The document describes the Exceptional Event Decision Support System (EE DSS), a tool to help states and EPA regions implement the EPA's Exceptional Events Rule. The EE DSS uses air quality, meteorological, and other data to screen for exceedances and flag those likely caused by exceptional events like dust storms, wildfires, or July 4th fireworks. It aims to minimize the technical hurdles of the EE rule and provide a uniform, transparent methodology. The document outlines the EE DSS's data sources and modeling, screening approach, tools for visualizing events, and provides an example demo of the system in action.
This document summarizes research on using satellite data to analyze aerosols and smoke plumes. It discusses advances in fire detection from satellites and surface smoke detection. However, smoke quantification remains challenging due to issues like cloud interference and variable smoke reflectance. The document proposes developing a collaborative approach using information technology to integrate different data sources like satellites, models, and surface observations to better detect and quantify smoke emissions and predict their impact on air quality and visibility.
2004-06-24 Fast Aerosol Sensing Tools for Natural Event Tracking FASTNET Proj...Rudolf Husar
The document discusses the FASTNET project which aims to better characterize natural haze conditions through the analysis of major natural aerosol events like forest fires and dust storms. The goal is to develop tools for data access, archiving, and analysis to describe the spatial, temporal, and compositional features of natural aerosols. This will help understand their contribution to regional haze and establish baseline natural conditions as required by the Regional Haze Rule.
The document discusses concepts related to aerosol characterization and monitoring efforts. It describes the goal of the Regional Haze Rule to attain natural conditions by 2064 and establish baselines from 2000-2004. It also discusses satellite applications for monitoring smoke and particulate matter to help regulatory and public needs. The FASTNET and DataFed projects pursue recommendations from the National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy to provide enhanced real-time data and integrate multiple data sources and models to better characterize non-industrial aerosol events.
2004-10-14 AIR-257: Satellite Detection of AerosolsRudolf Husar
The document summarizes an air and waste management professional development course on satellite detection of aerosols. The course syllabus covers topics like satellite types and their usage, detection of aerosol events like fires, dust storms and haze, and using satellite data in air quality management. It also describes case studies of Asian dust storms in April 1998 that impacted North America and Central American forest fire smoke in May 1998 that traveled over the eastern US.
2005-12-05 Aerosol Characterization Using the SeaWiFS Sensor and Surface DataRudolf Husar
This document discusses the challenge of characterizing particulate matter using satellite and surface data due to the complex six-dimensional nature of aerosols. It presents an approach using SeaWiFS satellite data along with surface observations to derive patterns of dust, smoke and haze over the United States from 2000 to 2003. Specific examples are given of using this method to estimate smoke emissions from agricultural fires in Kansas in April 2003 and analyze seasonal and regional trends in aerosol optical thickness from SeaWiFS data over summers from 2000 to 2004.
The document describes the Exceptional Event Decision Support System (EE DSS), a tool to help states and EPA regions implement the EPA's Exceptional Events Rule. The EE DSS uses air quality, meteorological, and other data to screen for exceedances and flag those likely caused by exceptional events like dust storms, wildfires, or July 4th fireworks. It aims to minimize the technical hurdles of the EE rule and provide a uniform, transparent methodology. The document outlines the EE DSS's data sources and modeling, screening approach, tools for visualizing events, and provides an example demo of the system in action.
This document summarizes research on using satellite data to analyze aerosols and smoke plumes. It discusses advances in fire detection from satellites and surface smoke detection. However, smoke quantification remains challenging due to issues like cloud interference and variable smoke reflectance. The document proposes developing a collaborative approach using information technology to integrate different data sources like satellites, models, and surface observations to better detect and quantify smoke emissions and predict their impact on air quality and visibility.
2004-06-24 Fast Aerosol Sensing Tools for Natural Event Tracking FASTNET Proj...Rudolf Husar
The document discusses the FASTNET project which aims to better characterize natural haze conditions through the analysis of major natural aerosol events like forest fires and dust storms. The goal is to develop tools for data access, archiving, and analysis to describe the spatial, temporal, and compositional features of natural aerosols. This will help understand their contribution to regional haze and establish baseline natural conditions as required by the Regional Haze Rule.
The document discusses concepts related to aerosol characterization and monitoring efforts. It describes the goal of the Regional Haze Rule to attain natural conditions by 2064 and establish baselines from 2000-2004. It also discusses satellite applications for monitoring smoke and particulate matter to help regulatory and public needs. The FASTNET and DataFed projects pursue recommendations from the National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy to provide enhanced real-time data and integrate multiple data sources and models to better characterize non-industrial aerosol events.
2004-10-14 AIR-257: Satellite Detection of AerosolsRudolf Husar
The document summarizes an air and waste management professional development course on satellite detection of aerosols. The course syllabus covers topics like satellite types and their usage, detection of aerosol events like fires, dust storms and haze, and using satellite data in air quality management. It also describes case studies of Asian dust storms in April 1998 that impacted North America and Central American forest fire smoke in May 1998 that traveled over the eastern US.
