Aristotle and Galileo helped develop early understandings of motion by describing that an object requires a force to cause its motion and that an object will continue in motion with constant velocity unless acted on by an external force. Newton furthered the study of motion by focusing on the forces that cause different states of motion in objects. Kinematics and dynamics are then introduced to quantitatively describe and account for observed motion in terms of forces. The key concepts of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, projectile motion, balanced and unbalanced forces, and Newton's three laws of motion are outlined.

1. By: Khryzia Beatrize P. Montalbo

2. Aristotle generalized the common
sense notion that an object cannot
undergo motion without something
that causes it to move as it does.
Galileo reasoned that an object
will continue to move with constant
velocity if no external force acts to
affect this motion.
*Their works were focused on the description of motion, while
Newton’s study of motion was centered on the force that causes the
different states of motion of an object.

3. Scalar quantity – has magnitude (a number and a unit of measure) only
Vector quantity – has magnitude and direction
*The resultant vector represents the sum of two or more vectors.
MEASUREMENTS and Vectors
Measurement is the process of comparing a quantity
with a chosen standard.
Accuracy is the closeness of the value to the exact value.
Precision is the closeness of two measurements to each other.
Base Units
- also known as
fundamental
units
Derived Units
- obtained from
the combination
of fundamental
properties

4. KINEMATICS DESCRIBES
QUANTITATIVELY HOW A
BODY MOVES THROUGH
SPACE.
DYNAMICS ACCOUNTS
FOR THE OBSERVED
MOTION IN TERMS OF
FORCES, ETC.
MOTION
CONTINUOUS CHANGE OF POSITION WITH RESPECT TO A REFERENCE
POINT
Distance – total length covered
Displacement – length from starting to final point
Speed – distance traveled by an object in a given time
Velocity – rate of change of displacement
Acceleration – rate of change in velocity

5. PROJECTILE MOTION
-is a combination of vertical
and horizontal motions that are
completely independent of each
other
-is the motion of a body with a
constant acceleration
GIF Source: Physics Classroom

6. Air is a source of friction (air
resistance). Too much air resistance is a
hindrance to moving fast. The amount of
air resistance depends on the size and
shape of the object and on its velocity.
Balanced Forces – equal forces that act on an object in
opposite directions, no acceleration, 0 net force; constant
velocity or at rest
Unbalanced Forces – if one of the forces is greater that the
other, may cause an object to start moving, change speed,
stop moving, or change direction.
Example Images from Physics Classroom

7. 4 Fundamental Forces
1.Gravitational Force
2.Electromagnetic Force
3.Strong Nuclear Force
4.Weak Nuclear Force
Torque = F x d┴

8. Newton’s Laws of Motion
First Law: Law of Inertia
Inertia – tendency of an object to persist in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line
* An object in motion continues to be in motion while an
object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by an
external force. *
GIF Source: Physics Classroom GIF Source: www.bergentechstudents.org

9. Second Law: Law of Acceleration
Acceleration
∝ Net Force
W= mg
* A net force acting on a body produces an acceleration which
is in the direction of the force. This acceleration is
directly proportional to the force, and inversely
proportional to the mass of the body. *
Image Source: dcpspublic.oncoursesystems.com

10. Third Law: Law of Interaction
Action Reaction
* For every force applied to a body, there is an equal and
opposite force given back to the body. These two forces do
not balance each other because these are not exerted on the
same body. *
Image Source: Physics Classroom
Image Source: physics.tutorvista.com
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