Money and Banking
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This slideshow briefs about Barter system including qualities, value, types and functions of money. This also briefs about concept of liquidity and concept of demand for money.
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Micro and macroeconomics
Microeconomics considers the behavior of individuals, households, and firms in making economic decisions with scarce resources. It contrasts with macroeconomics which looks at the overall economy. Supply and demand determine the price in a market where producers and consumers interact. Demand depends on price, income, and preferences, and is usually inversely related to price. Supply depends on price, costs, and objectives, and is usually directly related to price. The equilibrium price is where supply and demand are equal.
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This document defines money and discusses its key functions. It notes that money acts as a medium of exchange, unit of account, standard of deferred payment, store of value, and means of transferring value. The document outlines different forms of money including cash money created by central banks and credit money created by commercial banks through loans. It also discusses quantity theories of money, how money supply is measured, and references for further reading on macroeconomic topics related to money.
Money and banking
This document defines money and discusses its functions and evolution. It notes that money acts as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. Originally barter and commodities were used, but money developed to solve difficulties with barter. Coins and paper money later replaced commodities as money. Modern money includes coins, paper notes, and checkable deposits. Central banks control money supply and commercial banks create credit and accept deposits.
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The document defines money and describes its key functions. Money serves as a medium of exchange, a measure of value, and a standard for deferred payment. It can also act as a store of value, though inflation can weaken this function. Money is further classified as commodity money, which derives value from the materials itself, and token money, which represents value but has no intrinsic worth. Examples of each type are provided.
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This document outlines key concepts related to money, including its definition, evolution, functions, and motives for demand. It discusses how money evolved from bartering systems and commodity money to today's forms, serving important functions as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. Money offers benefits like making transactions more efficient and allowing specialization. It also outlines the transaction, precautionary, and speculative motives for holding cash.
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Microeconomics considers the behavior of individuals, households, and firms in making economic decisions with scarce resources. It contrasts with macroeconomics which looks at the overall economy. Supply and demand determine the price in a market where producers and consumers interact. Demand depends on price, income, and preferences, and is usually inversely related to price. Supply depends on price, costs, and objectives, and is usually directly related to price. The equilibrium price is where supply and demand are equal.
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This document defines money and discusses its key functions. It notes that money acts as a medium of exchange, unit of account, standard of deferred payment, store of value, and means of transferring value. The document outlines different forms of money including cash money created by central banks and credit money created by commercial banks through loans. It also discusses quantity theories of money, how money supply is measured, and references for further reading on macroeconomic topics related to money.
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This document defines money and discusses its functions and evolution. It notes that money acts as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. Originally barter and commodities were used, but money developed to solve difficulties with barter. Coins and paper money later replaced commodities as money. Modern money includes coins, paper notes, and checkable deposits. Central banks control money supply and commercial banks create credit and accept deposits.
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This presentation introduces money and the financial system. It defines key components of the financial system including financial instruments, financial markets, financial institutions, and central banks. It then outlines the five core principles of money and banking: 1) Time has value, 2) Risk requires compensation, 3) Information is the basis for decisions, 4) Markets determine prices and allocate resources, and 5) Stability improves welfare. Each principle is briefly described.
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This document outlines key concepts related to money, including its definition, evolution, functions, and motives for demand. It discusses how money evolved from bartering systems and commodity money to today's forms, serving important functions as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. Money offers benefits like making transactions more efficient and allowing specialization. It also outlines the transaction, precautionary, and speculative motives for holding cash.
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This document provides an overview of money, including its definition, evolution, characteristics, types, functions, demand and supply. It defines money as anything widely used and accepted in transactions. Money has evolved from commodity money backed by precious metals to modern fiat currency not backed by any commodity. Key characteristics include durability, divisibility, transportability and limited supply. The main types discussed are commodity, fiat and bank money. Functions of money include serving as a unit of value, medium of exchange, store of value and standard for deferred payments. Demand is influenced by transactions, precautionary and speculative motives, while supply includes currency and bank deposits measured by indicators like M1, M2 and M3.
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Money originated from the Latin word 'MONETO' and can be defined as any commodity that is generally accepted for exchange and as a measure of value. The primary functions of money are as a medium of exchange to purchase goods and services, and as a measure of value to compare the worth of different commodities. Secondary functions include acting as a standard for deferred payments, a store of value for present and future needs, and allowing the transfer of purchasing power across locations.
