an Earth-sized planet
transiting the nearby (12 pc) inactive M3.0 dwarf Gliese 12 (TOI-6251) with an orbital period (Porb) of 12.76 days.
The planet, Gliese 12 b, was initially identified as a candidate with an ambiguous Porb from TESS data. We
confirmed the transit signal and Porb using ground-based photometry with MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT3, and
validated the planetary nature of the signal using high-resolution images from Gemini/NIRI and Keck/NIRC2 as
well as radial velocity (RV) measurements from the InfraRed Doppler instrument on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope
and from CARMENES on the CAHA 3.5 m telescope. X-ray observations with XMM-Newton showed the host
star is inactive, with an X-ray-to-bolometric luminosity ratio of log 5.7 L L X bol » - . Joint analysis of the light
curves and RV measurements revealed that Gliese 12 b has a radius of 0.96 ± 0.05 R⊕,a3σ mass upper limit of
3.9 M⊕, and an equilibrium temperature of 315 ± 6 K assuming zero albedo. The transmission spectroscopy metric
(TSM) value of Gliese 12 b is close to the TSM values of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, adding Gliese 12 b to the small
list of potentially terrestrial, temperate planets amenable to atmospheric characterization with JWST.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Nutrition is the science that deals with the study of nutrients and their role in maintaining human health and well-being. It encompasses the various processes involved in the intake, absorption, and utilization of essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, by the human body.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
2. Unit 1: Introduction to Forensic Chemistry (co faculty) 10 hours
Arson: Definition and introduction; Chemistry of fire; Cause and origin of fire; Fire scene patterns; Recognition of type of fire; Role of a
forensic investigator; Examination of crime scene; Collection, preservation and analysis of clue materials in: arson, accidental and
vehicular fire; Analytical techniques in arson investigation: Pyrolysis Gas chromatography, Headspace Gas chromatography; Post-flashover
burning.
Definition, history, scope and branches of toxicology; Role of a forensic toxicologist; Poison: definition, dosage, classification based on
origin, mode of action, chemical nature; Mode of administration; Factors affecting the action of poisons; Antidotes: Definition and types;
Types of exhibits encountered; Collection and preservation of different specimens in fatal and survival cases: choice of preservations,
containers, labelling, sealing and storage.
Analysis of adulteration in: cement, oils, fats, cosmetics, paints, gold, silver, tobacco, tea, sugars and salts; Analysis of adulterants
like pesticides, metals and their alloys in water, cold drinks, milk and food materials
Unit 5: Introduction to Toxicology 14 hours
Unit 3: Arson Analysis 12 hours
3.
4.
5.
6. Cement bag
(note/random sampling /1kg in
airtight container or
polythene bag , cover with
brown paper )
Sampling of Small
Quantities
(Less than 12 bags or
packages)
(1kg from each bag)
Sampling of large
Quantities
(More than 12 bags or
packages)
(grouping of bags/ 20% form
each)
Sampling
7. METHODS OF ANALYSIS
Test Procedure Observation
Thymolphthalein Test
(Thymolphthalein Indicator 0.1%
in ethyl alcohol)
100-150 mg of cement sample +
1-2 ml water + 2 drops of
indicator
blue colour indicates the
presence of cement
No colour indicates that the
sample is stone powder (poly
silicates of calcium, magnesium
and iron)
8.
9. Heat test
Take 0.5 gm of sample, heat it for about 20 min. on a
steel plate.
a). Change in colour adulterated cement.
b). No change in colour unadulterated cement.
10. Performance Test:
Make thick slurry of cement with about 1 part of cement with one part of water and put
in an empty matchbox. The cement gets hardened. The performance is tested after 24 hrs.
just by removing matchbox and checking approx. strength of the cement by fingers, if the
block breaks easily, the setting property is said to be poor. If the block does not break by
fingers. The performance is said to be good.
11. Acid insoluble:
0.5 -1.0 gm cement + 20 ml water to
make a paste+ 5 ml conc. hydrochloric
acid + 20 ml water, stir, digest on
water bath for five minutes, no lumps
should be formed.
Digest further for another 10 minutes,
filter through ashless filter paper till
chloride free.
Residue dried in oven and further
incinerated in furnace at 800°C-900°C
for 1 hr.
weigh the residue, till constant weight.
Calculate percent acid insoluble
12. Silica
Concentrate filtrate from previous acid
insoluble test (insoluble acid) on hot plate to
dryness (without charring)
then add 20 ml 1:1 Hydrochloric acid and
digest on water bath for 10 minutes stir well,
and filter on ashless filter paper till chloride
free
Dry the residue (Precipitated silica) in oven
for 1hr
incinerate in furnace at 800°C-900°C for 1hr
weigh the residue, till constant weight. Weight
of silica obtained is noted.
