1. The document summarizes radiobrightness validation measurements taken during the SMOS Validation Campaign 2010 in the Rur catchment area of Germany. 2. Ground-based, airborne, and satellite L-band radiometer measurements were taken at different agricultural and forest test sites and used to estimate soil moisture and validate SMOS satellite brightness temperature measurements. 3. A data assimilation technique was used to calibrate a radiative transfer model using the measurements and estimate soil moisture and temperature profiles, with results showing SMOS validation had an RMSE of under 3K over the campaign period.

1. Carsten Montzka 1 , Heye Bogena 1 , Lutz Weihermueller 1 , Francois Jonard 1 , Marin Dimitrov 1 , Catherine Bouzinac 2 , Juha Kainulainen 3 , Jan E. Balling 4 , Jan Vanderborght 1 and Harry Vereecken 1 (1)Research Centre Jülich, Agrosphere Institute (ICG 4), Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, GERMANY (2)European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, THE NETHERLANDS (3)Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Espoo, FINLAND (4)Technical University of Denmark, DTU Space, Microwaves and Remote Sensing, DENMARK Radiobrightness validation on different spatial scales during the SMOS Validation Campaign 2010 in the Rur catchment, Germany

3. TERENO test sites Agricultural test site „ Selhausen“ Forest test site “ Wüstebach” Grassland test site „ Rollesbroich“

4. MEASUREMENTS

5. Instrumentation of the test site Wüstebach

6. Campaigns Date DoY SMOS HUT-2D/EMIRAD JÜLBARA 11.5.2010 131 7:11 6:28-6:33 5:09-8:21 14.5.2010 134 6:54 6:31-8:06 5:09-7:42 22.6.2010 173 6:36 6:57-8:38 5:16-7:55 24.6.2010 175 6:58 6:30-8:15 5:10-7:31 27.6.2010 178 6:42 6:40-8:17 -

7. Mobile ground-based L-band radiometer JÜLBARA

8. Airborne measurements with the Short Skyvan of Aalto University Helsinki

9. EMIRAD Radiometer Technical University of Denmark

10. HUT-2D Radiometer Aalto University Helsinki

11. Airborne Radiometer data

12. RADIATIVE TRANSFER PARAMETER ESTIMATION

13. Radiative transfer via modified L-MEB model Modelled soil moisture Modelled brightness temperature L-MEB input: Vegetation optical depth Surface roughness Soil surface temperature Canopy temperature …

14. Radiative transfer via modified L-MEB model Modelled soil moisture Modelled brightness temperature Airborne brightness temperature

15. Data assimilation framework Sequential Importance Resampling Particle Filter Tb measurements Calibrated top soil moisture/temperature model results L-MEB 1000 L-MEB realizations (particles) with perturbed vegetation opacity and soil surface roughness

16. More information on the data assimilation approach…

17. REFERENCE VALIDATION

18. Soil Moisture Reference Validation

19. Soil Moisture Reference Validation

20. Tb reference time series

21. SM (top) and Tbmean (bottom) reference

22. Radiative transfer parameter evolution

23. SMOS Validation RMSE [K] over the campaign period

24. SMOS Validation

25. Outlook: SMAP Validation and A/P Fusion Analysis Polarimetric L-band Multibeam Radiometer (PLMR2) Frequency band:1401 – 1425 MHz Polarisation: Dual linear (V and H) Incidence angles: +/- 8°, +/-22°, +/- 38° @ pushbroom Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system onboard a DLR Dornier DO 228 aircraft The sensor is able to operate in 4 frequency bands (X, C, L and P) single (E-SAR) and dual (F-SAR) channel operation PLMR/PLMR2 DLR E-/F-SAR

26. EMIRAD PLMR HUT-2D E-SAR Thanks for your attention!