This document discusses open access in academic research. It defines open access as research that is available online for free, and traces the history of academic publishing, which was traditionally based on a subscription model. The document notes that open access is growing in momentum due to funder and institutional policies that promote wider dissemination and use of research. It outlines green open access routes of depositing work in repositories, and gold open access of publishing in fully open access journals. The document provides examples of funder open access policies and guidance on how to publish work openly and find open access articles.

1. David Young/Ellen Cole
Contact Email: Optional to put in ….
Northumbria University, United Kingdom
3.3 Research and Open Access
EDUCATION SOCIETY
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Unit 3 – Applica-ons to Academia and Industry
MOOC – Founda-ons to Open Educa-on and OERs repositories

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Understanding Open Access
• What is it?
• Why is it so important now?
• How to achieve OA.

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Open Access – a defini<on

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A brief history of academic publishing

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A brief history of academic publishing

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• No ins<tu<on can give access to all relevant
research
– Par<cularly true in small to medium income countries
– Researchers cannot read or use the most recent
research
– Students aren’t taught the most recent research
• Chari<es, hospitals, businesses, pa<ents,
teachers, social workers (etc.) can’t access
research
• The public pay twice (to produce and to
subscribe) for research they cannot access
The problem we face

9. EDUCATION SOCIETY
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A poten<al solu<on?
“An old tradi<on and a new
technology have converged to
make possible an unprecedented
public good.”

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Gathering momentum for OA
• Increasing the audience of research
• More people can access ar<cles, par<cularly
researchers in lower income countries and
in industry, non-profit and government
sectors
• Enhancing the impact of research
• Cita<ons increase between 36% and 600%
for OA vs non-OA dependent on discipline
(Swan, 2010)
• Countering the effect of price
increases
• …but concerns around “double-dipping”

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Gathering momentum for OA
• Archiving and repositories
• OpenDOAR: over 3,300 repositories
• ROARmap: over 700 mandates and
policies adopted by research ins<tu<ons
• Open Access publica<ons and
publishers
• DOAJ: approx. 9,500 open access <tles
• Open Access mandates
• Star<ng with health/medical funders,
now increasingly moving to mainstream
funders

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• Deposit the accepted
manuscript in a
subject or ins<tu<onal
repository (Green)
• Publish in a fully open
access journal (Gold)
• Publish in a
subscrip<on journal
where some ar<cles
are open access (Gold)
Routes to Open Access

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Funder OA Policies
Funder Output Type Gold/Green
OA
APC funds When to
deposit
Embargo License
RCUK Journal
ar<cles/
conf.
proceedings
Gold
preferred,
green
accepted
Block
grant
Earliest
opportunity
6 mths
(STEM);
12 mths
(other)
CC-BY
Check more funder policies using SHERPA-JULIET

14. EDUCATION SOCIETY
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Funder OA Policies
Funder Output Type Gold/Green
OA
APC funds When to
deposit
Embargo License
Wellcome All peer
reviewed
research
ar<cles &
monographs/
book
chapters
Gold
where
available,
Green in
PMC/
Europe
PMC
Through
COAF or
Wellcome
directly
ASAP 6 mths CC-BY
Check more funder policies using SHERPA-JULIET

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How to openly publish a paper
• Find out what your ins<tu<on, employer or
research funder require
– Par<cular OA formats?
– Set <me frame?
• Find out what different publishers allow
– Use checklists on Think. Check. Submit.
– Check ‘informa<on for authors’ webpages
• Find out what systems or funding are available to
you
– Do you have an ins<tu<onal repository? Can you
deposit in a subject repository such as arXiv?

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How to find open access ar<cles
Specific open access search tools:
• hnps://doaj.org/ - Directory of Open Access Journals
• hnps://core.ac.uk/ - Aggregates UK ins<tu<onal repositories
• hnp://www.opendoar.org/ - Find ins<tu<onal or subject repositories
Or – con<nue to use Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science,
IEEEXplore, Science Direct etc. and look for:

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Summary
• Academic publishing has been un<l rela<vely
recently en<rely based on a subscrip<on model
• Open access has disrupted this and we are now
in a period of transi<on
• There is growing momentum for open access
among funders and research ins<tu<ons to
promote wider access to and use of research
• To make your research open access: deposit in
repository and/or submit to OA or hybrid journal
• Remember to check the policy of your funder
and/or employing ins<tu<on
• Check the reading list for further resources on
this topic

18. David Young/Ellen Cole
Email: optional contact details
Northumbria University, United Kingdom
Research and Open Access:
Applications to Academia
and Industry
EDUCATION SOCIETY
http://ieee-edusociety.org/