2005-12-05 Aerosol Characterization Using the SeaWiFS Sensor and Surface DataRudolf Husar
This document discusses the challenge of characterizing particulate matter using satellite and surface data due to the complex six-dimensional nature of aerosols. It presents an approach using SeaWiFS satellite data along with surface observations to derive patterns of dust, smoke and haze over the United States from 2000 to 2003. Specific examples are given of using this method to estimate smoke emissions from agricultural fires in Kansas in April 2003 and analyze seasonal and regional trends in aerosol optical thickness from SeaWiFS data over summers from 2000 to 2004.
2004-06-20 Fast Aerosol Sensing Tools for Natural Event Tracking FASTNETRudolf Husar
This document summarizes the FASTNET project which aims to better characterize natural haze conditions through the development of tools to access, archive, and analyze aerosol data. The project focuses on detailed analysis of major natural aerosol events like dust storms and wildfires. Initial efforts demonstrate the feasibility of using data on aerosol composition, transport patterns, and satellite imagery to identify the sources and pathways of dust transported from the Sahara desert to the eastern United States.
2003-12-02 Environmental Information Systems for Monitoring, Assessment, and ...Rudolf Husar
The document discusses environmental information systems for monitoring, assessment, and decision-making. It covers topics like spatial analysis, web-based information systems, sensor webs, spatial interpolation techniques, integrating satellite and surface monitoring data, and developing interoperable environmental information systems. The goal is to improve access to and use of environmental data for applications like air quality mapping and monitoring networks.
The document discusses ICCC activities related to developing methodologies for monitoring drivers of fires and haze in Indonesia and estimating greenhouse gas emissions. Key outputs include protocols for monitoring drivers, an early warning system, and more accurate estimates of emissions, human health impacts, and patterns of drivers. It also summarizes challenges in detecting smoldering peatland fires using satellites and presents preliminary findings from a project using nighttime satellite data to estimate peatland fire emissions.
Earth observation systems now allow for accurate global monitoring and measurement due to advances in satellite technology. High resolution satellite images are more widely available at lower costs, enabling detailed land use data collection. Key elements of measurement include both remote sensing via satellites as well as ground measurements for calibration and analysis. Spatial data is organized using GIS databases to extrapolate measurements and characterize land use heterogeneity globally.
2004-10-14 AIR-257: Satellite Detection of Aerosols Issues and OpportunitiesRudolf Husar
This document summarizes a professional development course on satellite detection of aerosols. The course covers introduction to satellite aerosol monitoring, different satellite types and their usage, detecting aerosol events like fires and dust storms from satellites. It also discusses using satellite data and tools for air quality management, and issues around data retrieval over bright surfaces like clouds that can limit available data. Vertical profiles of different types of aerosols are shown. Examples of using satellite data to monitor smoke plumes are provided. Open questions around distinguishing aerosols and clouds are discussed.
The document discusses the challenge of characterizing particulate matter using remote sensing data due to the complex and multidimensional nature of aerosols. It presents results from using SeaWiFS satellite data combined with surface observations to characterize aerosols over the US from 2000-2003. Specific cases studied include quantifying smoke emissions from agricultural fires in Kansas in 2003 by analyzing the optical thickness and shape of smoke plumes. Summer climatologies of aerosol optical thickness over the US from 2000-2004 are also shown.
FR2.L10.2: VALIDATION OF SMOS: SOME FIRST RESULTSgrssieee
This document summarizes validation work for SMOS, a soil moisture satellite mission. It discusses field campaigns conducted in Australia to collect calibration and validation data for SMOS. Preliminary results show that SMOS brightness temperatures agree well with aircraft measurements for vertical polarization but need improvement for horizontal polarization. Soil moisture estimates from SMOS level 2 processing agree reasonably well with field data. More than 50% coverage of a SMOS pixel is needed to obtain a reliable brightness temperature average. Further campaigns are planned to continue validating and improving SMOS soil moisture products.
1) The document describes an urban greenhouse gas monitoring program in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada, which has a population of over 7 million people and aims for ambitious emission reduction targets.
2) The program utilizes various atmospheric observation techniques including total column measurements from ground-based sites and mobile surveys to measure gases like CO2, CH4, and CO to better understand urban emissions.
3) Preliminary findings show the program can detect changes in atmospheric CO2 levels associated with reduced traffic and activity during COVID lockdowns, demonstrating its ability to track policy-driven emission changes over time.
2003-10-10 Measurement of free iron content in desert dust : effect on light ...Rudolf Husar
The atmospheric dust system has at least 8 dimensions including spatial, temporal, size, composition, shape, and mixture. New observational tools like satellites and surface networks allow monitoring of the global daily aerosol pattern and transport, but each sensor resolves some dimensions and integrates over others. Data and analysis tools from multiple sources can help characterize the dust system and derive knowledge about sources and processes. Current evidence allows estimation of transcontinental dust transport to North America, with average yearly Saharan dust over the southeast US around 0.2-1 μg/m3 and July peaks of 2-6 μg/m3. Specific transcontinental dust episodes from Africa and Asia can approach 50-100 μg/m3 over large regions. These
2003-08-30 Global and Local Dust over N. America Observations and Analysis ToolsRudolf Husar
The global dust system occupies dimensions of space, time, size, composition, shape and mixtures. New observational tools like satellites and surface networks monitor the daily aerosol pattern and transport but characterize only aspects of the full system. Data from multiple sensors along with models are needed to understand the system and derive knowledge. Analysis shows fine Saharan dust over southeast US averages 0.2-1 micrograms/m3 annually with July peaks of 2-6 micrograms/m3. During major transport events, surface dust over parts of North America can reach 50-100 micrograms/m3. These events significantly impact regional aerosol patterns. Establishing transcontinental dust sources requires open data sharing and scientific collaboration to decompose and integrate
Rudolf B. Husar presented at the EPA on exceptional smoke and dust events. He discussed using diverse data like satellites, models, and real-time data in a decision support system to evaluate these events. The NAAPS aerosol model assimilates satellite data to provide the 3D structure of smoke, dust, and other aerosols. Long-term NAAPS data from 2006 to present show the vertical distribution of different aerosols. Satellite data help reduce biases between surface PM measurements and air quality models.
