This study used Monte Carlo simulations to compare the radiation absorption properties of four scintillators (LSO, GSO, YAP, LuAP) for use in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine applications. The simulations analyzed parameters like quantum detection efficiency, energy absorption efficiency, and efficiency of absorption of incident energy at different scintillator thicknesses and 511 keV exposure energy. Results showed that thicker scintillators had higher absorption and LSO exhibited the best overall absorption, while properties also depended on incident photon energy and scintillator composition.
This is the presentation for a webinar that we recently held, explaining the use of energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-X-ray fluorexcence spectrometry (µ-XRF) in geosciences. You will find lots of interesting applications from this field. If you are interested in viewing a recording of the webinar, please follow this link: https://bruker.webex.com/bruker/lsr.php?AT=pb&SP=EC&rID=65244917&rKey=c8fbbf90d4bab945
This is the presentation for a webinar that we recently held, explaining the use of energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-X-ray fluorexcence spectrometry (µ-XRF) in geosciences. You will find lots of interesting applications from this field. If you are interested in viewing a recording of the webinar, please follow this link: https://bruker.webex.com/bruker/lsr.php?AT=pb&SP=EC&rID=65244917&rKey=c8fbbf90d4bab945
THE USE OF MICRO- AND MACRO-AUTORADIOGRAPHY TO STUDY THE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ...QPS Holdings, LLC
Objectives:
To educate about the methods used to perform Quantitative Whole-Body Autoradiography (QWBA) and Micro-Autoradiography (MARG) to facilitate an understanding of the benefits and limitations of the techniques.
To present examples of how QWBA and MARG have been used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate drugs.
Morphological and Optical Study of Sol-Gel SpinCoated Nanostructured CdSThin ...iosrjce
Nanostructured CdS thin films of different thicknesses were deposited on a cleaned glass substrate
using sol-gel spin coating technique. CdS thin films were prepared using cadmium acetate as cadmium source
and thiourea as sulfur source. The Morphological, chemical composition, and optical properties of the spin- coated
CdS thin film were studied using field emission- scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X –ray
(EDX) spectroscopy, and a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer.The morphological results revealed that the films consist
of agglomerated spherical CdS nanoparticles with diameter < 20 nm, which distributed uniformly on the substrate
surface.The films show high transmittance > 90% and very strong absorption edge at 295 nm.The absorption edge
shifts towards longer wavelength as the film thickness increased.
Capturing Effective Permeabilities of Field Compaction bandsstvsun
Introduction: Effective permeability of a field compaction band formed in an Aztec sand-stone is computed via a hierarchical lattice Boltzmann/finite element (LB/FE) scheme. As observed in reconstructed 3D images (N. Lenoir, et al., GeoX, 2010), the formation of compaction bands may reduce the number of flow channels and cause a significant portion of pore space become isolated. This isolated pore space is the focus of this study. In particular, we show that (1) isolated pore space is the main cause of the sharp permeability difference inside/outside the compaction band and (2) the speed and accuracy of the multi-scale framework can be significantly improved if the isolated pore space is captured prior to permeability calculations.
Method: The calculation of effective permeability involves three steps. First, the topology of the isolated pore space is captured via a level set evolution scheme (Chunming, Li, et al., IEEE, 2005). The key idea is to obtain the signed distance function and use it to separate the micro-channel from the isolated pore space. As pore-fiuid trapped inside the pore space remains undrained, size of the pore-scale LB simulation can be reduced by neglecting the discrete distribution function inside the isolated pore space. Furthermore, by knowing the topology of the isolated pore space, we eliminate any chance of mistaking an isolated pore space as a flow channel in a representative elementary volume and hence enhance the accuracy of the permeability calculation. Secondly, LB simulation is conducted in a representative elementary volume to compute local permeability. Finally, permeability acquired from the pore-scale LB simulation is extracted as input for the macro-scale Darcy\'s flow problem solved via finite element. Components of the macroscopic effective permeability tensor are then inversely computed from the known homogenized Darcy\'s velocity and pressure fields.
