MONEY, FUNCTIONS OF MONEY AND DIFFICULTIES IN BARTER SYSTEM.
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.
Forward market, arbitrage, hedging and speculationMohit Singhal
Covers various aspects related to forward market, forward rate, long and short forward position, arbitrage, hedging and speculation along with various illustrative examples.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
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it is a full information for the students according to thrir examinations point of view about monetary policy and objectives,nature, instruments of monitary policy
Forward market, arbitrage, hedging and speculationMohit Singhal
Covers various aspects related to forward market, forward rate, long and short forward position, arbitrage, hedging and speculation along with various illustrative examples.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
it is a full information for the students according to thrir examinations point of view about monetary policy and objectives,nature, instruments of monitary policy
A fantastic PPT on a very important and scoring topic. A quick and easy explanation of the chapter Money & Banking. It has got all the material information required to enhance one's knowledge about the topic. Excellent and interesting facts. HAPPY LEARNING !!
This slideshow briefs about Barter system including qualities, value, types and functions of money. This also briefs about concept of liquidity and concept of demand for money.
Monetary means relating to money, especially the total amount of money in a country. [business] Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation. Synonyms: financial, money, economic, capital More Synonyms of monetary.
Financial instruments are assets that have a monetary value or record.docxedmundp8cgllams
Financial instruments are assets that have a monetary value or record a monetary transaction. To coordinate the exchange of capital between borrowers and lenders, financial instruments trade in the financial markets. These financial instruments can be categorized on the basis of their issuers, maturity, risk, and ether factors. Identify the financial instruments based on the following descriptions. Which of the following are money market instruments? Check all that apply. Long-term bank loans Common stocks Eurodollar time deposits Bankers\' acceptarces Preferred stocks The process through which savings and loan associations (SSLs), banks, and entities such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac create financial instruments by combining ether financial assets, such as mortgages and credit card debt, is called
Solution
Description 1
Based on description it is classified as Treasury bills
Treasury bills are short-term securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. The Treasury sells bills at regularly scheduled auctions to refinance maEagleTraders.comg issues. It also helps to finance current federal deficits. They further sell bills on an irregular basis to smooth out the uneven flow of revenues from corporate and individual tax receipts.
Description 2
Based on description it is classified as Commercial Paper
Commercial Paper is a short-term unsecured promissory note issued by corporations and foreign governments. It is a low-cost alternative to bank loans, for many large, credit worthy issuers.  Issuers are able to efficiently raise large amounts of funds quickly and without expensive Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) registration. They sell paper, either directly or through independent dealers, to a large and varied pool of institutional buyers. Investors in commercial paper earn competitive, market-determined yields in notes whose maturity and amounts can be tailored to their specific needs.
Description 3
Based on description it is classified as Shares in Money Market Instruments
Description 4
Based on description it is classified as Coprorate Debt Securities.
Follwoing are the money market instruments
Bankers Acceptances
Eurodollar Time Deposits
.
The Utility Stores Corporation (USC) of Pakistan is a State-owned enterprise that operates chain stores throughout the country whose main purpose is to provide basic commodities to the general public at lower prices than the open market.
But due to the supermarkets, buyers prefer to go there than to utility stores because Its better to visit to supermarkets which have much better environment than to wait in queues outside the utility stores.
The Utility Stores' performance is declining day by day BECAUSE they aren’t able to manage their working capital properly.
Usama Shahid Khan, Pakistani Information System Engineer turned entrepreneur turned project manager, graduated from NUST.
He quit his job and started working on startups. After many attempts, he finally succeeded to launch a project named “MeriTaleem” but eventually it failed !
IDEO is a global design company that creates positive impact through design. David Kelley, Bill Moggridge, & Mike Nuttall merged their companies to make IDEO.
1. What is the difference between corporate finance and entrepreneurial finance?
2. How do we know whether an idea has the potential to become a viable business opportunity?
3. Describe and discuss some of the best financial practices of high growth, high performance firms. Why is it also important to consider production and operation practices?