2006-03-08 Intercontinental Aerosol Transport: Quantitative Tools an ResultsRudolf Husar
The document discusses various tools and methods for quantifying intercontinental transport of air pollutants like dust and determining their climatic effects. It summarizes that satellite data shows Sahara desert as the largest global dust source. Transport models and analysis of chemical and temporal patterns indicate that fine dust events over the US originate from Saharan dust in summer and Gobi dust in spring. Methods like chemical fingerprinting, back trajectory analysis, and integrated chemistry-transport modeling are used to attribute the origin and quantify transport of different dust sources.
The document discusses how the DataFed system allows users to access and integrate distributed fire-related data sources to build web applications. DataFed provides wrappers to make datasets like MODIS fire locations and Forest Service weather data accessible via web services. These datasets can then be overlaid and analyzed spatially and temporally to generate insights into fire activity, smoke impacts, and comparisons between different data sources. Examples are given of web applications created using DataFed to analyze fire pixels, locations, acres burned, and air quality effects.
1) Multiple micro-pulse lidar (MPL) systems were deployed around the Baltimore-Washington region as part of NASA's 2011 DISCOVER-AQ field campaign to study air quality and atmospheric conditions.
2) In addition to existing MPL sites, four portable Sigma Space MPLs were loaned for additional locations to provide a regional-scale assessment of aerosol profiles.
3) The MPL data provides continuous vertical profiles of aerosols and clouds to help understand satellite measurements of column properties and relate surface, airborne, and space-based observations over the study period in July 2011.
This document discusses using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for hydrological monitoring. It provides details on UAV applications such as precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, and stream flow monitoring. Methods are described for detecting water stress with UAV thermal imagery and predicting root zone soil moisture. Guidelines are also presented on UAV rules and regulations, velocity measurement techniques, and testing tracers for stream flow monitoring with UAVs.
2005-06-03 Aerosol Characterization and the Supporting Information Infrastruc...Rudolf Husar
The document discusses aerosol characterization and monitoring infrastructure. It describes the goal of attaining natural regional haze conditions by 2064 according to the Regional Haze Rule. It also discusses the National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy and related initiatives like FASTNET and DataFed that pursue its recommendations around enhanced monitoring. Finally, it outlines some of the technical challenges around fully characterizing the multidimensional aerosol system.
2004-06-24 Satellite Data Us in PM Management: A Retrospective AssessmentRudolf Husar
This document discusses how satellite data has been used to study particulate matter (PM) over time. It notes that PM is a complex phenomenon that requires characterization across multiple dimensions, and that satellites provide valuable spatial context but require integration with other data sources to fully characterize PM. The document outlines several past examples where satellite data helped detect major aerosol events like dust storms and wildfire smoke plumes, and envisions future real-time monitoring systems to aid air quality management.
The document discusses atmospheric aerosols and their characterization. It notes that aerosols have complex physicochemical properties and their full characterization requires measuring multiple dimensions such as size, composition, shape, and mixing state. Satellite data has helped characterize the global distribution of aerosols but challenges remain in integrating different data sources. Aerosols originate from both natural sources like dust, fires and volcanoes as well as human activities and influence factors like climate, air quality and human health.
20051031 Biomass Smoke Emissions and Transport: Community-based Satellite and...Rudolf Husar
The document discusses biomass smoke emissions and their characterization using multiple data sources and dimensions. It notes that fully describing particulate matter concentrations requires data on 8 dimensions including spatial, temporal, particle size, composition, shape, and mixtures. Characterizing smoke through different instruments and networks provides only a partial view of these dimensions. The challenges of integrating satellite, surface, and model data on smoke are discussed.
2005-11-12 Characterization of Aerosol Events using the Federated Data System...Rudolf Husar
This document discusses the characterization of aerosol events using a federated data system called DataFed. It describes natural and exceptional event rules for air quality monitoring, long-term monitoring networks for particles, the evolution of spatial coverage for sulfate monitoring, detection of aerosol events using signal decomposition, seasonal patterns and composition of events by region, and tools for exploring air quality data through DataFed.
2003-12-04 Evaluation of the ASOS Light Scattering NetworkRudolf Husar
The document reports on an evaluation of the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) light scattering network. It analyzes data from 220 ASOS stations to evaluate the precision and performance of the ASOS visibility sensors. It finds that some stations show excellent correlation between duplicate sensors while others show poorer correlation or significant offsets. It also examines diurnal patterns and the effects of relative humidity on visibility readings.
