At the end of the lesson, you should be able learn: 1. recognize and recall a moral experience; 2. detect a moral dilemma; 3 .identify the three levels of moral dilemmas.

1. MORAL
RYAN JAVIER CUMBE
ETHICS INSTRUCTOR

2. DILEMMA?????
it is a situation where a person
is forced to choose between two
or more conflicting options,
neither of which is acceptable.

5. When dilemmas involve
human actions which
have moral
implications, they are
called ethical or moral
dilemmas.

6. Moral dilemmas
■are situations where persons, who
are called “moral agent s” in ethics,
are forced to choose between two
or more conflicting options, neither
of which resolves the situation in a
morally acceptable manner.

7. Moral dilemmas
■are situations where persons, who
are called “moral agent s” in ethics,
are forced to choose between two
or more conflicting options, neither
of which resolves the situation in a
morally acceptable manner.

8. In moral dilemmas, the moral agent “seems
fated to commit something wrong, which implies
that he/she bound to morally fail because in one
way or another he/she will fail to do something
which he/she ought to do.
In other words, by choosing one of the
possible moral requirements, the person also fails
on others.”
- Benjiemen Labastin

10. CONDITIONS TO BE CALLED A
MORAL DILEMMA
a)The person or the agent of a
moral action is obliged to
make decision about which
course of action is best;

11. b) There must be different
courses of action to
choose from;
CONDITIONS TO BE CALLED A
MORAL DILEMMA

12. c) no matter which course of action
the moral agent chooses, there is
always that moral principle that is
compromised.
CONDITIONS TO BE CALLED A
MORAL DILEMMA

13. 1ST LEVEL
INDIVIDUAL
LEVELS OF
MORAL DILEMMA
a person, or an individual, has two or
more moral values to consider, he or she
can choose one only, and choosing one or
the other will not solve the problem in a
moral way

14. 2ND LEVEL
ORGANIZATIONAL
LEVELS OF
MORAL DILEMMA
can take many forms and
these are the moral problems
in the workplace

15. 3RD LEVEL
STRUCTURAL
LEVELS OF
MORAL DILEMMA
refer to moral predicaments in
public administration

16. EPISTEMIC MORAL DILEMMAS
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
 There are two or more requirements that conflict with each other;
 The moral agent hardly knows which one takes precedence over the
other

17. ONTOLOGICAL MORAL DILEMMAS
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
 There are two or more requirements that conflict with each other,
yet neither of these conflicting moral requirements overrides each
other.

18. TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
 Caused by the moral agent’s wrong doings
SELF-IMPOSED
MORAL DILEMMA

19. WORLD-IMPOSED
MORAL DILEMMA
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
 Certain events in the world place the moral agent in a situation
of moral conflict
- William Styron

20. OBLIGATION DILEMMAS
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
 More than one feasible action is obligatory
PROHIBITION DILEMMAS
 All feasible actions are forbidden

21. SINGLE AGENT DILEMMA
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
The agent “ought, all things considered, to do X, ought, all things
considered, to do Y, and he cannot do both X and Y.

22. MULTI-PERSON DILEMMA
TYPES OF
MORAL DILEMMA
One agent, R1, ought to do X, a second agent, R2, ought to do Y, and though each agent
can do that he ought to do, it is not possible both for R1 to do X and R2 to do Y.
The multi-person dilemma requires more than choosing what is right; it is also entails that
the persons involved reached a general consensus.

23. STAGES OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
- Kohlberg’s

24. STAGES OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
- Kohlberg’s

25. STAGES OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
- Kohlberg’s