This document summarizes the development and commissioning of a next generation x-ray beam size monitor (NGXBSM) at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). Key aspects include:
1) Designing and installing new vacuum components like a flared vacuum chamber, beamline crotch, and beryllium window to transfer x-rays from CESR to the detector.
2) Designing and constructing a new two-pole electromagnet source to provide x-rays at lower CESR beam energies of 2.085 GeV.
3) Integrating the NGXBSM permanently in CESR to allow continuous operation, including modifying accelerator optics and realign
3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...ijcsa
Nanopillar array photovoltaics give unique advantages over today’s planar thin films in the areas of
optical properties and carrier collection, arising from their 3D geometry. The choice of the material
system, however, is essential in order to gain the advantage of the large surface/interface area associated
with nanopillars. Therefore, a well known Si and GaAs material are used in the design and studied in this
nanowire application. This work calculates and analyses the performance of the coaxial GaAs nanowire
and compared with that of Si nanowire using a semi-classical method. The current-voltage characteristics
are investigated for both under dark and AM1.5G illumination. It is found that GaAs nanowire gives almost
double efficiency with its counterpart Si nanowire. Their TCAD simulations can be validated reasonably
with that of published experimental result.
This document evaluates laser stabilization and imaging systems for the LCLS-II beamline. It tests the Guidestar-II and MRC active laser beam stabilization systems to determine which provides the most stable beam over 15+ hours. It also tests a two lens and four lens optical imaging configuration to determine which provides the best beam imaging quality and magnification properties. The optimal configuration is determined to be the four lens imaging system combined with the MRC stabilization system.
Resonance frequency analysis of laser optical fiber based on microcantileverIJECEIAES
The normal frequency of smart beams was originated utilizing FEM [Ansys and Comsol] code for first five modes by varying the position of actuator from the fixed end of the structure, and it has a suitable arrangement with analytically found the standard frequency. This paper includes learning a resonance frequency analysis of laser optical fiber based on microcantilever of designing magnetic actuator using Ansys and Comsol simulation. The design of optical fiber includes Nickel cantilever, two magnets and one coil that apply to force on the cantilever. After the current flows in the coil domain, the shape of microcantilever will be deformed. It will move to z- direction that depends on the force direction. Two methods including, Comsol Multiphysics, Ansys and analytical equations have been utilized to calculate the resonance frequency, current and force values. The simulation results include calculating the current (magnetic current density) and effects of the magnetic field of the coil on the cantilever (force calculation). Utilizing this method is to limit faults(errors) of optical fiber laser between transmitter and receiver system (detection system) for any time of cutting coil when the signal of a laser passes through the coil. In conculsions, resonant frequency (f_n) tuning using cantilivier presented in the resrach have larger variable range by using simulations. However,the adjusting of the system and changing the deminsions.Resolutions to this problematic contain tuning the modes of resonant frequency to produce by cantilivier with 2-magnets and coil when the signal pass from laser source. Based on these simulations and characterization results, the proposed assembly can be a good applicant for evolving a low price, high material platform for many biological, laser optical fiber, communication, machine learning, biosensors and biomedical applications.
This document discusses approaches for improving nonuniformity correction (NUC) for resistive array infrared scene projectors. Current NUC schemes treat each pixel independently, but scene-based effects like power drops and thermal crosstalk across the array are important to consider. The document examines potential problems with scene-based correction and discusses algorithms that could be used, such as accounting for far-field diffraction effects between pixels. It also describes the current sparse array approach used to measure each pixel's response and derive nonuniformity correction curves.
This document provides an overview of optical nano antennas. It begins by defining nano antennas and their role in transmitting and receiving optical signals at the nanoscale. Next, it discusses the characteristics of metallic and dielectric nano antennas, including their directivity, radiation efficiency, gain, and ability to enhance localized electric fields. Applications mentioned include medicine, photovoltaics, spectroscopy, and near-field microscopy. The document concludes by introducing seebeck nano antennas for solar energy harvesting and discusses limitations of current photovoltaic technology.
This document describes system testing for an optical concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) solar energy system that uses a Fresnel lens. It details:
1) The development of a portable, robust opto-electronic system to test the alignment of CPV modules on an assembly line using a thin prism rotated in four orientations.
2) Simulations showing the system is insensitive to positioning and orientation errors of the prism, as deviations remain the same when the prism is rotated by 180 degrees.
3) The system allows determining the displacement between the center of the Fresnel lens and prism surface without needing to precisely calibrate the camera position, by solving a system of equations
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This paper presents the designed of varians array in curved microstripline antenna for radar communication. The antenna geometry comprises of three varians in matrics 2x2, 2x4 and 4x4 dimensions. The several array operates in C-Band frequencies (4GHz – 8GHz) and X-Band frequencies (8GHz-12GHz) with a 1.82 VSWR, -18.72dB Return loss, 0.29 reflection coefficient, and 5.8dB gain for 2x2 array, 1.64 VSWR, -16.17dB Return loss, 0.24 reflection coefficient, and 5.4dB gain for 2x4 array, 1.04 VSWR, - 37.70dB Return loss, 0.19 reflection coefficient, and 7.6dB gain for 4x4 array. All of the varians in array elements are feed using a direct feeding technique. This array antenna is suitable developed for use in radar communication systems.
This document describes an all optically driven integrated deformable mirror device. The device uses cascaded micromirrors on wafer fused GaAs-GaP photodiodes that can be actuated vertically through optical addressing of the individual photodetectors. Mirror displacements of up to 500 nm were observed using a 5 mW optical signal to address the photodetectors through microlenses. This approach allows for faster and denser adaptive optics without requiring integrated electrical circuitry to individually address each actuator.
3 d single gaas co axial nanowire solar cell for nanopillar-array photovoltai...ijcsa
Nanopillar array photovoltaics give unique advantages over today’s planar thin films in the areas of
optical properties and carrier collection, arising from their 3D geometry. The choice of the material
system, however, is essential in order to gain the advantage of the large surface/interface area associated
with nanopillars. Therefore, a well known Si and GaAs material are used in the design and studied in this
nanowire application. This work calculates and analyses the performance of the coaxial GaAs nanowire
and compared with that of Si nanowire using a semi-classical method. The current-voltage characteristics
are investigated for both under dark and AM1.5G illumination. It is found that GaAs nanowire gives almost
double efficiency with its counterpart Si nanowire. Their TCAD simulations can be validated reasonably
with that of published experimental result.
This document evaluates laser stabilization and imaging systems for the LCLS-II beamline. It tests the Guidestar-II and MRC active laser beam stabilization systems to determine which provides the most stable beam over 15+ hours. It also tests a two lens and four lens optical imaging configuration to determine which provides the best beam imaging quality and magnification properties. The optimal configuration is determined to be the four lens imaging system combined with the MRC stabilization system.
Resonance frequency analysis of laser optical fiber based on microcantileverIJECEIAES
The normal frequency of smart beams was originated utilizing FEM [Ansys and Comsol] code for first five modes by varying the position of actuator from the fixed end of the structure, and it has a suitable arrangement with analytically found the standard frequency. This paper includes learning a resonance frequency analysis of laser optical fiber based on microcantilever of designing magnetic actuator using Ansys and Comsol simulation. The design of optical fiber includes Nickel cantilever, two magnets and one coil that apply to force on the cantilever. After the current flows in the coil domain, the shape of microcantilever will be deformed. It will move to z- direction that depends on the force direction. Two methods including, Comsol Multiphysics, Ansys and analytical equations have been utilized to calculate the resonance frequency, current and force values. The simulation results include calculating the current (magnetic current density) and effects of the magnetic field of the coil on the cantilever (force calculation). Utilizing this method is to limit faults(errors) of optical fiber laser between transmitter and receiver system (detection system) for any time of cutting coil when the signal of a laser passes through the coil. In conculsions, resonant frequency (f_n) tuning using cantilivier presented in the resrach have larger variable range by using simulations. However,the adjusting of the system and changing the deminsions.Resolutions to this problematic contain tuning the modes of resonant frequency to produce by cantilivier with 2-magnets and coil when the signal pass from laser source. Based on these simulations and characterization results, the proposed assembly can be a good applicant for evolving a low price, high material platform for many biological, laser optical fiber, communication, machine learning, biosensors and biomedical applications.