2004-06-20 Fast Aerosol Sensing Tools for Natural Event Tracking FASTNETRudolf Husar
This document summarizes the FASTNET project which aims to better characterize natural haze conditions through the development of tools to access, archive, and analyze aerosol data. The project focuses on detailed analysis of major natural aerosol events like dust storms and wildfires. Initial efforts demonstrate the feasibility of using data on aerosol composition, transport patterns, and satellite imagery to identify the sources and pathways of dust transported from the Sahara desert to the eastern United States.
2003-12-02 Environmental Information Systems for Monitoring, Assessment, and ...Rudolf Husar
The document discusses environmental information systems for monitoring, assessment, and decision-making. It covers topics like spatial analysis, web-based information systems, sensor webs, spatial interpolation techniques, integrating satellite and surface monitoring data, and developing interoperable environmental information systems. The goal is to improve access to and use of environmental data for applications like air quality mapping and monitoring networks.
The document discusses ICCC activities related to developing methodologies for monitoring drivers of fires and haze in Indonesia and estimating greenhouse gas emissions. Key outputs include protocols for monitoring drivers, an early warning system, and more accurate estimates of emissions, human health impacts, and patterns of drivers. It also summarizes challenges in detecting smoldering peatland fires using satellites and presents preliminary findings from a project using nighttime satellite data to estimate peatland fire emissions.
Earth observation systems now allow for accurate global monitoring and measurement due to advances in satellite technology. High resolution satellite images are more widely available at lower costs, enabling detailed land use data collection. Key elements of measurement include both remote sensing via satellites as well as ground measurements for calibration and analysis. Spatial data is organized using GIS databases to extrapolate measurements and characterize land use heterogeneity globally.
2004-10-14 AIR-257: Satellite Detection of Aerosols Issues and OpportunitiesRudolf Husar
This document summarizes a professional development course on satellite detection of aerosols. The course covers introduction to satellite aerosol monitoring, different satellite types and their usage, detecting aerosol events like fires and dust storms from satellites. It also discusses using satellite data and tools for air quality management, and issues around data retrieval over bright surfaces like clouds that can limit available data. Vertical profiles of different types of aerosols are shown. Examples of using satellite data to monitor smoke plumes are provided. Open questions around distinguishing aerosols and clouds are discussed.
The document discusses the challenge of characterizing particulate matter using remote sensing data due to the complex and multidimensional nature of aerosols. It presents results from using SeaWiFS satellite data combined with surface observations to characterize aerosols over the US from 2000-2003. Specific cases studied include quantifying smoke emissions from agricultural fires in Kansas in 2003 by analyzing the optical thickness and shape of smoke plumes. Summer climatologies of aerosol optical thickness over the US from 2000-2004 are also shown.
FR2.L10.2: VALIDATION OF SMOS: SOME FIRST RESULTSgrssieee
This document summarizes validation work for SMOS, a soil moisture satellite mission. It discusses field campaigns conducted in Australia to collect calibration and validation data for SMOS. Preliminary results show that SMOS brightness temperatures agree well with aircraft measurements for vertical polarization but need improvement for horizontal polarization. Soil moisture estimates from SMOS level 2 processing agree reasonably well with field data. More than 50% coverage of a SMOS pixel is needed to obtain a reliable brightness temperature average. Further campaigns are planned to continue validating and improving SMOS soil moisture products.
1) The document describes an urban greenhouse gas monitoring program in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada, which has a population of over 7 million people and aims for ambitious emission reduction targets.
2) The program utilizes various atmospheric observation techniques including total column measurements from ground-based sites and mobile surveys to measure gases like CO2, CH4, and CO to better understand urban emissions.
3) Preliminary findings show the program can detect changes in atmospheric CO2 levels associated with reduced traffic and activity during COVID lockdowns, demonstrating its ability to track policy-driven emission changes over time.
2003-10-10 Measurement of free iron content in desert dust : effect on light ...Rudolf Husar
The atmospheric dust system has at least 8 dimensions including spatial, temporal, size, composition, shape, and mixture. New observational tools like satellites and surface networks allow monitoring of the global daily aerosol pattern and transport, but each sensor resolves some dimensions and integrates over others. Data and analysis tools from multiple sources can help characterize the dust system and derive knowledge about sources and processes. Current evidence allows estimation of transcontinental dust transport to North America, with average yearly Saharan dust over the southeast US around 0.2-1 μg/m3 and July peaks of 2-6 μg/m3. Specific transcontinental dust episodes from Africa and Asia can approach 50-100 μg/m3 over large regions. These
2003-08-30 Global and Local Dust over N. America Observations and Analysis ToolsRudolf Husar
The global dust system occupies dimensions of space, time, size, composition, shape and mixtures. New observational tools like satellites and surface networks monitor the daily aerosol pattern and transport but characterize only aspects of the full system. Data from multiple sensors along with models are needed to understand the system and derive knowledge. Analysis shows fine Saharan dust over southeast US averages 0.2-1 micrograms/m3 annually with July peaks of 2-6 micrograms/m3. During major transport events, surface dust over parts of North America can reach 50-100 micrograms/m3. These events significantly impact regional aerosol patterns. Establishing transcontinental dust sources requires open data sharing and scientific collaboration to decompose and integrate
Rudolf B. Husar presented at the EPA on exceptional smoke and dust events. He discussed using diverse data like satellites, models, and real-time data in a decision support system to evaluate these events. The NAAPS aerosol model assimilates satellite data to provide the 3D structure of smoke, dust, and other aerosols. Long-term NAAPS data from 2006 to present show the vertical distribution of different aerosols. Satellite data help reduce biases between surface PM measurements and air quality models.