Result: LB simulations and LB/FEM hybrid simulations are both run on images reconstructed from Aztec sandstone specimens inside and outside a field compaction band. The effective permeability computed via both simulations are in agreement. Although the difference on porosity inside/outside compaction band is only about 5%, we observe a dramatic difference on permeability inside/outside compaction band. This change is nevertheless consistent with the increase of proportion of isolated pore space inside the compaction band.
Conclusion: We propose a multi-scale framework to capture the permeability of a field compaction band. Unlike the pore space numerically constructed by randomly distributed disk, real pore space inside field compaction band is narrower and less interconnected. This feature severely limited the number of possible paths pore-fluid can travel in and therefore makes the isolated pore space significant on permeability calculations.
Monte Carlo Dose Algorithm Clinical White PaperBrainlab
Learn more: https://www.brainlab.com/iplan-rt
Conventional dose calculation algorithms, such as Pencil Beam are proven effective for tumors located in homogeneous regions with similar tissue consistency such as the brain. However, these algorithms tend to overestimate the dose distribution in tumors diagnosed in extracranial regions such as in the lung and head and neck regions where large inhomogeneities exist. Due to the inconsistencies seen in current calculation methods for extracranial treatments and the need for more precise radiation delivery, research has led to the creation and integration of improved calculation methods into treatment planning software.
Optical and Dielectric Studies on Semiorganic Nonlinear Optical Crystal by So...ijrap
The field of nonlinear optics became practically a reality after the invention of laser. High performance electro-optic switching elements for telecommunication and optical information processing are based on materials with high nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Single crystals of nonlinear optical material Llysine sulphate (LLS) are grown by slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure and lattice parameters are determined for the grown crystal by single X-ray diffraction studies. The wide transparency range of the crystals in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum is identified by the UV-Vis-NIR technique. The mechanical property of the grown crystal is determined by Vicker’s microhardness test. It is observed from the microhardness studies of the grown crystals that the hardness increases with increase in load. Meyer’s index n is calculated which proves that the material belongs to soft material category. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss are calculated by varying the frequencies at room temperature. The emission of green light on passing the Nd: YAG laser confirms the second harmonic generation (SHG) property of the crystals .The SHG efficiency of the crystals are found to be better than that of Potassium Di hydrogen Phosphate (KDP)
THE USE OF MICRO- AND MACRO-AUTORADIOGRAPHY TO STUDY THE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ...QPS Holdings, LLC
Objectives:
To educate about the methods used to perform Quantitative Whole-Body Autoradiography (QWBA) and Micro-Autoradiography (MARG) to facilitate an understanding of the benefits and limitations of the techniques.
To present examples of how QWBA and MARG have been used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate drugs.
Morphological and Optical Study of Sol-Gel SpinCoated Nanostructured CdSThin ...iosrjce
Nanostructured CdS thin films of different thicknesses were deposited on a cleaned glass substrate
using sol-gel spin coating technique. CdS thin films were prepared using cadmium acetate as cadmium source
and thiourea as sulfur source. The Morphological, chemical composition, and optical properties of the spin- coated
CdS thin film were studied using field emission- scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X –ray
(EDX) spectroscopy, and a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer.The morphological results revealed that the films consist
of agglomerated spherical CdS nanoparticles with diameter < 20 nm, which distributed uniformly on the substrate
surface.The films show high transmittance > 90% and very strong absorption edge at 295 nm.The absorption edge
shifts towards longer wavelength as the film thickness increased.
Capturing Effective Permeabilities of Field Compaction bandsstvsun
Introduction: Effective permeability of a field compaction band formed in an Aztec sand-stone is computed via a hierarchical lattice Boltzmann/finite element (LB/FE) scheme. As observed in reconstructed 3D images (N. Lenoir, et al., GeoX, 2010), the formation of compaction bands may reduce the number of flow channels and cause a significant portion of pore space become isolated. This isolated pore space is the focus of this study. In particular, we show that (1) isolated pore space is the main cause of the sharp permeability difference inside/outside the compaction band and (2) the speed and accuracy of the multi-scale framework can be significantly improved if the isolated pore space is captured prior to permeability calculations.