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Money refers to anything that is generally accepted as payment. It functions as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. Money includes currency, deposits, and other liquid assets. The money supply has evolved from commodity money to various forms like paper currency, checks, and electronic payments. Measuring the money supply includes aggregates like M1, M2, and M3 that capture currencies and increasingly liquid assets.
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This document provides an overview of money and its functions. It defines money and outlines its main functions, which include being a medium of exchange, measure of value, store of wealth, and enabling future payments and economic activities. The document also discusses the evolution of money from commodity to metallic to paper to electronic forms. It lists the key qualities of good money, such as acceptability, transferability, stability, and divisibility. Finally, it describes the barriers of the barter system and highlights the important role money plays in daily life and the economy.
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The document discusses various definitions and concepts related to money:
1. It outlines traditional, Friedman's, and Gurley-Shaw definitions of money which increasingly broaden the scope of money to include near-money assets.
2. It describes the three main functions of money as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value.
3. Theories of neutrality and non-neutrality of money are discussed in relation to prices, interest rates, and economic output in the short and long run.
4. Quantity theories of money like Fisher's equation and the Cambridge cash balance approach link the money supply to the price level and value of money through demand for real cash balances
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The document summarizes the four main functions or jobs of money: medium of exchange, standard of value, store of value, and standard of deferred payment. It provides details on each function. As a medium of exchange, money facilitates transactions and acts as a universal means to purchase goods and services. As a standard of value, money provides a common unit to measure and compare the values of different products. As a store of value, money can be used to save value, though it may lose value over long periods due to inflation. As a standard of deferred payment, money provides a consistent unit to fulfill long-term financial contracts, but it also erodes in value over such extended periods.
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The document discusses several key concepts related to money and banking:
1. It defines money as having three main functions: medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value.
2. It explains the different measures of money supply (M1, M2, M3) and what types of assets are included in each measure.
3. It discusses what gives money its value, including acceptability, being declared legal tender, and maintaining relative scarcity through central bank management of the supply.
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The document discusses different aspects of monetary systems including:
1) It defines money and lists its key properties and functions such as being a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.
2) It outlines different types of money including commodity money, convertible paper money, inconvertible paper money, bank deposits, and electronic money.
3) It explores the demand for money and identifies three motives for holding money: transactions demand, precautionary demand, and speculative demand. Interest rates are a major factor in determining the amount of money people hold.
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The document introduces the topics of money, banking, and financial markets. It will examine how financial markets like bonds, stocks, and foreign exchange work, as well as how financial institutions like banks and insurance companies operate. It will also explore the role of money in the economy, and how monetary and fiscal policy can impact inflation, interest rates, and business cycles. The document aims to study these topics through a simplified analysis of asset demand, supply and demand equilibrium, and aggregate supply and demand.
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This document discusses the functions of money. It begins by describing difficulties with the barter system, including the lack of a common measure of value and difficulty storing value. It then defines money and explains its five main functions: 1) serving as a medium of exchange by facilitating transactions, 2) acting as a store of value that can be used now and in the future, 3) providing a standard measure of value by which goods and services can be compared, 4) allowing for deferred payments by serving as a standard for settling future debts, and 5) enabling the easy transfer of value from one person to another.
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The document summarizes the four main functions or jobs of money: medium of exchange, standard of value, store of value, and standard of deferred payment. It explains each function in more detail. As a medium of exchange, money facilitates transactions and acts as a universal means to purchase goods and services. As a standard of value, it provides a common unit to measure and compare the values of different products. As a store of value, money can be saved and used later, though it may lose value over long periods due to inflation. As a standard of deferred payment, it provides a unit that remains consistent for contracts involving future payments.
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This document provides an overview of money and banking concepts. It begins with a discussion of barter economies and how money emerged to overcome shortcomings of barter. It then covers qualities and types of money, as well as the functions of money. The document also discusses demand and supply of money, the structure and functions of commercial banks, types of financial instruments, and provides an overview of Sri Lanka's financial system.
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This document provides an overview of economics topics related to money including:
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- Characteristics of money such as acceptability, stability, divisibility
- Functions of money as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account
- Factors that influence the supply and demand of money including interest rates, income levels, and price levels
- Relationship between real and nominal money balances and how inflation impacts demand
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This document provides an overview of money, including its definition, evolution, characteristics, types, functions, demand and supply. It defines money as anything widely used and accepted in transactions. Money has evolved from commodity money backed by precious metals to modern fiat currency not backed by any commodity. Key characteristics include durability, divisibility, transportability and limited supply. The main types discussed are commodity, fiat and bank money. Functions of money include serving as a unit of value, medium of exchange, store of value and standard for deferred payments. Demand is influenced by transactions, precautionary and speculative motives, while supply includes currency and bank deposits measured by indicators like M1, M2 and M3.