4. Identify some types of financing that are associated with each of the following stages of new venture development: research and development, start up, early growth, rapid growth and exit?
5. At what stage of venture development is each of the following most likely to invest, an angel investor? A venture capitalist? Why?
Portfolio Management for New Product Development: Results of an Industry Practices Study. By Dr. Robert G. Cooper, Dr. Scott J. Edgett and Dr. Elko J. Kleinschmidt
Portfolio Management for New Product Development: Results of an Industry Practices Study
By Dr. Robert G. Cooper, Dr. Scott J. Edgett and Dr. Elko J. Kleinschmidt
Spotify Technology S.A. is a Swedish media-services provider founded in 2006. The company's primary business is its audio streaming platform that provides DRM-protected music and podcasts from record labels and media companies
Casper: Founded in 2014, New York-based Casper is perhaps the most well-known among new entrants likely due to its unusual and effective marketing techniques. It has raised $240 million in VC investment, including those from celebrity investors Ashton Kutcher and Leonardo DiCaprio. Since inception, its product line has expanded to include pillows, sheets, a dog bed, and beyond. Casper has more than 300 employees and in 2016 it generated over $200 million.
KHALIDA BROHI, FOUNDER & EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF “SUGHAR FOUNDATION” and Co-founder of “The Chai Spot”.
The idea of Sughar emerged in 2009. Sughar (meaning “skilled and confident woman” in Urdu).
SIX ESSENTIALS
1. Clearly tells the story.
2. Visually appealing.
3. Attempts to be thought-provoking.
4. Answers a need or desire for the audience.
5. Includes a Call-to-Action
6. Adaptable for different target audiences.
Rewari walay Haji Rabri established in 1948. The name of the business is based on the name of the founder that is, Haji Bashiruddin. He and his family migrated from Rewari, India to settle in Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Case study: The Rise and Fall of Nokia By by Juan Alcacer, Tarun Khanna and Christine Snively.
Nokia provides telecommunications network equipment and services.
It was world’s leading manufacturer of mobile telephone handsets.
BUT Had to sale it’s assets to the Microsoft for $7.2 billion.
The sale marked as “sad ending to Nokia”.
In the eyes of CPEC officials, this project is the open opportunity to enhance trade as it will promote bilateral connectivity but it is also very necessary to know that is there any hidden threat in this open opportunity? There are many concerns regarding this project which should be consider, there are so many questions which are still unanswered.
Argument on “The Things They Carried; the Man I Killed” by Tim O’Brien.
It becomes clear that this is the description of a man whom O’Brien killed and after killing he’s analyzing the dead body of a young boy and ashamed on what he has done.
Product Specification Process & Concept Generation Process
product specification process
1.Set Target Specifications
2.Refine Specifications
3.Reflect on Results
concept generation process
1. Clarify the Problem
2. External Search
3. Internal Search
4. Systematic Exploration
5. Reflect on the solutions
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
MONEY, FUNCTIONS OF MONEY AND DIFFICULTIES IN BARTER SYSTEM
1. 1
SUBJECT :
MONEY AND BANKING
ASSIGNMENT ON:
MONEY, FUNCTIONS OF MONEY AND DIFFICULTIES IN
BARTER SYSTEM
SUBMITTED TO:
SIR NAJJAF CHANNA
SUBMITTED BY:
VARDA SHAIKH (1310-BBA027)
2. 2
CONTENTS
1. MONEY…………………………………………………………………….. 3
2. FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
2.1medium of exchange……………………………………………4
2.2measure of value (or unit of account)…………………………4
2.3standard of value (or standard of deferred payment)………..4
2.4store of value…………………………………………………….4
3. DIFFICULTIES IN BARTER SYSTEM
3.1Lack of double coincidence of wants: ...
3.2Lack of common measure of value: .....................................5
3.3Lack of standard of deferred payment: ................................5
3.4Difficulty in storing wealth………………………………….....5
3.5Indivisibility of goods:………………………………………….5
3. 3
1. MONEY
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods
and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic
context.The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange; a
unit of account; a store of value; and, sometimes, a standard of deferred payment. Any
item or verifiable record that fulfills these functions can be considered as money.
