The document discusses morphology, which is the study of words and their internal structure and formation. It defines key terms like morphemes, the smallest grammatical unit, and allomorphs, the phonetic realization of a morpheme. Various word formation processes are also examined, including compounding, conversion, clipping, back-formation, blending, acronyms, and initialisms.

3. Morphology comes from a Greek
word meaning ‘shape’ or ‘form’ and is used
in linguistics to denote the study of words,
both with regard to their internal structure
and their combination or formation to form
new or larger units .

4. Morphemes:
is the smallest
gramatical unit in
language
Morph and
Allomorph: the
phonetic realization of a
morpheme which study
the unit of form, sounds
and phonetic symbol
Lexeme: It is a
basic unit of meaning,
and the headwords of
a dictionary.

5. MORPHEMES?
 How many morphemes in this word?
There are two morphemes!

6. Morph and Allomorph
The word/morpheme has a phonetic symbol
/dIsbI’li:v/
/dIs/ /s/ (Allomorph)
/bI’li:v/
So, every phonetic symbol of morpheme is called
morph. The differences is Allomorph doesn’t change the
meaning

8. Free
Morphemes
Bound
Morphemes
Derivational morphemes
Inflectional morphomes
Lexical morphemes
Functional morphemes

9. Free morphemes are morphemes that can
stand alone to become a word without bound or
attached to the other morpheme.
•Lexical morphemes
•Functional morphemes

10. VERB NOUN ADJ
Lexical morphomes is a morpheme that can
stand on its own and it can tell the content of
the messages .
Read Mother Beautiful
Eat baby cool

11. PREPOSITIONS CONJUCTIONS ARTICLES
Functional morphemes are morphemes that
can stand on its own but it is not clear About
the contens
PRONOUNS
AT BUT THE SHE
ON AND A / AN HE

13. Derivational morphemes are an affix
that's added to a word to create a new
word or a new form of a word.

14. inflectional morphemes are is a
suffix that's added to a word to
assign a particular grammatical
property to that word.
Book (noun) + s
Books (noun plural)

15. Compounding Conversion

16. Compounding is the word formation process in which two or
more lexemes combine into a single new word. Compound words may
be written as one word or as two words joined with a hyphen
Example :
noun-noun compound: note + book → notebook
adjective-noun compound: blue + berry → blueberry
verb-noun compound: work + room → workroom
noun-verb compound: breast + feed → breastfeed

17. Conversion: this process is also known as zero-derivation.
This process changes the part of
speech and
meaning of an existing root
without producing
Or change in pronunciation or
spelling and
without adding any affix.
Example : My elbow hurts
he elbowed me out of
the way

18. Blending

19. Clipping is the word formation process in
which a word is reduced or shortened without
changing the meaning of the
word. For example:
Advertisement – ad
examination – exam
gymnasium – gym
Back clipping : Gasoline - Gas
fore-clipping : Aligator - Gator
middle clipping : Influenza - Flu
complex clipping : Situation comedy
- Sitcom

20. Back-formation is the process of creating a new lexeme (less
precisely, a new "word") by removing actual or supposed affixes back-
formation may change the part of speech or the word's meaning,
where as clipping creates shortened words from longer words, but
does not change the part of speech or the meaning of the word.
Example :
babysit from babysitter
back-form from back-formation
bushwhack from bushwhacker
donate from donation
edit from editor
Back-formation

21. BLENDING
Blending is the word formation process
in which parts of two or more words combine
to create a new word whose meaning is often a
combination of the original words.
example:
advertisement + entertainment →
advertainment
biographical + picture → biopic

22. Example :
Acronyms : NATO
(North atlantic treaty
organisation)
Initialisms : USA
(United states of america)