This document discusses approaches for improving nonuniformity correction (NUC) for resistive array infrared scene projectors. Current NUC schemes treat each pixel independently, but scene-based effects like power drops and thermal crosstalk across the array are important to consider. The document examines potential problems with scene-based correction and discusses algorithms that could be used, such as accounting for far-field diffraction effects between pixels. It also describes the current sparse array approach used to measure each pixel's response and derive nonuniformity correction curves.
This document provides an overview of optical nano antennas. It begins by defining nano antennas and their role in transmitting and receiving optical signals at the nanoscale. Next, it discusses the characteristics of metallic and dielectric nano antennas, including their directivity, radiation efficiency, gain, and ability to enhance localized electric fields. Applications mentioned include medicine, photovoltaics, spectroscopy, and near-field microscopy. The document concludes by introducing seebeck nano antennas for solar energy harvesting and discusses limitations of current photovoltaic technology.
This document describes system testing for an optical concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) solar energy system that uses a Fresnel lens. It details:
1) The development of a portable, robust opto-electronic system to test the alignment of CPV modules on an assembly line using a thin prism rotated in four orientations.
2) Simulations showing the system is insensitive to positioning and orientation errors of the prism, as deviations remain the same when the prism is rotated by 180 degrees.
3) The system allows determining the displacement between the center of the Fresnel lens and prism surface without needing to precisely calibrate the camera position, by solving a system of equations
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This paper presents the designed of varians array in curved microstripline antenna for radar communication. The antenna geometry comprises of three varians in matrics 2x2, 2x4 and 4x4 dimensions. The several array operates in C-Band frequencies (4GHz – 8GHz) and X-Band frequencies (8GHz-12GHz) with a 1.82 VSWR, -18.72dB Return loss, 0.29 reflection coefficient, and 5.8dB gain for 2x2 array, 1.64 VSWR, -16.17dB Return loss, 0.24 reflection coefficient, and 5.4dB gain for 2x4 array, 1.04 VSWR, - 37.70dB Return loss, 0.19 reflection coefficient, and 7.6dB gain for 4x4 array. All of the varians in array elements are feed using a direct feeding technique. This array antenna is suitable developed for use in radar communication systems.
This document describes an all optically driven integrated deformable mirror device. The device uses cascaded micromirrors on wafer fused GaAs-GaP photodiodes that can be actuated vertically through optical addressing of the individual photodetectors. Mirror displacements of up to 500 nm were observed using a 5 mW optical signal to address the photodetectors through microlenses. This approach allows for faster and denser adaptive optics without requiring integrated electrical circuitry to individually address each actuator.
Extended-Bandwidth Microstrip Circular Patch Antenna for Dual Band Applications IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new wideband microstrip circular patch antenna (MCPA) fed by proximity-coupled line with double-stub matching to achieve dual-band operation. Bandwidth extension is achieved by exciting higherorder modes in the circular radiating patch, and using two stubs to achieve adequate matching across the obtained two bands. The characteristics of the antenna such as reflection coefficient, impedance bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern are investigated and optimized through parametric studies using the CST Microwave Studio Suite. The antenna achieved a large relative bandwidth of 45.16% at the upper band, while the lower one has 10.3% relative bandwidth. The maximum achieved gain of the dual-band antenna in the 5.8GHz band is 4.62dBi while it is 4.85dBi in the upper band. The antenna has an overall size of 30×30×3.2mm3 corresponding to 0.58λ × 0.58 λ × 0.062 λ at the lower band of 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna should be useful for WLAN and X-band communication systems.
CT based Image Guided Radiotherapy - Physics & QASambasivaselli R
This document discusses quality assurance for CT-based image guided radiotherapy. It describes existing technologies like kV CBCT, MV CBCT and XVI imaging. It provides details on the XVI system including its x-ray generator, imaging panel, image acquisition and reconstruction process. The document outlines various quality assurance tests for geometric accuracy, image quality and registration including uniformity, spatial resolution and accuracy tests using phantoms.
SINK RELOCATION FOR NETWORK LIFETIME ENHANCEMENT METHOD IN WSNEditor IJMTER
The document proposes an energy-aware sink relocation (EASR) method to enhance the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. The EASR method uses information on the residual battery energy of sensor nodes to adaptively change their transmission ranges and determine where the sink should relocate to. It incorporates an energy-aware transmission range adjustment that sets smaller ranges for nodes with lower battery levels, and a sink relocation mechanism that moves the sink to alleviate energy consumption at hotspot nodes nearing energy depletion. Analysis and simulations show the EASR method can significantly extend network lifetime compared to traditional strategies.
This document discusses hyperspectral imaging technologies for multi-channel fiber sensing. It evaluates the spatial and spectral imaging performance of several aberration-corrected hyperspectral imaging spectrographs. Ray trace images and focal plane maps are presented to demonstrate the spatial and spectral reproduction accuracy over the entire back focal plane. The document focuses on retro-reflective concentric imaging spectrographs and their ability to precisely reproduce spectral images from arrays of optical fibers, minimizing crosstalk between channels.
The document describes the development of an open-source optical trapping microscope to manipulate and study nano- and micro-components. Key features of the microscope include x-, y-, and z-motion control of the sample stage, piezoelectric microfluidic chambers, Köhler illumination, and automated particle tracking capabilities. Preliminary experiments were conducted to characterize a single-beam laser optical trap, including analysis of the three-dimensional trapping potential and algorithms to compensate for factors limiting trap quality. Improvements and further research areas are discussed, such as using higher laser power and extracting z-direction information about optical traps.
A new design and a new application of a metamaterial that converts 36.8% of incident power from a 900 MHz signal into usable dc voltage.experimentally rectified by an array of metamaterial unit cells.
The aim of this paper is to present the essential elements of the electro-optical imaging system EOIS for space applications and how these elements can affect its function. After designing a spacecraft for low orbiting missions during day time, the design of an electro-imaging system becomes an important part in the satellite because the satellite will be able to take images of the regions of interest. An example of an electro-optical satellite imaging system will be presented through this paper where some restrictions have to be considered during the design process. Based on the optics principals and ray tracing techniques the dimensions of lenses and CCD (Charge Coupled Device) detector are changed matching the physical satellite requirements. However, many experiments were done in the physics lab to prove that the resizing of the electro optical elements of the imaging system does not affect the imaging mission configuration. The procedures used to measure the field of view and ground resolution will be discussed through this work. Examples of satellite images will be illustrated to show the ground resolution effects.
DPS material
DNG material ( Do not depend on the chemical composition, Depend on the geometry of the structure units, Metamaterials are artificial engineered composite structures, Not commonly found in nature)
MNG material
ENG material
Optical antennas are devices designed to efficiently convert between propagating optical radiation and localized energy. Like radio frequency antennas, optical antennas can increase the interaction area of local absorbers or emitters with free radiation. Key aspects of optical antennas include their operation based on plasmonics and impedance matching. They can be fabricated using electron beam lithography or focused ion beam milling at the nanoscale. Applications include imaging, photovoltaics, and coherent control. Optical antennas provide opportunities for new optoelectronic architectures and devices by controlling light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
Reconstruction of magnetic source images using the Wiener filter and a multic...Miltão Ribeiro
A system for imaging magnetic surfaces using a magnetoresistive sensor array is developed. The experimental setup is composed of a linear array of 12 sensors uniformly spaced, with sensitivity of 150 pT∗Hz^{−1/2} at 1 Hz, and it is able to scan an area of (16 × 18) cm^{2} from a separation of 0.8 cm of the sources with a resolution of 0.3 cm. Moreover, the point spread function of the multi-sensor system is also studied, in order to characterize its transference function and to improve the quality in the restoration of images. Furthermore, the images are generated by mapping the response of the sensors due to the presence of phantoms constructed of iron oxide, which are magnetized by a pulse
of 80 mT. The magnetized phantoms are linearly scanned through the sensor array and the remanent magnetic field is acquired and displayed in gray levels using a PC. The images of the magnetic sources are reconstructed using two-dimensional generalized parametric Wiener filtering. Our results exhibit a very good capability to determine the spatial distribution of magnetic field sources, which produce magnetic fields of low intensity.