Method: The calculation of effective permeability involves three steps. First, the topology of the isolated pore space is captured via a level set evolution scheme (Chunming, Li, et al., IEEE, 2005). The key idea is to obtain the signed distance function and use it to separate the micro-channel from the isolated pore space. As pore-fiuid trapped inside the pore space remains undrained, size of the pore-scale LB simulation can be reduced by neglecting the discrete distribution function inside the isolated pore space. Furthermore, by knowing the topology of the isolated pore space, we eliminate any chance of mistaking an isolated pore space as a flow channel in a representative elementary volume and hence enhance the accuracy of the permeability calculation. Secondly, LB simulation is conducted in a representative elementary volume to compute local permeability. Finally, permeability acquired from the pore-scale LB simulation is extracted as input for the macro-scale Darcy\'s flow problem solved via finite element. Components of the macroscopic effective permeability tensor are then inversely computed from the known homogenized Darcy\'s velocity and pressure fields.
Result: LB simulations and LB/FEM hybrid simulations are both run on images reconstructed from Aztec sandstone specimens inside and outside a field compaction band. The effective permeability computed via both simulations are in agreement. Although the difference on porosity inside/outside compaction band is only about 5%, we observe a dramatic difference on permeability inside/outside compaction band. This change is nevertheless consistent with the increase of proportion of isolated pore space inside the compaction band.
Conclusion: We propose a multi-scale framework to capture the permeability of a field compaction band. Unlike the pore space numerically constructed by randomly distributed disk, real pore space inside field compaction band is narrower and less interconnected. This feature severely limited the number of possible paths pore-fluid can travel in and therefore makes the isolated pore space significant on permeability calculations.
Monte Carlo Dose Algorithm Clinical White PaperBrainlab
Learn more: https://www.brainlab.com/iplan-rt
Conventional dose calculation algorithms, such as Pencil Beam are proven effective for tumors located in homogeneous regions with similar tissue consistency such as the brain. However, these algorithms tend to overestimate the dose distribution in tumors diagnosed in extracranial regions such as in the lung and head and neck regions where large inhomogeneities exist. Due to the inconsistencies seen in current calculation methods for extracranial treatments and the need for more precise radiation delivery, research has led to the creation and integration of improved calculation methods into treatment planning software.
Optical and Dielectric Studies on Semiorganic Nonlinear Optical Crystal by So...ijrap
The field of nonlinear optics became practically a reality after the invention of laser. High performance electro-optic switching elements for telecommunication and optical information processing are based on materials with high nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Single crystals of nonlinear optical material Llysine sulphate (LLS) are grown by slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure and lattice parameters are determined for the grown crystal by single X-ray diffraction studies. The wide transparency range of the crystals in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum is identified by the UV-Vis-NIR technique. The mechanical property of the grown crystal is determined by Vicker’s microhardness test. It is observed from the microhardness studies of the grown crystals that the hardness increases with increase in load. Meyer’s index n is calculated which proves that the material belongs to soft material category. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss are calculated by varying the frequencies at room temperature. The emission of green light on passing the Nd: YAG laser confirms the second harmonic generation (SHG) property of the crystals .The SHG efficiency of the crystals are found to be better than that of Potassium Di hydrogen Phosphate (KDP)
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
Similar to Monte Carlo comparison study of the radiation absorption of scintillators for use in Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Applications (20)
Tzitzikosta message for the world heritage monuments exhibitionAnax Fotopoulos
MESSAGE BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE HELLENIC NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO EKATERINI TZITZIKOSTA OPENING OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION OF THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES.
Architecture of the human regulatory network derived from encode dataAnax Fotopoulos
Transcription factors bind in a combinatorial fashion to specify the on-and-off states of genes; the ensemble of
these binding events forms a regulatory network, constituting the wiring diagram for a cell. To examine the
principles of the human transcriptional regulatory network, we determined the genomic binding information of
119 transcription-related factors in over 450 distinct experiments. We found the combinatorial, co-association of
transcription factors to be highly context specific: distinct combinations of factors bind at specific genomic locations.