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The document discusses the four main functions or jobs of money: medium of exchange, standard of value, store of value, and standard of deferred payment. It explains each function in detail. Money serves as a medium of exchange by facilitating transactions and reducing the inefficiencies of bartering. It acts as a standard of value by providing a common unit to measure and compare the relative worth of goods and services. However, money is only a short-term store of value and standard of deferred payment as inflation erodes its purchasing power over the long-run.
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This learning unit defines money and explains its key functions. It outlines the evolution of the U.S. payment system from commodity money to electronic payments. It also discusses how the money supply is measured through monetary aggregates like M1 and M2, and how these aggregates are used by the Federal Reserve to impact economic spending and conditions.
money functions
Money originated from the Latin word 'MONETO' and can be defined as any commodity that is generally accepted for exchange and as a measure of value. The primary functions of money are as a medium of exchange to purchase goods and services, and as a measure of value to compare the worth of different commodities. Secondary functions include acting as a standard for deferred payments, a store of value for present and future needs, and allowing the transfer of purchasing power across locations.
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This document defines money and discusses its origins and functions. It begins by defining money according to economists as anything that serves as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. Money originated as commodity money, then metallic money like gold and silver coins, followed by paper currency and checks as credit/bank money, and now electronic banking. The primary functions of money are as a medium of exchange, unit of account, standard for deferred payments, and store of value. It also has secondary functions like aiding specialization and trade and being used for loans, and contingent functions related to incomes, credit systems, and liquidity. The document outlines the evolution and roles of money.
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Money refers to anything that is generally accepted as payment. It functions as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. Money includes currency, deposits, and other liquid assets. The money supply has evolved from commodity money to various forms like paper currency, checks, and electronic payments. Measuring the money supply includes aggregates like M1, M2, and M3 that capture currencies and increasingly liquid assets.
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This document provides an overview of money and its functions. It defines money and outlines its main functions, which include being a medium of exchange, measure of value, store of wealth, and enabling future payments and economic activities. The document also discusses the evolution of money from commodity to metallic to paper to electronic forms. It lists the key qualities of good money, such as acceptability, transferability, stability, and divisibility. Finally, it describes the barriers of the barter system and highlights the important role money plays in daily life and the economy.
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The document discusses various definitions and concepts related to money:
1. It outlines traditional, Friedman's, and Gurley-Shaw definitions of money which increasingly broaden the scope of money to include near-money assets.
2. It describes the three main functions of money as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value.
3. Theories of neutrality and non-neutrality of money are discussed in relation to prices, interest rates, and economic output in the short and long run.
4. Quantity theories of money like Fisher's equation and the Cambridge cash balance approach link the money supply to the price level and value of money through demand for real cash balances
functions of money
The document summarizes the four main functions or jobs of money: medium of exchange, standard of value, store of value, and standard of deferred payment. It provides details on each function. As a medium of exchange, money facilitates transactions and acts as a universal means to purchase goods and services. As a standard of value, money provides a common unit to measure and compare the values of different products. As a store of value, money can be used to save value, though it may lose value over long periods due to inflation. As a standard of deferred payment, money provides a consistent unit to fulfill long-term financial contracts, but it also erodes in value over such extended periods.
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The document provides an overview of the evolution of money and the monetary system in India. It discusses the development from barter systems to various forms of money like commodity money, metallic money, paper money, and digital money. It describes the functions of money as a medium of exchange, store of value, and standard of deferred payments. It also discusses key concepts like the money supply and its components, sources of money supply, the role of the central bank (Reserve Bank of India) and commercial banks in money creation through credit. It provides definitions of legal tender money and different measures of money supply used in India.
Money, banking, and financial institutions
The document discusses several key concepts related to money and banking:
1. It defines money as having three main functions: medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value.
2. It explains the different measures of money supply (M1, M2, M3) and what types of assets are included in each measure.
3. It discusses what gives money its value, including acceptability, being declared legal tender, and maintaining relative scarcity through central bank management of the supply.
Functions Of Money
The document discusses different aspects of monetary systems including:
1) It defines money and lists its key properties and functions such as being a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.