Publication Name: Review of Scientific Instruments.
Author: J. A. Leyva-Cruz, E. S. Ferreira, M. S. R. Miltão, A. V. Andrade-Neto, A. S. Alves, J. C. Estrada, and M. E. Cano.
Modeling, Simulation And Implementation Of Adaptive Optical System For Laser ...IJMER
Adaptive Optical System (AOS) for correction of beam jitter in a high power laser source is described. The jitter in a high power laser may results from platform vibrations and dynamically varying in-homogeneities in the lasing medium. The effect of beam jitter on the performance of high power laser in directed energy weapon (DEW) system is discussed. Simulation studies have been carried out to optimize parameters of jitter correction system. An experimental arrangement to stabilize a high power laser beam is described and results are presented.
This document describes a study investigating the resonant frequency of split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial structures. SRR unit cells with varying dimensions were simulated using HFSS electromagnetic simulation software. Analytical calculations of inductance and capacitance were also performed to determine the resonant frequencies. The simulated and calculated resonant frequencies were then compared. Good correlation was achieved between the simulated and calculated frequencies. Parametric analyses were performed by varying the spacing, width, and length of the SRR, and the effects on resonant frequency were examined.
The document discusses particle image velocimetry (PIV), which is a non-intrusive method for measuring fluid flow velocities. PIV works by seeding the fluid with particles and using a laser sheet and camera to capture particle images. Software then tracks the particle movements between images to calculate velocity vectors across the flow field. PIV has applications in analyzing flows around objects like fish, helicopters, and prosthetic heart valves. Advanced PIV systems are being developed that can perform 3D motion tracking.
This document discusses using metamaterials to improve wireless power transfer. It describes how Nikola Tesla experimented with wireless power transmission in the late 1800s. Metamaterials are periodic structures that can achieve unusual electromagnetic properties not found in nature. When placed above a microstrip patch antenna array, metamaterials were shown to increase the antenna gain, radiation efficiency, and total efficiency compared to the antenna array alone. The improved antenna performance when coupled with metamaterials allows for increased wireless power transmission range for applications such as smart grids.
This paper proposes a new solar thermal power plant design called the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR). The CLFR aims to reduce the costs of solar thermal power generation by using a more densely packed array of flat or curved glass reflectors that direct sunlight to elevated absorbers. This allows for lower tower heights, tighter reflector spacing, and simpler construction compared to traditional trough designs. The paper evaluates different configurations of the CLFR through optical and thermal modeling to determine the most promising designs. Key aspects examined include the orientation of the reflector field and absorbers, the use of secondary reflectors, and different reflector packing densities. The goal is to advance the CLFR concept towards commercialization.
El documento presenta una lista de cortometrajes y eventos culturales organizados por el Gobierno del Estado de Coahuila de Zaragosa y la Secretaría de Cultura. Se incluyen dos cortometrajes mexicanos, "Nación Apache" de 2009 y "La Música Silenciada" de 2013, dirigidos a adolescentes y adultos. También se anuncian un micrófono abierto el 22 de junio en El Saloncito y un maratón de bandas de rock locales el 25 de junio en la Concha Acústica de la Macroplaza.
Catálogo 15 de Oriflame con ofertas increíbles,nuevos productos para extrenar,si quieres probarlos solo tienes que hacerte socia y te ahorras un 23%,entra en
www.cosmeticamariluz.es
PLATA R. Giovanna, et al. 2013. Evaluación de poblaciones de Peronospora vari...LaQuinua
EVALUACIÓN DE POBLACIONES DE PERONOSPORA VARIABILIS EN LOS VALLES DE BOLIVIA
PLATA, G.1; TESTEN, A. 2 & BACKMAN, P. 2
(1) Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Fundación PROINPA – Promoción e Investigación de Productos Andinos. Cochabamba-Bolivia
(2) The Pennsylvania State University Department of Plant Pathology, University Park, PA, USA
Contacto del Autor: g.plata@proinpa.org
Trabajo realizado en el marco del proyecto SANREM-CRSP administrado por Virginia Tech
La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) es una Chenopodiacea que se cultiva en la región Andina de Sudamérica. Es un cultivo muy nutritivo y se cultiva bajo condiciones adversas de clima y de suelo. En estos últimos años, la producción de este grano ha adquirido mayor demanda por mercados internacionales (Norte América y Europa). Gracias a este incremento y por problemas del cambio climático (retraso de lluvias, concentración de períodos lluviosos alternados con períodos muy soleados), los productores buscan otros lugares como los valles para sembrar y satisfacer estas demandas.
Al igual que otros cultivos la quinua es afectada por diversas plagas, entre las enfermedades se destaca el mildiu de la quinua cuyo agente causal es Peronospora variabilis, este problema es ocasional en la región tradicional de cultivo pero no así en la región de los Valles que es muy severa, ocasionando pérdidas hasta del 50%, si las plantas son afectadas antes de la formación de panoja. Con el propósito de desarrollar estrategias de manejo integrado para estas nuevas zonas, se ha realizado un estudio de las diferentes poblaciones de Peronospora variabilis con el objeto de comparar su similitud o su diferencia y además seleccionar el mejor sitio para la evaluación de material resistente. La metodología empleada fue la recolección de foliolos enfermos y su posterior envió a la Universidad de Penn State para su caracterización molecular. Se recolectó muestras de 3 departamentos: Cochabamba, Oruro y Sucre, haciendo un total de 16 aislamientos para su estudio. De cada sitio se evaluaron cinco hojas (A-E) procediéndose a la extracción de ADN y la amplificación utilizando los arrancadores ITS4 y DC6. El método utilizado fue una PCR semianidada. Las secuencias obtenidas para los análisis filogenéticos fueron procesadas mediante ChromasLite (Technelysium Pty Ltd) y alineadas con el programa MUSCLE (Edgar, 2004) en MEGA5 y revisada manualmente. Analizados los datos, estos nos confirman que el agente causal es Peronospora variabilis, además que las poblaciones presentes en los diferentes sitios son y no son iguales. Por lo tanto, las variedades resistentes procedentes del programa de mejoramiento genético deberán ser evaluadas en diferentes regiones y deben satisfacer la demanda del mercado de una quinua orgánica.
Palabras clave: Quinua, Peronospora variabilis, aislamientos
Extended-Bandwidth Microstrip Circular Patch Antenna for Dual Band Applications IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new wideband microstrip circular patch antenna (MCPA) fed by proximity-coupled line with double-stub matching to achieve dual-band operation. Bandwidth extension is achieved by exciting higherorder modes in the circular radiating patch, and using two stubs to achieve adequate matching across the obtained two bands. The characteristics of the antenna such as reflection coefficient, impedance bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern are investigated and optimized through parametric studies using the CST Microwave Studio Suite. The antenna achieved a large relative bandwidth of 45.16% at the upper band, while the lower one has 10.3% relative bandwidth. The maximum achieved gain of the dual-band antenna in the 5.8GHz band is 4.62dBi while it is 4.85dBi in the upper band. The antenna has an overall size of 30×30×3.2mm3 corresponding to 0.58λ × 0.58 λ × 0.062 λ at the lower band of 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna should be useful for WLAN and X-band communication systems.
CT based Image Guided Radiotherapy - Physics & QASambasivaselli R
This document discusses quality assurance for CT-based image guided radiotherapy. It describes existing technologies like kV CBCT, MV CBCT and XVI imaging. It provides details on the XVI system including its x-ray generator, imaging panel, image acquisition and reconstruction process. The document outlines various quality assurance tests for geometric accuracy, image quality and registration including uniformity, spatial resolution and accuracy tests using phantoms.