In particular, there are significant differences in the binding proximal and distal to genes. We organized all the
transcription factor binding into a hierarchy and integrated it with other genomic information (for example,
microRNA regulation), forming a dense meta-network. Factors at different levels have different properties; for
instance, top-level transcription factors more strongly influence expression and middle-level ones co-regulate
targets to mitigate information-flow bottlenecks. Moreover, these co-regulations give rise to many enriched
network motifs (for example, noise-buffering feed-forward loops). Finally, more connected network components
are under stronger selection and exhibit a greater degree of allele-specific activity (that is, differential binding to the
two parental alleles). The regulatory information obtained in this study will be crucial for interpreting personal genome
sequences and understanding basic principles of human biology and disease.
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family of extracellular signalling molecules. RET loss of function mutations are associated with the development of Hirschsprung's disease, while gain of function mutations are associated with the development of various types of human cancer, including medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasias type 2A and 2B, pheochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia.
RET is an abbreviation for "rearranged during transfection", as the DNA sequence of this gene was originally found to be rearranged within a 3T3 fibroblast cell line following its transfection with DNA taken from human lymphoma cells. The human gene RET is localized to chromosome 10 (10q11.2) and contains 21 exons.
The natural alternative splicing of the RET gene results in the production of 3 different isoforms of the protein RET. RET51, RET43 and RET9 contain 51, 43 and 9 amino acids in their C-terminal tail respectively. The biological roles of isoforms RET51 and RET9 are the most well studied in-vivo as these are the most common isoforms in which RET occurs.
Common to each isoform is a domain structure. Each protein is divided into three domains: an N-terminal extracellular domain with four cadherin-like repeats and a cysteine-rich region, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain, which is split by an insertion of 27 amino acids. Within the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain, there are 16 tyrosines (Tyrs) in RET9 and 18 in RET51. Tyr1090 and Tyr1096 are present only in the RET51 isoform.
The extracellular domain of RET contains nine N-glycosylation sites. The fully glycosylated RET protein is reported to have a molecular weight of 170 kDa although it is not clear to which isoform this molecular weight relates.
From Smart Homes to Smart Cities: An approach based on Internet-of-ThingsAnax Fotopoulos
Several applications and services have been developed over the latest years for making houses smarter in terms of danger prevention, energy consumption, waste recycling, environmental monitoring and other life improvement implementations. Internet-of-Things (IoT) gave numerous possibilities decentralizing the control of smart homes. Numerous sensors and developed systems or services can all communicate via smart devices like smartphones. A continuously broaden interest arises from local and national authorities for the benefits of applying IoT strategies in whole cities. With main focus on energy and water consumption, cities can reduce significantly their costs and become environmentally and economically sustainable. In the transition from smart homes to smart cities serious challenges should be take into consideration including a human-centric approach and the beneficiary involvement of the citizens for local and national authorities. The design of an IoT strategy for smart cities is a multifaceted procedure which includes the study of economic, urban, demographic and geographical indicators. In this paper, empirical evidence from selected case studies are presented.
The social aspect of Smart Wearable Systems in the era of Internet-of-ThingsAnax Fotopoulos
Social networking (Web 2.0) changed the way of interaction and communication of humans-to-humans, companies-to-customers, universities-to-students and state-to-citizens. The movement from static web pages (Web 1.0) to social networking and the rapid growth of smart devices created a new need for more complex data-on-demand across multiple platforms and devices. Cloud computing, miniaturization of sensors and low energy wireless technologies offered adequate possibilities to measure and understand environmental, health, industrial and other indicators, delivered in smart devices or in the web. The skyrocketing proliferation of the bidirectional communication between sensors and smart devices created a new series of products bringing us to the era of Internet-of-Things (IoT). The ubiquitous computing (presumed as Web 3.0) states that computing will appear in any device and in any location. Smart Wearable Systems (SWS) constitute the latest effort of academia and industry to toward this direction, aiming to enhance the communication and the velocity between IoT applications, smart devices (smartphones, tablets & smart TVs) and social networks. In this paper an analysis over social aspects of SWS is performed. Recent reports show that IoT market will be bigger than the total market of smart devices and PCs combined, enlarging the overall interest.