2) It outlines different types of money including commodity money, convertible paper money, inconvertible paper money, bank deposits, and electronic money.
3) It explores the demand for money and identifies three motives for holding money: transactions demand, precautionary demand, and speculative demand. Interest rates are a major factor in determining the amount of money people hold.
An Introduction to Fiat Money
Lots of people have an intuition that "fiat money" -- money based on government paper with no commodity like gold to "back" it -- is something of a scam, weak and doomed to failure. That intuition is wrong. Fiat money runs the world, obviously, and that isn't an accident. Here's how (I think) it works.
Why study Money, Banking and Finance
The document introduces the topics of money, banking, and financial markets. It will examine how financial markets like bonds, stocks, and foreign exchange work, as well as how financial institutions like banks and insurance companies operate. It will also explore the role of money in the economy, and how monetary and fiscal policy can impact inflation, interest rates, and business cycles. The document aims to study these topics through a simplified analysis of asset demand, supply and demand equilibrium, and aggregate supply and demand.
money, functions
This document discusses the functions of money. It begins by describing difficulties with the barter system, including the lack of a common measure of value and difficulty storing value. It then defines money and explains its five main functions: 1) serving as a medium of exchange by facilitating transactions, 2) acting as a store of value that can be used now and in the future, 3) providing a standard measure of value by which goods and services can be compared, 4) allowing for deferred payments by serving as a standard for settling future debts, and 5) enabling the easy transfer of value from one person to another.
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This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of an economics textbook, including definitions of money, inflation, the money supply, monetary policy conducted by central banks like the Federal Reserve, the quantity theory of money, the relationship between inflation and interest rates described by the Fisher equation, and costs of inflation like shoe-leather costs and menu costs. It also discusses money demand functions, the distinction between real and nominal variables, and the concept of monetary neutrality in the long run.
Bba 2 be ii u 2.1 functions of money
The document summarizes the four main functions or jobs of money: medium of exchange, standard of value, store of value, and standard of deferred payment. It explains each function in more detail. As a medium of exchange, money facilitates transactions and acts as a universal means to purchase goods and services. As a standard of value, it provides a common unit to measure and compare the values of different products. As a store of value, money can be saved and used later, though it may lose value over long periods due to inflation. As a standard of deferred payment, it provides a unit that remains consistent for contracts involving future payments.
Money and near money ( money and banking)
The document discusses money and near money. It defines money as anything that is generally acceptable as a means of exchange, measure of value, and store of value. There are three types of money: metallic, paper, and credit money. Near money refers to assets that have high liquidity and can be converted to money, such as bills of exchange, bonds, debentures, and shares. Near money differs from money in that it is not directly used in transactions and must be converted first. The degree of liquidity, or ease of conversion to cash, determines how near an asset is to being money. A monetary economy uses money as a medium of exchange, whereas a barter economy exchanges goods directly without money.
Banking and its Growth in India
Role of Banks-Evolution of Banking-Structure of Banking Sector-Rationale of Banking Sector Reforms-Basle Committee Recommendations
chapter 5 - money and banking for BBA
This document discusses the history and functions of money and banking. It begins by defining money as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. It then outlines the evolution of money from barter systems to commodity money to metallic coins to paper money. The document also discusses the functions of money and classifications of money. Next, it covers the history of banking from goldsmith bankers issuing receipts for gold deposits to merchant bankers facilitating trade through letters of credit. It emphasizes how fractional reserve banking developed and the importance of financial intermediaries in mobilizing savings and allocating capital. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts regarding money, banking systems and their role in economic development.
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Econ315 Money and Banking: Learning Unit 02: What is Money?
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Concepts of Demand for Money and its functioning in the Money Market and relevant theories pertaining to Demand for Money
Discussion preparation as a personal financial
We have spent the time and put forth the effort to schedule an appointment with our top customer/client. He will be meeting with me Wednesday at 9:30 am. What will we talk about? Will I make this meeting beneficial? Will the discussion encourage future meetings? Success will depend on how well we prepare.
I need a 100 word reply to each of the following 8 forum post from.docx
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Finance Forum Reply #1
By using ratios, financial analysts are able to “
predict financial variables and to evaluate relative performance” when looking at financial statements (Giacomino and Mielke, 1993).
This provides the advantages of being able to evaluate the strength and profitability of a company, as well as being helpful in identifying and predicting possible bankruptcy and financial distress (Giacomino and Mielke, 1993).