SINK RELOCATION FOR NETWORK LIFETIME ENHANCEMENT METHOD IN WSNEditor IJMTER
The document proposes an energy-aware sink relocation (EASR) method to enhance the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. The EASR method uses information on the residual battery energy of sensor nodes to adaptively change their transmission ranges and determine where the sink should relocate to. It incorporates an energy-aware transmission range adjustment that sets smaller ranges for nodes with lower battery levels, and a sink relocation mechanism that moves the sink to alleviate energy consumption at hotspot nodes nearing energy depletion. Analysis and simulations show the EASR method can significantly extend network lifetime compared to traditional strategies.
This document discusses hyperspectral imaging technologies for multi-channel fiber sensing. It evaluates the spatial and spectral imaging performance of several aberration-corrected hyperspectral imaging spectrographs. Ray trace images and focal plane maps are presented to demonstrate the spatial and spectral reproduction accuracy over the entire back focal plane. The document focuses on retro-reflective concentric imaging spectrographs and their ability to precisely reproduce spectral images from arrays of optical fibers, minimizing crosstalk between channels.
The document describes the development of an open-source optical trapping microscope to manipulate and study nano- and micro-components. Key features of the microscope include x-, y-, and z-motion control of the sample stage, piezoelectric microfluidic chambers, Köhler illumination, and automated particle tracking capabilities. Preliminary experiments were conducted to characterize a single-beam laser optical trap, including analysis of the three-dimensional trapping potential and algorithms to compensate for factors limiting trap quality. Improvements and further research areas are discussed, such as using higher laser power and extracting z-direction information about optical traps.
A new design and a new application of a metamaterial that converts 36.8% of incident power from a 900 MHz signal into usable dc voltage.experimentally rectified by an array of metamaterial unit cells.
The aim of this paper is to present the essential elements of the electro-optical imaging system EOIS for space applications and how these elements can affect its function. After designing a spacecraft for low orbiting missions during day time, the design of an electro-imaging system becomes an important part in the satellite because the satellite will be able to take images of the regions of interest. An example of an electro-optical satellite imaging system will be presented through this paper where some restrictions have to be considered during the design process. Based on the optics principals and ray tracing techniques the dimensions of lenses and CCD (Charge Coupled Device) detector are changed matching the physical satellite requirements. However, many experiments were done in the physics lab to prove that the resizing of the electro optical elements of the imaging system does not affect the imaging mission configuration. The procedures used to measure the field of view and ground resolution will be discussed through this work. Examples of satellite images will be illustrated to show the ground resolution effects.
DPS material
DNG material ( Do not depend on the chemical composition, Depend on the geometry of the structure units, Metamaterials are artificial engineered composite structures, Not commonly found in nature)
MNG material
ENG material
Optical antennas are devices designed to efficiently convert between propagating optical radiation and localized energy. Like radio frequency antennas, optical antennas can increase the interaction area of local absorbers or emitters with free radiation. Key aspects of optical antennas include their operation based on plasmonics and impedance matching. They can be fabricated using electron beam lithography or focused ion beam milling at the nanoscale. Applications include imaging, photovoltaics, and coherent control. Optical antennas provide opportunities for new optoelectronic architectures and devices by controlling light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
Reconstruction of magnetic source images using the Wiener filter and a multic...Miltão Ribeiro
A system for imaging magnetic surfaces using a magnetoresistive sensor array is developed. The experimental setup is composed of a linear array of 12 sensors uniformly spaced, with sensitivity of 150 pT∗Hz^{−1/2} at 1 Hz, and it is able to scan an area of (16 × 18) cm^{2} from a separation of 0.8 cm of the sources with a resolution of 0.3 cm. Moreover, the point spread function of the multi-sensor system is also studied, in order to characterize its transference function and to improve the quality in the restoration of images. Furthermore, the images are generated by mapping the response of the sensors due to the presence of phantoms constructed of iron oxide, which are magnetized by a pulse
of 80 mT. The magnetized phantoms are linearly scanned through the sensor array and the remanent magnetic field is acquired and displayed in gray levels using a PC. The images of the magnetic sources are reconstructed using two-dimensional generalized parametric Wiener filtering. Our results exhibit a very good capability to determine the spatial distribution of magnetic field sources, which produce magnetic fields of low intensity.
Publication Name: Review of Scientific Instruments.
Author: J. A. Leyva-Cruz, E. S. Ferreira, M. S. R. Miltão, A. V. Andrade-Neto, A. S. Alves, J. C. Estrada, and M. E. Cano.
Modeling, Simulation And Implementation Of Adaptive Optical System For Laser ...IJMER
Adaptive Optical System (AOS) for correction of beam jitter in a high power laser source is described. The jitter in a high power laser may results from platform vibrations and dynamically varying in-homogeneities in the lasing medium. The effect of beam jitter on the performance of high power laser in directed energy weapon (DEW) system is discussed. Simulation studies have been carried out to optimize parameters of jitter correction system. An experimental arrangement to stabilize a high power laser beam is described and results are presented.
This document describes a study investigating the resonant frequency of split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial structures. SRR unit cells with varying dimensions were simulated using HFSS electromagnetic simulation software. Analytical calculations of inductance and capacitance were also performed to determine the resonant frequencies. The simulated and calculated resonant frequencies were then compared. Good correlation was achieved between the simulated and calculated frequencies. Parametric analyses were performed by varying the spacing, width, and length of the SRR, and the effects on resonant frequency were examined.
The document discusses particle image velocimetry (PIV), which is a non-intrusive method for measuring fluid flow velocities. PIV works by seeding the fluid with particles and using a laser sheet and camera to capture particle images. Software then tracks the particle movements between images to calculate velocity vectors across the flow field. PIV has applications in analyzing flows around objects like fish, helicopters, and prosthetic heart valves. Advanced PIV systems are being developed that can perform 3D motion tracking.
This document discusses using metamaterials to improve wireless power transfer. It describes how Nikola Tesla experimented with wireless power transmission in the late 1800s. Metamaterials are periodic structures that can achieve unusual electromagnetic properties not found in nature. When placed above a microstrip patch antenna array, metamaterials were shown to increase the antenna gain, radiation efficiency, and total efficiency compared to the antenna array alone. The improved antenna performance when coupled with metamaterials allows for increased wireless power transmission range for applications such as smart grids.
This paper proposes a new solar thermal power plant design called the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR). The CLFR aims to reduce the costs of solar thermal power generation by using a more densely packed array of flat or curved glass reflectors that direct sunlight to elevated absorbers. This allows for lower tower heights, tighter reflector spacing, and simpler construction compared to traditional trough designs. The paper evaluates different configurations of the CLFR through optical and thermal modeling to determine the most promising designs. Key aspects examined include the orientation of the reflector field and absorbers, the use of secondary reflectors, and different reflector packing densities. The goal is to advance the CLFR concept towards commercialization.
El documento presenta una lista de cortometrajes y eventos culturales organizados por el Gobierno del Estado de Coahuila de Zaragosa y la Secretaría de Cultura. Se incluyen dos cortometrajes mexicanos, "Nación Apache" de 2009 y "La Música Silenciada" de 2013, dirigidos a adolescentes y adultos. También se anuncian un micrófono abierto el 22 de junio en El Saloncito y un maratón de bandas de rock locales el 25 de junio en la Concha Acústica de la Macroplaza.