*(20% Silica = 100% cement).
13. Combined Ferric Oxide and
Alumina
Concentrate the filtrate to about 200-ml by boiling
then add 2-3 drops of nitric acid to oxidise any
ferrous iron to ferric condition.
Add 1-2 grams of ammonium chloride, stir, and then treat the
filtrate with conc. ammonia solution till smell of ammonia persists
then boil the solution containing the ppts. of Fe and Al hydroxides
for few minute
filter and wash the ppt. with hot water
Dry the ppt. in oven and ignite in platinum crucible till
constant weight at 1050°C to 1100°C.
Weigh as alumina and ferric oxide.
14. Determination of Calcium by EDTA Titration
Take filtrate from ferric oxide and alumina
determination in 250 ml Vol. flask adjust Vol. to 250
ml.
Take out 25ml soln. in titration flask add 50 ml
water, 5ml (1:1) glycerol with constant stirring then
add 5ml diethylamine, further add 5-6 pellets of
NaOH (pH should be more than 12) shake well
further add 50mg of Patton Reeder`s indicator
(Grind 10mg of the indicator with 10gm of sodium
sulphate.) and shake well
titrate against 0.01M EDTA soln. colour change
violet to blue.
1ml 0.01 M EDTA = 0.5608 mg of CaO. (60 % CaO =
100% Cement) and CaO% = 3 Silica %
15. Direct Cement % by acid titration
Take 0.5 gm cement in a conical flask add
50ml of 0.5 N HCl, digest on water bath for
30 minutes, add 50 ml water
titrate against 0.5 N NaOH using
phenolphthalein as an indicator
Colour change is colourless to pink.
Cement % = 28 * N (N= Normality of NaOH).
16. Mortar, is the mixture of sand and cement for
plastering the brickwork
SAMPLING
1-2 Kg of mortar sample accompanied by 1 kg each of
cement and / or lime and sand if available from the
field shall be sent for analysis.
Every article should be independently packed.
17. Testing of Mortar
Heat good piece of mortar approx. 200 gms is heated in oven at 110°C for
15 min. cool and then weigh. Separate the cement portion from sand by
slowly grinding the lump in iron mortar.
sieve the material and make three fractions. Powder, fine sand and
coarse sand. Weigh individually and record.
take about 5-10 gm of each fraction in beaker, add 5-10 ml 3.3 N HCl
till all the material is wet with HCl, if required, add further 5-10 ml
HCl, to dissolve the material
The cement portion gets dissolved and sand portion gets separated
from cement, digest on water bath for 10 minutes & filter the liquid
through filter paper, wash with water till chloride free.
The filtrate is evaporated and silica determined as in earlier part, from silica
cement portion in each fraction is determined, from total weight, weight of sand
obtained by subtracting wt. Of cement and hence the ratio of cement to sand is
calculated. Also % of cement in the sample is calculated.
18. EDTA Titrations: For filtrate same as cement titration with EDTA normally the
ratio of cement: sand used in plastering work is 1:4 (The ratio used for compound
walls and such other work is 1:6 to 1:8).
19. Concret, is the hard mass obtained by solidification of
the inert material like sand, coarse stone, water and
cement.
Sampling:
Concrete lumps, about 3-5kg accompanied by 1 kg each
of cement, sand and aggregate if available from the
field shall be sent for analysis.
Every article should be independently packed.
20. Testing of Mortar
About 1/2kg sample is required for analysis dry the piece from
slab/beam in oven at 110°C for 15 minutes., cool, and weigh.
Then grind the sample so that cement particle gets separated from
sand and aggregate.
Sieve the bulk with different mesh size sieves, to separate powder,
fine sand, coarse sand and aggregate. Weigh the fractions so
separated individually.
Take about 5-6gm from powder fraction and fine sand fraction, about
50-60 gm from coarse sand and about 100-150 gms of aggregate
fraction for actual silica and calcium oxide determination.
Take all the four fractions as above in 250 ml beakers, add sufficient quantity of
3.3 N HCl to dissolve the adhering cement particles. Then digest on water bath
for 10-15 minutes and filter. The filtrate so obtained is used for silica
determination.
21. SILICA
Evaporate the filtrate to dryness on hot plate, dry silica remains in the
beaker along with calcium and aluminium salts.
Then add 3.3 N HCl and digest on water bath for 5 mins. Filter the
silica through ashless filter paper, wash with water until chloride free.
Dry the silica in oven and further in furnace at 800°C-1000°C for 2
hrs, Wash the silica so obtained. From silica calculate the weight of
cement obtained in different fractions (20% silica = 100% cement).
Take sand and fine sand fractions together. Thus calculate the total
cement, total sand and total aggregates present in the sample, and
hence calculate the ratio of cement: sand: aggregate also calculate the
cement percentage.
