i consider various theories of motivation including its meaning and why it is important for the organisation

1. Motivational Theories
PRESENTED BY: SHIVA RANI
RESEARCH SCHOLAR
DOBM, HNB GARHWAL CENTRAL
UNIVERSITY, SRINAGAR, UTTARAKHAND

2. Motivation
Motivation is a driving force which affects the choice of alternatives
in the behavior of a person. It improve, stimulates and induces
employees leading to goal-oriented behavior
The Three key elements of our definition :
 Intensity
It is concerned with how hard a person tries. This is the element
most of us focus on when we talk about motivation.
 Direction
The direction is the orientation that benefits the organization.
 Persistence
It is a measure of how long a person can maintain his or her
effort.

3. Importance of Motivation
 High performance level
 Low employee turnover and absenteeism
 Acceptability to change
 Better industrial result

4. Motivational Theories

5. Need Hierarchy Theory
 Theory was proposed by Abraham Maslow
 Focus on describing the stage of growth of humans
 He suggest that people are motivated to fulfill basic
needs before moving on to other, more advance need.

6. Individual level Organizational level
Self Actualization
Esteem Need
Affiliation/Belongines
s Need
Safety Need
Basic Physiological
Need
Self Fulfillment
Status
Friendship
Stability of Income
Hunger
Achievement of
goals
Job Title
Cordial relationship
with colleagues
Job Security
Basic Salary

7. Critical Analysis
Maslow theory has been widely appreciated.
 Theory is simple common and easily understandable
 Present motivation as a changing force
 Satisfaction of need influence the behavior
 People need in hierarchical in order

8. Criticism
 Satisfied need can no longer motivates people; only next
higher level need motivate him
 Lack of hierarchy
 No direct cause and effect relationship
 No specified definition
 No use in operationalization

9. Herzberg’s MotivationTheory –Two FactorTheory
 In this theory of work motivation, employees
were given a questionnaire to understand: The
factors that make employees extremely
dissatisfied with their environment and
workplace.
 The factors that make employees extremely
satisfied with their environment and workplace.
The reasons which give rise to satisfaction,
Herzberg termed them as motivators, and those
resulting in dissatisfaction are called as hygiene
factors.

12. Critical Analysis
Following aspect which would consider by H-H theory
 This model applied in industry and has given several new
sight
 It show the value of job satisfaction.
 Problem solving model
 Helps to understand human behavior

13. Criticism
 Narrow scope
 Herzberg assumed that satisfaction is productivity.
 Ambiguity leads to different interpretation
 The overall methodology of the theory was questioned

14. Equity theory:
Theory was proposed by John S. Adam
Employee have the tendency to compare their job input to
the output
Input
Effort
Experience
Skills
Education
Output
Salary
Appraisal
Recognition

16. The following figure shows the results
of comparisons:

17. Thus, inequity as a motivation force will act as
follows:

18. Reinforcement Theory
 Proposed by B.F Skinner
 The theory state that individual’s Behavior
is a function of its consequence
 It is law of effect
 Individual’s behavior with positive
consequences tends to be repeated