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PLATA R. Giovanna, et al. 2013. Evaluación de poblaciones de Peronospora vari...LaQuinua
EVALUACIÓN DE POBLACIONES DE PERONOSPORA VARIABILIS EN LOS VALLES DE BOLIVIA
PLATA, G.1; TESTEN, A. 2 & BACKMAN, P. 2
(1) Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Fundación PROINPA – Promoción e Investigación de Productos Andinos. Cochabamba-Bolivia
(2) The Pennsylvania State University Department of Plant Pathology, University Park, PA, USA
Contacto del Autor: g.plata@proinpa.org
Trabajo realizado en el marco del proyecto SANREM-CRSP administrado por Virginia Tech
La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) es una Chenopodiacea que se cultiva en la región Andina de Sudamérica. Es un cultivo muy nutritivo y se cultiva bajo condiciones adversas de clima y de suelo. En estos últimos años, la producción de este grano ha adquirido mayor demanda por mercados internacionales (Norte América y Europa). Gracias a este incremento y por problemas del cambio climático (retraso de lluvias, concentración de períodos lluviosos alternados con períodos muy soleados), los productores buscan otros lugares como los valles para sembrar y satisfacer estas demandas.
Al igual que otros cultivos la quinua es afectada por diversas plagas, entre las enfermedades se destaca el mildiu de la quinua cuyo agente causal es Peronospora variabilis, este problema es ocasional en la región tradicional de cultivo pero no así en la región de los Valles que es muy severa, ocasionando pérdidas hasta del 50%, si las plantas son afectadas antes de la formación de panoja. Con el propósito de desarrollar estrategias de manejo integrado para estas nuevas zonas, se ha realizado un estudio de las diferentes poblaciones de Peronospora variabilis con el objeto de comparar su similitud o su diferencia y además seleccionar el mejor sitio para la evaluación de material resistente. La metodología empleada fue la recolección de foliolos enfermos y su posterior envió a la Universidad de Penn State para su caracterización molecular. Se recolectó muestras de 3 departamentos: Cochabamba, Oruro y Sucre, haciendo un total de 16 aislamientos para su estudio. De cada sitio se evaluaron cinco hojas (A-E) procediéndose a la extracción de ADN y la amplificación utilizando los arrancadores ITS4 y DC6. El método utilizado fue una PCR semianidada. Las secuencias obtenidas para los análisis filogenéticos fueron procesadas mediante ChromasLite (Technelysium Pty Ltd) y alineadas con el programa MUSCLE (Edgar, 2004) en MEGA5 y revisada manualmente. Analizados los datos, estos nos confirman que el agente causal es Peronospora variabilis, además que las poblaciones presentes en los diferentes sitios son y no son iguales. Por lo tanto, las variedades resistentes procedentes del programa de mejoramiento genético deberán ser evaluadas en diferentes regiones y deben satisfacer la demanda del mercado de una quinua orgánica.
Palabras clave: Quinua, Peronospora variabilis, aislamientos
Madhuri Wadhwani's curriculum vitae provides her employment history working as a supervisor for 16 stores and sales assistant for Emkay Stores Ltd. in Banjul, The Gambia from 2013 to 2014 and currently working as an executive assistant at Radisson Blu Agra since 2015. She received a Bachelor of Education degree in Economics and English from Singhania University in 2015 and an Advanced Diploma in Human Resource Development with distinction from Banjul Institute of Professional Studies in The Gambia in 2014.
I si «mentrestant» creem institucions comunitàries? Els buits urbans com a op...BarrisCrisi
Cruz Gallach, H. & Martínez Moreno, R. (2016) "I si «mentrestant» creem institucions comunitàries? Els buits urbans com a oportunitat". In: Fernández, M & Gifreu, J. (dir.). La utiltzació dels buits urbans. Barcelona: Diputació de Barcelona, pp. 172-183.
Web Architectures - Web Technologies (1019888BNR)Beat Signer
The document discusses the basic client-server web architecture. It describes how when a user enters a URL in their browser, the browser uses DNS to find the IP address of the web server, then establishes a TCP connection and sends an HTTP request. The web server receives the request, fetches the requested resource, and sends an HTTP response which is then displayed in the browser.
This document provides information about a company that provides document processing and management solutions. It was founded in 1999 in Portugal as Arquivagest and has since expanded to 5 processing centers across Europe and Africa. It has 300 employees, processes over 30 million pages per year, and provides solutions across multiple industries. The company's products and services include capture, processing, records management, and professional services.
Presentación de Gorka Espiau, director de Innovación para las Regiones y Ciudades de The Young Foundation, en la sesión abierta del Máster en Estrategias y Tecnologías para el Desarrollo del 2 de diciembre
Contexto historico y social desde 1975 hasta la actualidadpatriimatabuena
Este documento resume los principales eventos históricos y sociales desde 1975 hasta la actualidad en España y el mundo. Algunos hitos clave incluyen la transición a la democracia en España después de Franco, la caída del muro de Berlín y el fin de la Guerra Fría, el 11 de septiembre, la crisis económica global de 2008, y recientes desafíos como la ola de refugiados en Europa y ataques terroristas.
Proposal Reuni Akbar SMK Taman Karya Madya, KebumenHerri Setiawan
Proposal ini merencanakan pelaksanaan Reuni Akbar Alumni SMK Taman Karya Madya Kebumen tahun 2013 untuk meningkatkan persaudaraan antar alumni dan kerjasama dengan sekolah. Acara direncanakan pada 10 Agustus 2013 di SMK Taman Karya Madya Kebumen dengan berbagai kegiatan seperti registrasi, pembukaan, pelantikan pengurus ikatan alumni, hiburan, dan makan bersama.
Performance Coating Additive by DELTA specialtiesAbhay Mehrotra
This document discusses various performance additives used in coatings. It describes additives for processing/storage, application, film formation, and service life of coatings. Specific additive types are outlined for each stage including dispersing agents, defoamers, coalescing agents, cross-linking agents, and more. Mechanisms, advantages, factors affecting dispersion and defects caused by poor stabilization are explained. The document also provides information on Delta Specialties' line of performance additives.
Este documento presenta información sobre la biodiversidad y técnicas para preservarla. Explica que México es uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad en el mundo y define biodiversidad como la variabilidad de organismos vivos incluyendo ecosistemas terrestres, marinos y acuáticos. También cubre factores que afectan la biodiversidad como la actividad humana y métodos de conservación.
The document summarizes the vegetable industry in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. It notes that semi-temperate vegetables contribute 30-35% of the region's agricultural GDP and are a major livelihood for over 97,000 farmers. It identifies issues facing the industry like unstable supply, quality, and prices due to factors throughout production and distribution. The major vegetables produced are broccoli, cabbage, carrots, Chinese cabbage, and potatoes.
The document summarizes commissioning and completions consultancy services provided by qedi Consultancy. They offer expertise in commissioning, completions, and start-up planning from the early project stages through detailed design, fabrication, and operations. Their ad-hoc consulting services provide cost-effective support for developing control mechanisms, strategies, budgets and schedules to minimize costs and ensure projects are delivered on time.
Compact X-Band LINAC structure design for KAERI-RTX-ISU Medical CyberKnife Pr...downtrev
This document describes the design of a compact X-band linear accelerator (linac) structure for a medical CyberKnife project conducted by Idaho State University, the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, and Radiation Technology eXcellence. The linac structure was designed using 2D SUPERFISH and 3D CST MICROWAVE STUDIO electromagnetic simulation programs. Key aspects of the design include optimizing a 15-cell π-mode standing wave linac structure and RF coupler to operate at 9.3 GHz, with the goal of achieving a compact, lightweight X-band linac that can be attached to a robotic arm for precise cancer treatment.
This document describes the design of a compact X-band linear accelerator (linac) structure for a medical CyberKnife project conducted by Idaho State University, the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, and Radiation Technology eXcellence. The linac structure was designed using 2D SUPERFISH and 3D CST MICROWAVE STUDIO electromagnetic simulation programs. Key aspects of the design include optimizing a 15-cell π-mode standing wave linac structure and RF coupler to operate at 9.3 GHz, with the goal of achieving a compact, lightweight X-band linac that can be attached to a robotic arm for precise cancer treatment.