Introduction to HMMER - A biosequence analysis tool with Hidden Markov Models Anax Fotopoulos
HMMER is used for searching sequence databases for homologs of protein sequences, and for making protein sequence alignments. It implements methods using probabilistic models called profile hidden Markov models (profile HMMs).
Compared to BLAST, FASTA, and other sequence alignment and database search tools based on older scoring methodology, HMMER aims to be significantly more accurate and more able to detect remote homologs because of the strength of its underlying mathematical models. In the past, this strength came at significant computational expense, but in the new HMMER3 project, HMMER is now essentially as fast as BLAST.
As part of this evolution in the HMMER software, we are committed to making the software available to as many scientists as possible. Earlier releases of HMMER were restricted to command line use. To make the software more accessible to the wide scientific community, we now provide servers that allow sequence searches to be performed interactively via the Web.
TIS prediction in human cDNAs with high accuracyAnax Fotopoulos
Correct identification of the Translation Initiation Start (TIS) in cDNA is an important issue for genome annotation. The aim of this work is to improve upon current methods and provide a performance guaranteed prediction.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Monte Carlo comparison study of the radiation absorption of scintillators for use in Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Applications
1. Monte Carlo comparison study of the radiation
absorption of scintillators for use in Diagnostic
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Applications.
Authors:
T. J. Sevvosa, A. A. Fotopoulosa, E. M.Vlamakisa, X. A.Argyrioua,
N. N. Chatzisavvasa,A. Efdaimona, K. Vagennasa,
P. H. Yannakopoulosa, I. Valaisb, I. Kandarakisb and D. Nikolopoulos
a.TEI of Pireaus b.TEI of Athens
Team:env-hum-comp-res.teipir.gr
2. AIM
X-ray absorption and x-ray fluorescence
properties of medical imaging scintillating
screens via Monte Carlo methods.
3. Introduction
Scintillators are materials which are used as
radiation sensors in medical representation.
Scintillators which were studied:
Scintillator Density
(g cm3)
Gd2SiO (GSO) 4.15
YAlO3 (YAP) 7.40
LuSiO5 (LSO) 6.71
LuAlO3 (LuAP) 7.34
4. Materials and Methods 1
Adequate EGSnrcMP codes were generated
together with other self-developed and validated
Monte-Carlo software.
Parameters studied were (a) scintillator material
and (b) energy of exposure. Energy value studied
was 511 keV. This is the characteristic energy for
positron emission tomography(PET).
5. Materials and Methods 2
EGS
The EGS (Electron–Gamma–Shower) platform is
a general purpose package for the Monte Carlo
simulation of the coupled transport of electrons
and photons in an arbitrary geometry for particles
with energies above a few keV up to several
hundreds of GeV.
6. Materials and Methods 3
Phenomena for EGS simulations:
● Compton scattering
● Coherent (Rayleigh) scattering
● Multiple scattering of charged particles
● Møller and Bhabha scattering
● Continuous energy loss of charged particle tracks between
discrete interactions
● Pair production
● Bremsstrahlung production
● Positron annihilation in flight and at rest
● Relaxation of excited atoms after vacancies are created
7. Materials and Methods 4
PEGS4 code
Generation of mortran codes (Fortran pre
processor) for the input of simulation
parameters
● pegs4dat:definition if the charasteristics of the
material(name,structure etc)
● egsinp:definition of the parameters for how the
simulation is going to be.
8. Materials and Methods 5
The scintillators were modelled as blocks of various
thickness values. A series of thickness values ranging
from 0 to 50 mm were investigated.
Modeled scintillators were considered to be exposed to
x-ray initiating from a point source located at the central
axis of the entrance area of the scintillator block at pencil
beam geometry.
z
9. Materials and Methods 6
Parameters were studied from simulations:
● Quantum Detection Efficiency (QDE) from
every block of scintillator
● Energy Absorption Efficiency(EAE) from every
block of scintillator
● Efficiency of Absorption of Incident Energy
(EAIE)
10. Results and Discussion 1
For the LSO, GSO and LuAP
crystals:
Overall Absorbed-EAIE
increases with increasing crystal
thickness tending to form a
plateau above at 40 mm
thickness. For these crystals this
EAIE at the 10 mm thickness had
the values of 44.8%, 36.9% and
45.7% respectively and 96.4%,
93.2% and 96.9% at the 50 mm
thickness.