2006-03-08 Intercontinental Aerosol Transport: Quantitative Tools an ResultsRudolf Husar
The document discusses various tools and methods for quantifying intercontinental transport of air pollutants like dust and determining their climatic effects. It summarizes that satellite data shows Sahara desert as the largest global dust source. Transport models and analysis of chemical and temporal patterns indicate that fine dust events over the US originate from Saharan dust in summer and Gobi dust in spring. Methods like chemical fingerprinting, back trajectory analysis, and integrated chemistry-transport modeling are used to attribute the origin and quantify transport of different dust sources.
The document discusses how the DataFed system allows users to access and integrate distributed fire-related data sources to build web applications. DataFed provides wrappers to make datasets like MODIS fire locations and Forest Service weather data accessible via web services. These datasets can then be overlaid and analyzed spatially and temporally to generate insights into fire activity, smoke impacts, and comparisons between different data sources. Examples are given of web applications created using DataFed to analyze fire pixels, locations, acres burned, and air quality effects.
1) Multiple micro-pulse lidar (MPL) systems were deployed around the Baltimore-Washington region as part of NASA's 2011 DISCOVER-AQ field campaign to study air quality and atmospheric conditions.
2) In addition to existing MPL sites, four portable Sigma Space MPLs were loaned for additional locations to provide a regional-scale assessment of aerosol profiles.
3) The MPL data provides continuous vertical profiles of aerosols and clouds to help understand satellite measurements of column properties and relate surface, airborne, and space-based observations over the study period in July 2011.
This document discusses using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for hydrological monitoring. It provides details on UAV applications such as precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, and stream flow monitoring. Methods are described for detecting water stress with UAV thermal imagery and predicting root zone soil moisture. Guidelines are also presented on UAV rules and regulations, velocity measurement techniques, and testing tracers for stream flow monitoring with UAVs.
2005-06-03 Aerosol Characterization and the Supporting Information Infrastruc...Rudolf Husar
The document discusses aerosol characterization and monitoring infrastructure. It describes the goal of attaining natural regional haze conditions by 2064 according to the Regional Haze Rule. It also discusses the National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy and related initiatives like FASTNET and DataFed that pursue its recommendations around enhanced monitoring. Finally, it outlines some of the technical challenges around fully characterizing the multidimensional aerosol system.
2004-06-24 Satellite Data Us in PM Management: A Retrospective AssessmentRudolf Husar
This document discusses how satellite data has been used to study particulate matter (PM) over time. It notes that PM is a complex phenomenon that requires characterization across multiple dimensions, and that satellites provide valuable spatial context but require integration with other data sources to fully characterize PM. The document outlines several past examples where satellite data helped detect major aerosol events like dust storms and wildfire smoke plumes, and envisions future real-time monitoring systems to aid air quality management.
The document discusses atmospheric aerosols and their characterization. It notes that aerosols have complex physicochemical properties and their full characterization requires measuring multiple dimensions such as size, composition, shape, and mixing state. Satellite data has helped characterize the global distribution of aerosols but challenges remain in integrating different data sources. Aerosols originate from both natural sources like dust, fires and volcanoes as well as human activities and influence factors like climate, air quality and human health.
20051031 Biomass Smoke Emissions and Transport: Community-based Satellite and...Rudolf Husar
The document discusses biomass smoke emissions and their characterization using multiple data sources and dimensions. It notes that fully describing particulate matter concentrations requires data on 8 dimensions including spatial, temporal, particle size, composition, shape, and mixtures. Characterizing smoke through different instruments and networks provides only a partial view of these dimensions. The challenges of integrating satellite, surface, and model data on smoke are discussed.
2005-11-12 Characterization of Aerosol Events using the Federated Data System...Rudolf Husar
This document discusses the characterization of aerosol events using a federated data system called DataFed. It describes natural and exceptional event rules for air quality monitoring, long-term monitoring networks for particles, the evolution of spatial coverage for sulfate monitoring, detection of aerosol events using signal decomposition, seasonal patterns and composition of events by region, and tools for exploring air quality data through DataFed.
2003-12-04 Evaluation of the ASOS Light Scattering NetworkRudolf Husar
The document reports on an evaluation of the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) light scattering network. It analyzes data from 220 ASOS stations to evaluate the precision and performance of the ASOS visibility sensors. It finds that some stations show excellent correlation between duplicate sensors while others show poorer correlation or significant offsets. It also examines diurnal patterns and the effects of relative humidity on visibility readings.
2005-10-31 Characterization of Aerosol EventsRudolf Husar
This document summarizes research on characterizing aerosol events using monitoring data. It discusses:
- Long-term monitoring networks that measure particulate matter and species over hundreds of sites
- Tools like analysts' consoles that use spatial and temporal data to help characterize events
- Methods for decomposing temporal signals to identify seasonal, random, and event components
- Examples of analyzing specific aerosol events across the Eastern US using these tools and data.