This document describes the design of a patch antenna that can operate at multiple frequency bands using metamaterials. A rectangular patch antenna is designed to operate at 3 GHz. Then, a unit cell of complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is designed to also operate at 3 GHz. An array of this CSRR unit cell is placed on the patch to act as a metamaterial and enable multiband operation. Specifically, the antenna is designed to resonate in the Bluetooth, WiMax and Wi-Fi bands. Simulation results using HFSS software show that the proposed antenna provides good performance in terms of voltage standing wave ratio, return loss and impedance matching for multiband operation.
This document summarizes a student project that developed an apparatus to measure the coherence length of lasers using a modified Michelson interferometer. The apparatus was used to compare the coherence lengths of a diode laser and He-Ne laser. Fringes produced by scanning the adjustable mirror demonstrated that visibility decreased more for the diode laser, indicating its shorter coherence length compared to the He-Ne laser. The project provides results of the interference patterns produced and confirms the diode laser has a wider bandwidth based on the models and data collected.
This document summarizes a study that estimated and removed scatter and anti-scatter grid line artifacts from images of anthropomorphic head phantoms taken with a high resolution detector and stationary anti-scatter grid. Scatter profiles were estimated by imaging the phantoms with lead markers and interpolating grayscale values under the markers. Iteratively modifying the scatter profiles minimized structured noise across the field of view, almost totally eliminating grid line artifacts. Images before and after correction showed improved contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio, demonstrating that computational tools can correct for grid artifacts even in dynamic imaging sequences.
Improving the performance parameters of microstrip patch antenna by using ebg...eSAT Journals
Abstract Antibiotic toxicity and multi drug resistant pathogens are the two greatest challenges being faced by today's medical world. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of spices has been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in order to tackle these dangers. In search of bioactive compound, methanol and acetone extract of 5 Indian spices were screened for antibacterial property. The choice of spice as an alternative is based on two basic reasons: firstly, plants have been the model source of medicine since ancient times and secondly, the increasing acceptance of herbal medicines by general population methanolic and acetone extracts were used to determine antifungal properties of the spices. The antifungal activity of five common Indian spices namely clove, ajwain, turmeric, dalchini and black pepper against two bacteria Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of spices (MIC values of 20- 100 μl/ml) have high antimicrobial activities on all test organisms (range of inhibition, 6- 16 mm) as compare to acetone extracts of spices in same concentration. Results concluded that these spices contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preservater and it can also use for medicinal purpose. Keywords: Antibacterial Properties, Secondary Metabolites, Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens.
This document summarizes research on improving the performance of microstrip patch antennas by using an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) substrate. It describes how EBG structures can suppress surface waves in patch antennas to increase bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. The document analyzes the design and simulation of a rectangular patch antenna surrounded by a cylindrical EBG structure consisting of metallic rings and vias. Simulation results show the EBG substrate increases bandwidth to over 10% and boosts gain from 6dB to 7.7dB compared to a standard patch antenna.
Construction of inexpensive Web-Cam based Optical Spectrometer usingSoares Fernando
This document describes the construction and use of an inexpensive webcam-based optical spectrometer for quantitative spectroscopic studies. Key points:
- An inexpensive spectrometer was built from readily available materials like DVDs, cardboard, tape and glue to enable students to measure electromagnetic spectra as a function of wavelength within 10s of nm resolution and accuracy.
- The spectrometer was calibrated using known emission lines from a helium source and the hydrogen emission spectrum was analyzed, matching theoretical predictions to within 0.04% error.
- The low-cost nature of this device makes it suitable for equipping large classes for hands-on spectroscopy experiments and studies in resource-limited educational settings.
Investigation of Anomalous Thrust and Proposal for Future ExperimentationBrian Kraft
The document summarizes an experiment investigating anomalous thrust from an asymmetric resonant cavity. A second phase is proposed using a copper frustum cavity excited in the TE011 mode by a 200W solid state amplifier at 1.8-2.4GHz. Computer simulations will ensure resonance. The apparatus will use a pendulum to measure thrust to a resolution of 0.5mN. Previous experiments observed anomalous thrust but results varied due to inconsistent procedures. The second phase aims to replicate previous experiments more rigorously.
Aggelos Katsaggelos, Professor and AT&T Chair, Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science (IEEE/ SPIE Fellow, IEEE SPS DL), Sparse and Redundant Representations: Theory and Applications
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This paper presents the designed of varians array in curved microstripline antenna for radar communication. The antenna geometry comprises of three varians in matrics 2x2, 2x4 and 4x4 dimensions. The several array operates in C-Band frequencies (4GHz – 8GHz) and X-Band frequencies (8GHz-12GHz) with a 1.82 VSWR, -18.72dB Return loss, 0.29 reflection coefficient, and 5.8dB gain for 2x2 array, 1.64 VSWR, -16.17dB Return loss, 0.24 reflection coefficient, and 5.4dB gain for 2x4 array, 1.04 VSWR, - 37.70dB Return loss, 0.19 reflection coefficient, and 7.6dB gain for 4x4 array. All of the varians in array elements are feed using a direct feeding technique. This array antenna is suitable developed for use in radar communication systems.
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This paper presents the designed of varians array in curved microstripline antenna for radar communication. The antenna geometry comprises of three varians in matrics 2x2, 2x4 and 4x4 dimensions. The several array operates in C-Band frequencies (4GHz – 8GHz) and X-Band frequencies (8GHz-12GHz) with a 1.82 VSWR, -18.72dB Return loss, 0.29 reflection coefficient, and 5.8dB gain for 2x2 array, 1.64 VSWR, -16.17dB Return loss, 0.24 reflection coefficient, and 5.4dB gain for 2x4 array, 1.04 VSWR, -37.70dB Return loss, 0.19 reflection coefficient, and 7.6dB gain for 4x4 array. All of the varians in array elements are feed using a direct feeding technique. This array antenna is suitable developed for use in radar communication systems.
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This document summarizes research on the design of curved microstrip line array antennas for radar communication systems. Three variants of the antenna array were designed: 2x2, 2x4, and 4x4 arrays. The antennas were designed to operate in C-band (4-8 GHz) and X-band (8-12 GHz) frequencies. Simulation and measurement results showed that the 4x4 array achieved the best performance with a VSWR of 1.04, return loss of -37.7 dB, reflection coefficient of 0.19, and gain of 7.6 dB, meeting requirements for radar communication applications. Fabrication of the antenna arrays involved printing circuit designs on an FR-4 substrate using a photolith
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This paper presents the designed of varians array in curved microstripline antenna for radar communication. The antenna geometry comprises of three varians in matrics 2x2, 2x4 and 4x4 dimensions. The several array operates in C-Band frequencies (4GHz – 8GHz) and X-Band frequencies (8GHz-12GHz) with a 1.82 VSWR, -18.72dB Return loss, 0.29 reflection coefficient, and 5.8dB gain for 2x2 array, 1.64 VSWR, -16.17dB Return loss, 0.24 reflection coefficient, and 5.4dB gain for 2x4 array, 1.04 VSWR, -37.70dB Return loss, 0.19 reflection coefficient, and 7.6dB gain for 4x4 array. All of the varians in array elements are feed using a direct feeding technique. This array antenna is suitable developed for use in radar communication systems.
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This paper presents the designed of varians array in curved microstripline antenna for radar
communication. The antenna geometry comprises of three varians in matrics 2x2, 2x4 and 4x4 dimensions.
The several array operates in C-Band frequencies (4GHz – 8GHz) and X-Band frequencies (8GHz-12GHz)
with a 1.82 VSWR, -18.72dB Return loss, 0.29 reflection coefficient, and 5.8dB gain for 2x2 array, 1.64
VSWR, -16.17dB Return loss, 0.24 reflection coefficient, and 5.4dB gain for 2x4 array, 1.04 VSWR, -
37.70dB Return loss, 0.19 reflection coefficient, and 7.6dB gain for 4x4 array. All of the varians in array
elements are feed using a direct feeding technique. This array antenna is suitable developed for use in
radar communication systems.