For the YAP crystals:
Overall absorbed-EAIE at 511 keV for the Overall Absorbed-EAIE
four scintillators under study. increases continuously in the
whole of the examined thickness
range. The Overall Absorbed-
EAIE of the YAP crystals
presented the values of 16.8% at
the 10 mm crystal thickness and
68.1 % at the 50 mm thickness
respectively.
11. Results and Discussion 2
The Scatter and Reabsorbed-EAIE
increases with crystal thickness.
30
Scatter and Reabsorbed-EAIE:
For LSO crystals:
12.8% 10 mm thickness
20
LSO 59.9% 50 mm thickness
GSO 57-59% plateau area (40mm)
(%)
YAP
10
For the GSO crystals:
LuAP
22.3% 10 mm thickness
63.5% 50 mm thickness
0 59-63% plateau area (40mm)
0 10 20 30 40 50
For the YAP crystals:
Thickness (mm) 15.2% 10 mm thickness
26.2% 50 mm thickness
Scatter and Reabsorbed-EAIE at 511keV for 52-63% plateau area (40mm)
the four scintillators under study For the LuAP crystals:
62.9% 10 mm thickness
61.6% 50 mm thickness
58-61% plateau area (40mm)
12. Results and Discussion 3
For the LSO, GSO, YAP and
LuAP:
QDE was found to be:
10mm
LSO:54.9%
GSO:48.8%
YAP:37.4%
LuAP:56.8%
50mm
QDE at 511 keV for the four LSO:96.4%
scintillators under study. GSO:95.4%
YAP:89.9%
LuAP:96.9%
13. Results and Discussion 4
The shapes of the QDE curves presented similarities to
the corresponding curves of the overall absorbed-EAIE
but they are shifted up to higher values.
This was more strongly observed for the YAP scintillator.
14. Results and Discussion 5
● Results indicated that x-ray absorption and x-ray
fluorescence are affected by the incident photon
energy and the thickness.
● X-ray absorption and fluorescence was found to
exhibit very intense changes near the corresponding
K-edge of the heaviest element in the scintillator.
● Thicker scintillators exhibited higher x-ray absorption
and x-ray fluorescence.
● A significant fraction of the generated x-ray fluorescent
quanta was found to escape from the studied
scintillators.This increased with increase in thickness.
15. Results and Discussion 6
● Most of the incident photons were found to be absorbed
via one-hit photoelectric effect.
● Differences in x-ray absorption and x-ray fluorescence
were found among the various scintillators studied.
● LSO scintillator was found to be the most attractive
material for use in many applications, exhibiting the best
absorption properties in the largest part of the energy
studied.
● Y based scintillators were also found of significant
absorption performance within the low energy ranges.
16. References
● Comparative study using Monte Carlo methods of the radiation detection
efficiency of LSO, LuAP, GSO and YAP scintillators for use in positron
emission imaging (PET) ,Dimitrios Nikolopoulos, Ioannis Kandarakis,
Xenophon Tsantilas, Ioannis Valais, Dionisios Cavouras, Anna Louizi
● Monte Carlo study of the Detection Efficiency of various scintillators for use
in positron emission imaging (PET) ,D. Nikolopoulos, I. Valais, P.Gonias, N.
Bertsekas, S. David, C. Michail D. Cavouras, G.S. Panayiotakis, I.
Kandarakis
● J.M. Boone, J.A. Seibert, J.M. Sabol, M. Tecotzky, Med. Phys. 26 (6) (1999) 905.
● I. Kandarakis, D. Cavouras, Eur. Radiol. 11 (2001) 1083.
● J.M. Bonne, V.N. Cooper, Med. Phys. 27 (8) (2000) 1818.
● J.M. Boone, X-ray production, interaction, and detection in diagnostic imaging, in:
J. Beutel, H.L. Kundel, R.L. Van Metter (Eds.), Handbook of Medical Imaging,
Physics and Psycophysics, vol. 1, SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2000, p. 40.