2005-06-06 Satellite Data Us in PM Management: A Retrospective AssessmentRudolf Husar
Satellite data has aided particulate matter science and management since the 1970s. Quantitative use of satellite data is still developing, requiring collaboration across disciplines. Satellite observations support describing spatial patterns of PM qualitatively and integrating surface and space data. Future applications may provide near real-time fire/smoke monitoring and multi-day PM/ozone forecasts to inform air quality management.
2004-10-15 AIR-257: Satellite Detection of Aerosols: Satellite data and tools...Rudolf Husar
This document provides the syllabus for a professional development course on satellite detection of aerosols. The course will cover an introduction to satellite aerosol detection and monitoring, different types of satellites and their usage, detecting aerosol events like fires, dust storms and haze from satellites. It will also discuss using satellite data and tools for the RPO FASTNET project and using satellite data in air quality management with issues and opportunities. The class will conclude with problems, feedback, discussion and a possible exam.
2005-04-01 Carbonaceous Aerosol and Smoke over the Eastern USRudolf Husar
1. The document analyzes carbonaceous aerosol and smoke patterns over eastern North America using data from surface and satellite observations.
2. Smoke from biomass burning constitutes a significant component of fine particulate matter over North America, particularly in summer, but its spatial and temporal patterns are not fully understood.
3. The analysis aims to better characterize the sources, distribution, and composition of smoke through an integrated assessment of literature and recent observation data.
This document discusses the challenges of characterizing air pollution using remote sensing observations over China. It describes the seven dimensions of data - spatial, height, time, particle size, composition, shape, and mixing - needed to fully characterize air pollution. While each individual observation method or data set has limitations, together they can provide consistent global-scale observations. There remain significant challenges to integrating data from multiple sensors to accurately measure air pollution. International collaboration combining global satellite data with detailed local observations in China may help advance progress in addressing this issue.
This document summarizes Rudolf Husar's presentation on exceptional event analysis and decision support systems. It discusses using diverse data like satellites, models, and real-time monitoring to evaluate exceptional events like wildfires, dust storms, and their impact on air quality measurements. Specific examples are presented of exceptional events from dust from Asia and Africa impacting North America, as well as wildfires in Georgia impacting ozone and PM2.5 levels. Tools like the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System model and satellite data are highlighted for their ability to analyze the transport and impact of these aerosol plumes to support regulatory decisions. The goal of reconciliation of emissions, observations, and models is discussed to improve the evaluation of exceptional events
2003-08-27 Data Fusion for the Description and Explanation of Atmospheric Aer...Rudolf Husar
1) The document discusses combining data from multiple sensors and sources to provide a more complete description and explanation of atmospheric aerosols over space, time, and other dimensions.
2) Sensor, pixel, and feature-level data fusion techniques are used to integrate data from instruments like SeaWiFS, TOMS, and surface visibility stations.
3) Examples show how fusing these data sources provides insights into the spatial patterns, heights, and source regions of dust and smoke plumes from Asia, Africa, and Central America.
2004-07-28 Fast Aerosol Sensing Tools for Natural Event Tracking FASTNETRudolf Husar
The document describes the FASTNET project, which aims to develop tools to better characterize natural haze conditions. The project focuses on detailed analysis of major natural aerosol events like forest fires and dust storms from 2000-2004. It involves developing tools for real-time data access, archiving, and analysis to track and document current and historical natural aerosol events. This will help quantify the impact of natural sources on haze levels to inform air quality regulations and modeling.
2005-10-31 Concepts on Aerosol CharacterizationRudolf Husar
This document discusses concepts related to aerosol characterization and monitoring for regulatory purposes. It covers the goals of the Regional Haze Rule to reduce natural and man-made haze, challenges in characterizing particulate matter using different sensors, and the FASTNET project's aim to detect and document natural aerosol events using data from various sources fed through the DataFed.Net system.
2004-10-14 AIR-257: Satellite Detection of Aerosols Issues and OpportunitiesRudolf Husar
This document summarizes a professional development course on satellite detection of aerosols. The course covers introduction to satellite aerosol monitoring, different satellite types and their usage, detection of events like fires and dust storms from satellite data. It also discusses using satellite data and tools for air quality management, and issues around data retrieval over bright surfaces like clouds, where about half of potential data is unavailable. The document outlines the complexity of particulate matter due to its multi-dimensional nature and the need to describe properties like size, composition, shape and mixing. It provides examples of vertical distribution of different types of aerosols and discusses using satellite and other data to better understand these distributions.
Researchers at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) are exploring ways in which unmanned aircraft systems are increasingly being used in civilian government work as well as the private sector for use in applications as diverse as cloud seeding to fighting forest fires.
2004-09-21 Natural Aerosol Event Detection and CharacterizationRudolf Husar
The document discusses analyzing natural aerosol events such as dust and smoke over the United States. It outlines using multiple data sources and analytical approaches to identify the spatial, temporal, and chemical patterns of natural aerosols. Specific analysis includes identifying the local and intercontinental origins of dust events over the US using monitoring data, satellite images, and air quality models.
This document summarizes a study that used satellite imagery to analyze land surface temperatures in recently developed areas of Stratford, London. The study aimed to identify areas affected by recent construction, generate calibrated land surface temperature models from satellite data, and identify problematic hotspot areas through spatial analysis and field measurements. Results found higher temperatures near the Westfield shopping center, Old Stratford station, and along major roads, likely due to anthropogenic heat sources. Microclimate modeling of an area in East Olympic Village showed influence of building materials, shade, and wind on surface temperatures. The study fulfilled its objectives but future work could incorporate additional data sources and validation measurements.