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This document summarizes research on the design of curved microstrip line array antennas for radar communication systems. Three variants of the antenna array were designed: 2x2, 2x4, and 4x4 arrays. The antennas were designed to operate in C-band (4-8 GHz) and X-band (8-12 GHz) frequencies. Simulation and measurement results showed that the 4x4 array achieved the best performance with a VSWR of 1.04, return loss of -37.7 dB, reflection coefficient of 0.19, and gain of 7.6 dB, meeting requirements for radar communication applications. Fabrication of the antenna arrays involved printing circuit designs on an FR-4 substrate using a photolith
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This paper presents the designed of varians array in curved microstripline antenna for radar communication. The antenna geometry comprises of three varians in matrics 2x2, 2x4 and 4x4 dimensions. The several array operates in C-Band frequencies (4GHz – 8GHz) and X-Band frequencies (8GHz-12GHz) with a 1.82 VSWR, -18.72dB Return loss, 0.29 reflection coefficient, and 5.8dB gain for 2x2 array, 1.64 VSWR, -16.17dB Return loss, 0.24 reflection coefficient, and 5.4dB gain for 2x4 array, 1.04 VSWR, -37.70dB Return loss, 0.19 reflection coefficient, and 7.6dB gain for 4x4 array. All of the varians in array elements are feed using a direct feeding technique. This array antenna is suitable developed for use in radar communication systems.
ARRAY FACTOR IN CURVED MICROSTRIPLINE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR RADAR COMMUNICATION S...jantjournal
This paper presents the designed of varians array in curved microstripline antenna for radar communication. The antenna geometry comprises of three varians in matrics 2x2, 2x4 and 4x4 dimensions. The several array operates in C-Band frequencies (4GHz – 8GHz) and X-Band frequencies (8GHz-12GHz) with a 1.82 VSWR, -18.72dB Return loss, 0.29 reflection coefficient, and 5.8dB gain for 2x2 array, 1.64 VSWR, -16.17dB Return loss, 0.24 reflection coefficient, and 5.4dB gain for 2x4 array, 1.04 VSWR, -37.70dB Return loss, 0.19 reflection coefficient, and 7.6dB gain for 4x4 array. All of the varians in array elements are feed using a direct feeding technique. This array antenna is suitable developed for use in radar communication systems.
1. The document describes modeling a magnetic actuator in Ansoft Maxwell software to analyze the magnetic field and forces on the armature. Two experiments were conducted - examining forces over displacement with 1A current, and examining current required over displacement with two spring constants.
2. Theoretical calculations from a textbook were compared to simulation results. Simulation results closely matched theoretical forces and showed forces remained constant over displacement as expected.
3. Comparing the two spring constants showed a lower value allows more movement with less current, while a higher value allows more precise positioning but requires more current.
Expert system of single magnetic lens using JESS in Focused Ion Beamijcsa
This work shows expert system of symmetrical single magnetic lens used in focused ion beam optical system. Java expert system shell(JESS) programming is proposed to build the intelligent agent "MOPTION"for getting an optimum magnetic flux density , and calculate the ion optical trajectory. The combination of such rule based engine and SIMION 8.1 has configured the reconstruction process and compiled the data retrieved by the proposed expert system agent to implement the pole-pieces reconstruction for lens design. The pole pieces reconstruction has been resulted in 3D graph , and under the infinite magnification conditions of the optical path, aberration (spherical / chromatic and total) disks diameters have been obtained and got the values (0.03,0.13 and 0.133) micron (μm) respectively.
Expert system of single magnetic lens using JESS in Focused Ion Beam
MOPG70_160830
1. DEVELOPMENT AND COMMISSIONING OF THE NEXT GENERATION
X-RAY BEAM SIZE MONITOR IN CESR *
N.T. Rider, S.T. Barrett, M.G. Billing, J.V.Conway, B. Heltsley, A. Mikhailichenko, D.P.
Peterson, D. Rubin, J.P. Shanks, S. Wang, CLASSE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853,
U.S.A
Abstract
The CESR Test Accelerator (CESRTA) program targets
the study of beam physics issues relevant to linear collider
damping rings and other low emittance storage rings.
This endeavour requires new instrumentation to study the
beam dynamics along trains of ultra-low emittance
bunches. A key element of the program has been the
design, commissioning and operation of an x-ray beam
size monitor capable, on a turn by turn basis, of collecting
single pass measurements of each individual bunch in a
train over many thousands of turns. The x-ray beam size
monitor development has matured to include the design of
a new instrument which has been permanently integrated
into the storage ring. A new beamline has been designed
and constructed which allows for the extraction of x-rays
from the positron beam using a newly developed electro
magnet pair. This new instrument utilizes custom, high
bandwidth amplifiers and digitization hardware and
firmware to collect signals from a linear InGaAs diode
array. This paper reports on the development of this new
instrument and its integration into storage ring operation
including vacuum component design, electromagnet de-
sign, electronics and capabilities.
INTRODUCTION
The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) provides
electron and positron beams which are used for accelera-
tor research and as a synchrotron light source. Both of
these applications require diagnostic equipment and in-
strumentation to maintain particle beam and x-ray quality.
The Next Generation x-Ray Beam Size Monitor
(NGXBSM) is part of a suite of instrumentation devel-
oped for this purpose. The NGXBSM is a natural evolu-
tion of the instrument which was developed during the
early stages of the CESRTA program. This instrument
images x-rays from a bending magnet through a pinhole
optical element on to a 32x1 pixel linear array detector.
Figure 1 shows the basic concept of beam size measure-
ment using x-rays.
Fig 1: XBSM Concept
The development program has thus far leveraged the
existing beam line and support structure of the experi-
mental hutches at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron
Source (CHESS). While this arrangement was conven-
ient, it was also temporary. The instrument was disas-
sembled at the end of every CESRTA run and reinstalled,
aligned and calibrated at the beginning of the next run.
This prevented the use of the instrument during normal
CHESS operations and limited development opportuni-
ties. The instrument provides valuable beam tuning in-
formation and an effort was undertaken to design and
build a permanently installed instrument in CESR. The
new instrument is a simplified application of the first
generation technology. It provides vertical beam size
measurements on a bunch by bunch and turn by turn ba-
sis. The available optical elements include a 35 micron
vertical pinhole, a 200 micron vertical pinhole and an
unlimited opening. These were chosen to support the
typical operating energies of CESR, 2.085 GeV and 5.3
GeV. The instrument is capable of operating with CESR
beam energies down to 1.8 GeV. First generation data
acquisition electronics and software have been utilized to
capture and process the x-ray images.
ACCELERATOR INTEGRATION
In order to reduce the risk to the accelerator vacuum
system, it was decided to pursue a windowed beam line
design with the optical elements and detector outside of
the CESR beam pipe. A beryllium window provides
physical separation between the CESR and NGXBSM
beam pipes. Usable x-ray intensity across the energy
range of the accelerator is maintained by utilizing multi-
ple x-ray sources. At 5.3 GeV an existing hard bend mag-
net is used as the x-ray source. At 2.085 GeV, a new two
pole source magnet has been designed and constructed to
provide the x-ray source. This new magnet is required to
provide sufficient x-ray flux through the beryllium win-
dow at lower CESR beam energies. The spatial require-
ments of the new beam line coupled with the requirement
for the installation of a new source magnet, limited poten-
tial instrument locations in the CESR tunnel. The loca-
tion chosen for this new instrument forced an overall
reduction in length of the x-ray path fromsource to detec-
tor when compared to the first generation instrument.
Since the instrument is effectively a pinhole camera, this
serves to reduce the effective magnification from source
to detector. In order to offset this effect, the detector has
been tilted at a 60 degree angle to functionally reduce the
pixel height and increase resolution. The present configu-
ration has a distance from source to optic of 4.4m or
6.76m, depending on which source is used, and a distance
from optic to detector of 4.4m. Motorized stages are used
to allow for precision alignment of the optical elements
Bending Magnet
Detector
Particle Beam
X-rays
Pinhole
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*Work supportedby NSF grant PHY-0734867 and DOE grant DE-
FC02-08ER41538
2. and the detector. Figure 2 shows a functional overview of
the instrument and key CESR components.