Money is historically an emergent market phenomenon establishing a commodity
money, but nearly all contemporary money systems are based on fiat money. Fiat
money, like any check or note of debt, is without use value as a physical commodity. It
derives its value by being declared by a government to be legal tender; that is, it must
be accepted as a form of payment within the boundaries of the country, for "all debts,
public and private".
The money supply of a country consists of currency (banknotes and coins) and,
depending on the particular definition used, one or more types of bank money (the
balances held in checking accounts, savings accounts, and other types of bank
accounts). Bank money, which consists only of records (mostly computerized in modern
banking), forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries.
4. 4
2. FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
In Money and the Mechanism of Exchange (1875), William Stanley Jevons famously
analyzed money in terms of four functions:
1. medium of exchange
2. measure of value (or unit of account)
3. standard of value (or standard of deferred payment)
4. store of value.
2.1 Medium of exchange
When money is used to intermediate the exchange of goods and services, it is
performing a function as a medium of exchange. It thereby avoids the inefficiencies of a
barter system, such as the "coincidence of wants" problem. Money's most important
usage is as a method for comparing the values of dissimilar objects.
2.2 Measure of value
A unit of account (in economics]) is a standard numerical monetary unit of measurement
of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions. Also known as a
"measure" or "standard" of relative worth and deferred payment, a unit of account is a
necessary prerequisite for the formulation of commercial agreements that involve debt.
Money acts as a standard measure and common denomination of trade. It is thus a
basis for quoting and bargaining of prices. It is necessary for developing efficient
accounting systems.
2.3 Standard of deferred payment
While standard of deferred payment is distinguished by some texts particularly older
ones, other texts subsume this under other functions A "standard of deferred payment"
is an accepted way to settle a debt – a unit in which debts are denominated, and the
status of money as legal tender, in those jurisdictions which have this concept, states
that it may function for the discharge of debts. When debts are denominated in money,
the real value of debts may change due to inflation and deflation, and for sovereign and
international debts via debasement and devaluation.
2.4 Store of value
To act as a store of value, a money must be able to be reliably saved, stored, and
retrieved – and be predictably usable as a medium of exchange when it is retrieved.
The value of the money must also remain stable over time. Some have argued
that inflation, by reducing the value of money, diminishes the ability of the money to
function as a store of value
5. 5
3. DIFFICULTIES IN BARTER SYSTEM
Inconveniences (Problems) of Barter Exchange:
1. Lack of double coincidence of wants: ...
2. Lack of common measure of value: ...
3. Lack of standard of deferred payment: ...
4. Difficulty in storing wealth (or generalised purchasing power): ...
5. Indivisibility of goods:
3.1 Lack of double coincidence of wants:
Double coincidence of wants means what one person wants to sell and buy must
coincide with what some other person wants to buy and sell. ‘Simultaneous fulfillment of
mutual wants by buyers and sellers’ is known as double coincidence of wants.
3.2 Lack of common measure of value:
In barter, there is no common measure (unit) of value. Even if buyer and seller of each
other commodity happen to meet, the problem arises in what proportion the two goods
are to be exchanged. Each article must have as many different values as there are
other articles for which it is to be exchanged.
3.3 Lack of standard of deferred payment:
There is problem of borrowing and lending. It is difficult to engage in contracts which
involve future payments due to lack of any satisfactory unit. As a result, future payments
are to be stated in term of specific goods or services. But there could be disagreement
about the quality of the good, specific type of the good and change in the value of the
good.
3.4 Difficulty in storing wealth (or generalised purchasing power):
It is difficult for the people to store wealth or generalised purchasing power for future
use in the form of goods like cattle, wheat, potatoes, etc. Holding of stocks of such
goods involves costly storage and deterioration.
3.5 Indivisibility of goods:
How to exchange goods of unequal value? If a household wants to sell his cow and get
in exchange cloth equal to the value of half of his cow, he cannot do so without killing
his cow. Thus, lack of divisibility of goods makes barter exchange impossible.