The document discusses the Air Quality Community of Practice (AQ CoP) which facilitates interoperability and data networking for air quality and health applications. The AQ CoP has developed an open-source Air Quality Data Network (ADN) consisting of 7 interoperable air quality data servers that provide access to diverse observational and model datasets using international standards. The ADN demonstrates GEO principles and infrastructure but requires further development to support real applications. The main role of the AQ CoP is to connect different initiatives and enable the ADN network.
The workshop will bring together practitioners from Europe and North America to discuss progress and challenges in realizing an interoperable air quality data network. Participants will assess the current state of the pilot network, address key technical issues around data standards, server implementation and maintenance, and catalog design. The goal is to advance the network from a virtual concept to an operational reality, facilitating improved access, integration and reuse of air quality observation and model data.
The document describes DataFed, a federated data system that provides non-intrusive integration of diverse environmental datasets using open standards. DataFed allows users to find and access datasets through a catalog and flexible tools for processing and visualizing the data. It facilitates publishing, finding, and accessing geospatial and environmental data through loose coupling of autonomous nodes and OGC web service protocols.
This document discusses the emerging pattern in the air quality information ecosystem. It notes that individual data providers, scientists, and decision supporters are being replaced by groups that facilitate access, sharing, and integration. These include data portals, science teams, and decision support systems. The ecosystem involves multiple stages from observations to decisions, with value added at each stage through activities like data aggregation, scientific collaboration, and predictive analysis. This new structure is more efficient and supports the goals of initiatives like GEOSS.
The document discusses a workshop on networking air quality observations and models to support decision making. The workshop aims to (1) introduce participants and identify shared data and applications, (2) exchange best practices for interoperability, and (3) address technical and collaboration issues. The preliminary agenda covers assessing the current state of air quality interoperability and the technical requirements for improved data sharing and integration to support applications and decision support systems.
The document summarizes the exploration of PM networks and data over the US using two datasets: AQS and VIEWS. It presents information on the coverage and frequency of EPA monitoring data, as well as data from the VIEWS network. It also describes the user interface for the Datafed browser and schemes for processing and aggregating raw monitoring data spatially and temporally. Finally, it analyzes the spatial and temporal variation of PM levels and the correlation between continuous and EPA monitoring data in different regions of the US.
110410 aq user_req_methodology_sydney_submRudolf Husar
This document proposes a methodology to determine user requirements for Earth observations related to air quality management. The methodology is a bottom-up approach that (1) defines the major workflow steps of air quality management, (2) identifies the value-adding activities within each step, (3) determines the participants ("users") for each activity, and (4) establishes the Earth observation needs of each user. The methodology is intended to facilitate ongoing feedback to optimize the value of Earth observations for air quality management and reduce gaps. It provides a systematic way to account for user needs based on the specific activities and users involved in the air quality management process.
This document provides a 2011 progress report for the GEOSS Air Quality Community of Practice (AQ CoP). It summarizes activities undertaken in 2011, including developing an air quality data server software to make data more accessible and interoperable, creating a user requirements registry to identify needed observations and models, and matching user needs with available data through a community catalog. It outlines ongoing projects and plans to further expand the air quality data network through coordination and workshops in 2011. The overall goal is to integrate air quality initiatives and make relevant data more findable, accessible and interoperable to support applications in air quality and health.
The document describes the HTAP Data Network, which demonstrates a service-oriented approach to sharing atmospheric model outputs and air quality observations between various data servers using open standards. The main output is open-source WCS data server software and tools that allow different organizations to publish, find, and access distributed air quality data holdings in a interoperable way as part of the GEO Task DA-09-02d: Atmospheric Model Evaluation Network. The network aims to connect air quality data providers and users to enable effective air quality science and management.
The REASoN Project will link NASA's air quality data, modeling, and systems to users in research, education, and applications. It aims to address hurdles users face in finding, accessing, evaluating, and merging relevant data. The project will utilize service orientation and interoperability standards to build an adaptable information infrastructure. This will include becoming a node on the air quality network, implementing standards for sharing data and tools, and participating in the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot.
This document summarizes the Exceptional Event Decision Support System (EE DSS) which uses NASA satellite data and the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) model to help with air quality management decisions regarding exceptional events like smoke and dust events. The EE DSS has been developed since 2005 with NASA support and is now ready to serve air quality management at the federal, regional, and state levels. It can automatically detect and analyze events, display relevant data through interactive maps and cross-sections, and its tools have helped explain declines in exceptional event flags and PM2.5 concentrations from 2006-2012. Coordination is proposed with NASA and EPA for continued application of the EE DSS to smoke and dust events in
This document discusses the usefulness of satellite observations for air quality applications and regulatory requirements. It outlines six key air quality requirements that satellites can help address, such as determining compliance with air quality standards and identifying long-range pollution transport events. The document also notes how satellites can help improve emissions estimates, characterize long-range transport of pollution, and increase interaction between air quality and remote sensing scientists. However, it cautions that relating satellite aerosol optical depth measurements directly to ground-level PM concentrations currently has too much uncertainty for regulatory or public health applications.