Fig 2: NGXBSM Functional Diagram
VACUUM COMPONENTS
In order to transfer the x-rays from CESR to the detec-
tor, a flared vacuum chamber, beam line crotch, beryllium
window and dedicated beam line have been designed and
installed in CESR.
The flared vacuum chamber is installed inside of a
standard CESR hard bend magnet and has a large flange
which mates with the beam line crotch.
The beam line crotch is a water cooled copper device
which absorbs the fan of synchrotron radiation while
allowing the particle beam and the x-rays to pass down
their respective lines. The shape of the crotch was care-
fully designed to absorb the synchrotron radiation energy
across all operating parameters for CESR. The beryllium
window is 200 microns thick, 38 mm in diameter and
allows for the x-rays to pass from CESR vacuum into the
NGXBSM beam line. The NGXBSM beam line is rough
pumped and backfilled with helium. This provides a
clean medium so as to minimize x-ray scatter and con-
tamination. The window provides vacuum isolation as
well as filters out high energy x-rays. All vacuum com-
ponents are cooled with 85 degree Fahrenheit water
which is sourced from the main CESR cooling loop.
Figure 3 shows these new components as installed.
Fig 3: NGXBSM Vacuum Components
LOW ENERGY SOURCE MAGNET
An electro magnet pair has been designed and con-
structed to support operation at low energy. This pair, in
conjunction with an additional CESR magnet, provides
the horizontal beam trajectory necessary to generate x-
rays which are of useful energy and direction. This tra-
jectory requires a minimum of three poles to close the
horizontal orbit bump which is created at the source point.
The new magnet was limited to two poles due to spatial
constraints. An additional trim winding, which is part of
a normal CESR bending magnet, is used to close the
beam orbit disturbance created by the NGXBSM source
magnet. Maximum horizontal beam orbit displacement
within the source magnet is calculated to be 5.2 mm radi-
ally outward.
The two magnet poles are powered by a common 60
Volt, 300 Amp switched power supply. The current pro-
vided by the supply is controlled via the CESR control
system. This allows for a design field of 4.5 kG in the
shorter pole and 1.5 kG in the longer pole. The ratio
between these two magnet poles provides the proper
CESR beam trajectory for x-ray transmission. A 25 Amp
active shunt is connected around the long pole and allows
for precision adjustment of this ratio. The x-ray source
point is provided by the short pole. Figure 4 shows the
magnet as installed.
Q47 Q47AW Q48S47
BPM
Buttons
Crotch
Quad
Sextapole
Quad Quad
HB47AW SB48
BPM
Buttons
xBSM
Source
Magnet
Be
Window
xBSM
Pinhole
Optic
xBSM
Detector
Box
New Vacuum Section
Straight #1
New Vacuum Section Flared
xBSM Beam Line
DipoleDipole BPM
Buttons
CESR
WEST
CESR
EAST
New Vacuum Section Straight #2
HB46W
Dipole
5.3 GeV Source
Low Energy Source
Crotch
NGXBSM Beam Line & Be Window
CESR Beam Line
Long Pole
Short Pole
3. Fig 4: NGXBSM Source Magnet
The design magnetic field characteristics for the new
source magnet are shown in Figure 5.
Fig 5: Magnetic Field Map Of NGBSM Magnet
X-RAY SPECTRUM
The NGXBSM utilizes the same detector as the origi-
nal instrument. This detector was used in conjunction
with an existing hard bend magnet in CESR. The detector
response has been extensively studied over the course of
the CESRTA program. Figure 6 shows the inferred detec-
tor response as well as the transmission characteristics of
the 200 micron beryllium window. The detector response
was determined empirically by using a variety of filters
with a constant x-ray source.
Fig 6: Detector Response and Be Window Transmis-
sion
The new source magnet has a calculated output spec-
trum as shown in Figure 7. Here, intensity is defined to
be electromagnetic energy per unit time per unit area
perpendicular to the x-ray beam while operating at a
CESR beam energy of 2.085 GeV.
Fig 7: 2.085 GeV x-Ray Spectrum
For CESR operations at 5.3 GeV, the existing bend
magnet has a calculated output spectrum as shown in
Figure 8. A 1.5 mm aluminium filter is required to lower
the intensity so as to not saturate the detector. This filter
is removable for operation at lower CESR beam energies.
Fig 7: 5.3 GeV x-Ray Spectrum
ACCELERATOR OPTICS
In order to create enough physical space in CESR for
the installation of the new source magnet, several quad-
rupole magnets were moved. These changes coupled
with the effect of the two pole source magnet at 2.085
GeV forced a redesign of the CESR magnetic optics.
The trim winding of the closest CESR bending magnet is
used to close the horizontal bump which is introduced by
the two pole source magnet. After correction we are left
with a RMS orbit ripple of 111 microns and an RMS
horizontal dispersion ripple of 1.9 mm. This results in
an increase in horizontal emittance of 1.5%. This in-
crease is deemed acceptable.
At 5.3 GeV the existing hard bend magnet is used
with no impact on beam characteristics for CHESS opera-
tions.
MEASUREMENTS
At this point in the project, x-rays have been delivered
to the detector at both 2.085 GeV and 5.3 GeV. The pin-
hole optical elements have been manufactured but have
not yet been used to image the beam. During alignment,
a digital camera was used to capture the x-ray beamposi-
tion on the aluminium flag. Figure 9 shows the x-ray
fluorescence on the aluminium filter at 5.3 GeV.
4. Fig 9: x-ray Fluorescence At 5.3 GeV
Once basic alignment was achieved, the detector and
accompanying electronics were used to capture an x-ray
profile of the straight through beam. Careful timing cali-
brations were performed to align the sampling electronics
with the revolving bunch in CESR. This calibration posi-
tions the sampling point on the peak of the induced sig-
nals produced by each diode segment. Typical alignment
procedures produce temporal alignment within 50 pico
seconds. Figure 10 shows the detector response of
straight through beamat 2.085 GeV.
Fig 10: Straight Through Beam Image At 2.085 GeV
FUTURE EFFORTS
The motorized pinhole stage has been completed and
will be installed prior to the CESR accelerator start up in
October 2016. It is expected that alignment will be com-
pleted and measurements at 5.3 GeV will be made using
the 35 and 200 micron pinhole optics. Figure 11 shows
the pinhole stage prior to installation.
Fig 11: NGXBSM Pinhole Stage
The instrument will then be used for experimental
measurements as part of normal CHESS operations.
2.085 GeV alignment and measurements will be made
during the December 2016 CESRTA run. Additional
efforts to improve the quality of the detector itself are
being planned.
CONCLUSION
The transition of the xBSM instrument from temporary
prototype to permanently installed instrument has re-
quired significant intellectual and physical investment.
New hardware, software and operating procedures have
been developed and are presently being tested. It is ex-
pected that the instrument will be commissioned and
placed into regular operation by the end of 2016.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The NGXBSM development team would like to thank
the staff at CESR and CHESS for assisting in the devel-
opment of the NGXBSM. Without the riggers, surveyors,
technicians, operators and craftspeople this work would
not be possible.
REFERENCES
[1] J.P. Alexander et al, TH5RFP026, PAC09
[2] J.P. Alexander et al, TH5RFP027, PAC09
[3] J.W. Flanagan et al, TH5RFP048, PAC09
[4] D. P. Peterson et al, MOPE090, PAC10
[5] J.W. Flanagan et al, MOPE007, PAC10
[6] N.T. Rider et al, MOP304, PAC11
[7] N.T. Rider et al, WECD01, IBIC12
[8] J.P Alexander et al, NIM,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.02.040
[9] J.P Alexander et al, NIM,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.09.012
[10] J.P Alexander et al, NIM,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.07.028
x-ray Fluorescence
35 micron pinhole
200 micron pinhole