From filtrate of silica, calculate CaO % as detailed in cement, from CaO% also
calculate the % cement in each fraction, and hence get the ratio of cement: sand:
aggregate, and also % of cement in the sample. Compare the results obtained by
silica and CaO.
24. cosmetics refer to substances or mixtures that are
externally rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on,
introduced into or otherwise applied to the body or
ingested orally to clean, protect, enhance, beautify,
promote attractiveness or modify the skin’s
appearance.
skincare hair care
colour (make-up) fragrances
toiletries/others
30. Instrumental methods
Sample preparation
• to convert the sample to a liquid form : a
mixture of concentrated acids, such as
nitric acid and hydrogen fluoride or
sulphuric acid and nitric acid,.
• For complete oxidative digestion: chloric
acid or hydrogen peroxide is added.
35. A systematic literature review on the current detection tools for
authentication analysis of cosmetic ingredients
36. Cosmetic products are often formulated using water and oil based
ingredients.
The oil-based ingredients are naturally or synthetically derived from animal
fats and vegetable oils.
The animal fats and vegetable oils composed of esters of the alcohol such as
glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol; CH2OHCHOHCH2OH) and long-chain carboxylic
acids (often known as fatty acids; RCO2H), where the alkyl groups contain
between 7 and 21 carbon atoms.
Fatty acids can be divided into two main categories, namely, saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids. The most common fatty acids in fat/oil are
composed of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic acids (C18:0), besides
monosaturated oleic (C18:1) and polyunsaturated linoleic acids (C18:2).
43. TOCP contaminates the tricresyl phosphates—slightly
yellowish, viscous, oily chemicals commonly used
industrially in plasticizers, hydraulic fluids, lubricants,
glues and adhesives, solvents, and flame retardants.
44. In the winterization process, the oil is cooled from room
temperature to a predetermined temperature of crystal-
lization. The cooled oil is kept at this temperature for a
certain period of time prior to the separation of solid phase
from the liquid oil by filtration of the oil-solid fat slurry.
45. Edible Oils & Fats
Detection of Rancidity in Edible Oil and Ghee
Rancidification is the process of complete or
incomplete autoxidation or hydrolysis of fats and
oils when exposed to air, light, moisture, or bacterial
action, producing short-chain aldehydes, ketones
and free fatty acids. When these processes occur in
food, undesirable odors and flavors can results
Oil + HCL+ 0.1% phloroglucinol solution in ether
after 30 minutes red or pink coloration in acid layer
46. Edible Oils & Fats
Detection of Argemone Oil
Oil + 1) 0.5 ml of 2% Salicylic acid
solution, 2) 2 ml of Conc. HNO3 and 3)
Finally 2-4 drops of Conc. H2SO4 : A
crimson red color within 20-30 sec
indicates the presence of argemone oil
47. Edible Oils & Fats
Detection of Mineral Oil
oil sample + Alcoholic Potash (KOH in aldehyde
free alcohol) . Heat in boiling water bath for 15
minutes Any turbidity shows the presence of
Mineral oil greater than 1%.
48. Edible Oils & Fats
Detection of Castor Oil in Edible Oil
oil + petroleum ether (Shake vigorously for 2 minutes) +
ammonium molybdate reagent Instantaneous development
of turbidity indicates presence of castor oil
49. Edible Oils & Fats
Detection of Karanjia Oil in Edible Oil
Oil + antimony trichloride solution in chloroform
Appearance of a canary yellow or orange color
indicates presence of Karanja oil
50. Edible Oils & Fats
Detection of Mobile (Lube) Oil in
Edible Oil
Oil + Alcoholic potash, . Heat till de-
colourise+ dichloroquinol chloride and
Warm the tube. The appearance of the
blue color indicates the presence of a
compound of triorthocrysyl phosphate.
63. Gold, silver and copper, normally standard mix
Of
gold purity arrives as 91.6% of gold and 8.4
% of either copper or silver or
combination of both.
64. • Ir, Ru and Os belong to the platinum group
of metals. When mixed with gold they do
not alloy but are dispersed in the gold
Ir, Ru and Os addition ranging from 0.1%
to 0.5% with following combination:
Iridium; Iridium and Ruthenium; Iridium
and Osmium
GOLD ADULTERATION
aqua regia, mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids (1:3)
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72. Column 1 - 30 m × 0.25 or 0.32 mm ID fused silica capillary column chemically bonded with
SE-54 (DB-5 or equivalent), 1µ film thickness.
Column 2 - 30 m × 0.25 mm ID fused silica capillary column chemically bonded with 35 %
phenyl methylpolysiloxane (DB-608, SPB-608, or equivalent), 25 µm coating thickness.