The document discusses tools for closing the gap between emissions, observations, and models of air quality. It proposes a service oriented architecture and network to integrate multiple datasets from observations, emissions, and models. This would allow iterative evaluation and improvement of models by comparing them to observations and adjusting emissions estimates to reduce biases. The end goal is to provide the best available composition of the atmosphere by integrating the best observations, emissions estimates, and models.
This proposal outlines a study on the influence of weather and climate events on air quality issues like dust, smoke, and sulfate events. The study would examine these events at both the continental/hemispherical scale and regional scale. At the continental scale, the analysis would demonstrate the role of global climate and emissions and identify tipping points for air quality regulations. At the regional scale, the study would analyze the effects of regional emissions, climate, and precipitation on air quality. The proposal describes tools and methods for conducting continental and regional air quality-climate analysis, including models, datasets, and satellite data. The goals are to support air quality management and identify implications for policy.
The document discusses various applications of air quality data including regulatory exceptions, hemispheric transport projects, and atmospheric composition portals. It also describes the Air Quality Community of Practice's contributions to the GEOSS Common Infrastructure through developing an air quality community catalog and data finder to help users discover and access air quality data and metadata registered in the GEOSS clearinghouse and registry.
The document discusses several air quality applications and projects including regulatory exception events, hemispheric transport modeling, and atmospheric composition portals. It also describes the Air Quality Community of Practice's contributions to the GEOSS Common Infrastructure through developing an air quality catalog and data finder to help users discover and access air quality data and metadata registered in the GEOSS Clearinghouse and Registry.
2004-06-23 Retrieval of smoke aerosol loading from remote sensing dataRudolf Husar
This document summarizes a method for quantifying biomass burning aerosol loading using remote sensing data. It describes retrieving aerosol optical thickness from satellite imagery by subtracting surface reflectance from total reflectance. Daily aerosol maps are generated and cleaned to filter out clouds and other interferences. Continuing work includes estimating smoke fluxes and fusing multiple data sources to improve quantification of biomass burning for climate modeling.
2004-06-24 Co-retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Reflectance: Analysis of Daily...Rudolf Husar
The document summarizes a method for co-retrieving aerosol and surface reflectance from daily SeaWiFS satellite data from 2000-2002. It describes how aerosols scatter and absorb incoming radiation, obscuring the surface reflectance detected by the sensor. The method uses a time series analysis to identify clear "anchor" days with minimal aerosol scattering to retrieve the surface reflectance. It then uses a radiative transfer model along with the surface reflectance values to iteratively retrieve the aerosol optical thickness and refine the surface reflectance estimates. Results show seasonal changes in surface reflectance over eastern and western US regions.
2004-09-12 Data and Tools for Air Quality Management:Rudolf Husar
Surface reflectance represents the spectral characteristics of a surface and can indicate land cover type. Daily satellite imagery is processed to create surface reflectance maps, which show seasonal changes over time. Surface reflectance data has applications in vegetation mapping, land characterization, aerosol retrieval, and studying radiative balance and climate. The DataFed infrastructure integrates distributed fire-related data sources and builds analysis tools to compare these datasets to provide new insights into fire characteristics and air pollutant emissions.
2004-09-12 Data and Tools for Web-Based Monitoring and AnalysisRudolf Husar
The document discusses the DataFed infrastructure, which integrates distributed fire-related and air quality data sources to provide new insights. It provides access to dozens of aerosol, emissions, fire, meteorology, and GIS datasets. DataFed uses web services and a service-oriented architecture to facilitate data sharing and allow users to perform customized analyses across different datasets.
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
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A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
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Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdfshruti1menon2
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
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Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
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Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
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How Does CRISIL Evaluate Lenders in India for Credit RatingsShaheen Kumar
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1. Biomass Smoke Emissions and Transport: Community-based Satellite and Surface Data Analysis R.B. Husar Washington University in St. Louis Presented at NARSTO Workshop on Innovative Methods for Emission-Inventory Development and Evaluation Austin, TX ; October 14-17, 2003
12. Aerosol Optical Depth and Solar Radiation Mexican Smoke Event, May 1998 Spectral aerosol optical thickness measured by the AERONET network at Bondville, IL. Solar radiation data derived from Shadowband Radiometer Network at Big Bend, TX.
13. Smoke Complexity Management: R eal-Time A erosol W atch (RAW) RAW is an open communal activity to study aerosol events (e.g. smoke and dust) , including detection, tracking and impact on PM and haze. The main asset of RAW is the community of data analysts, modelers, managers and others participating in the production of actionable knowledge from observations, models and human reasoning The RAW community is supported by a networking infrastructure based on open Internet standards (web services) and a set of web-tools. Initial web tools include the Community Website for open community interaction, the Analysts Console for diverse data access and the Managers Console for AQ management decision support.
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16. Lose Federation of Heterogeneous Distributed Providers, Consumers and Value-Adders Federated information system schematics. Providers expose part data (green) to others Federation facilitates connectivity, exchange Schematics of a the value-adding network node Components embedded in the federated network
17. Real-time PM Monitoring Dashboard Example Views – Selected from Dozens of spatial, temporal, height cross-sections Satellite Animation Satellite Aerosol Weather PM/Haze PM/Haze Surface wind vector Back/Forw. Trajectories Temperature NAAPS model PM/Bext time series Bext contours PM2.5 contours Satellite Image Dew point / relhum Webcam