A disadvantage of using financial ratio analysis is that to be effective, a company has to have another company to compare to.
Without comparison, all of the financial data analyzed for a particular business could be useless.
This is especially the case with small, niche-type businesses (Accounting Explained, 2013).
Another disadvantage of using financial ratio analysis is that it is analyzing historical information, while the users of the data are more interested in “current and future information” (Accounting Explained, 2013).
References
:
Giacomino, D. E., & Mielke, D. E. (1993). Cash flows: Another approach to ratio
analysis.
Journal of Accountancy, 175
(3), 55.
Accounting Explained (2011-2013).
Advantages and Limitations of Ratio Analysis.
Finance Forum Reply #2
Making a choice of a ratio is determined on the present need and purpose of the individual. Liquidity, leverage and investment return are what can be used to study the usage of ratios. Strong liquidity, cash and capital help with the financing that a company has for any given project.
In the article by James Horrigan, it provides a short history of financial ratio analysis. It tells of the five financial ratios that are used for the studies. The financial ratios are: working capital-to-current liabilities ratio (WC/CL) for short term liquidity; cash flow-to-current liabilities ratio (CFCL) for cash position; net worth-to-total liabilities ratio (NW/TL) for long-term solvency; return on total assets (EBIT/TA) for profit-generating ability; and revenue-to-total (REV/TA) for managerial performance (Halim, Jaafar& Osmon). Ratios are formed to be simple and are an advantage with analysis.
In the article by Paul Barnes he gives two principals for using ratios, 1. To control for the effect of size on the financial variables being examined. The use of ratios was necessarily based on a hypothesis about the relationship between the numerator variable and the denominator size variable. 2. To control for industry-wide factors. Ratios aid comparisions between subject firm and its industry. As financial ratios are constructed from two accounting variables, the joint distribution will depend on the behavior of both the numerator and the denominator and on the relationship between these two coordinates.
1. Horrigan, J. O. (1968). A Short History of Financial Ratio Analysis. Accounting Review, 43(2), 284-294..
2. Barnes, P. (1987).
Money
1) Money refers to anything that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services or debt repayment. The document defines related terms like wealth, income, stock, and flow.
2) The functions of money are discussed - as a medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value, and standard of deferred payment. The history and evolution of money is also outlined, from barter systems to modern digital payments.
3) The advantages and disadvantages of barter systems are compared. Characteristics of good forms of money are defined as portable, acceptable, durable, divisible, scarce, recognizable, and uniform. Works cited in MLA format are listed at the end.
money and its functions
The document defines money and describes its main functions. Money serves as a medium of exchange, a measure of value, and a standard of deferred payment. It can also act as a store of value, though inflation can weaken this function. There are two main classifications of money: commodity money, which derives its value from the commodity it is made from, and token money, which is representative of something with value but has no intrinsic value itself. Examples of each type are given.
Bba 2 be ii u 2.1 functions of money
Money serves four main functions: medium of exchange, standard of value, store of value, and standard of deferred payment. As a medium of exchange, money facilitates transactions by serving as a universally accepted way to purchase goods and services. It allows for exchange without bartering. Money also acts as a common unit of measurement that allows the relative values of goods to be expressed. However, its usefulness as a store of value and standard of deferred payment depends on its ability to maintain purchasing power over time, which it does not always do well, especially over the long run due to inflation. Without money, exchange would be difficult and require bartering goods and services directly.
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Money and Banking
- 2. Exchange of surplus between parties could be referred to as Barter System in simple.
- 3. Barter can be taken place in 3 forms, Goods to Goods Goods to services Services to Services Shortcomings of Barter system Double co-incidence of wants. Difficult to store. Invisible Portability problems
- 4. The solution taken by people to overcome the lapses they faced in Barter System is MONEY “Money is any item that is generally acceptable in exchange for goods and services.” Economists define it as something that serves as a medium of exchange, a unit of accounting, and a store of value.
- 5. General acceptability Durability Portability Divisibility Limited in supply Stability Homogeneous or identical
- 6. Cash/currency/legal tender Money in current account/bank money Near money Money substitutes E-cash Digi-cash E-wallet/electronic cash purse Quasi money Token money Black money
- 7. As a medium of exchange (Primary function) • This facilities trade. • It removes the problems of double coincidence of wants. • It facilitates modern production aspects like division of labour, specialization etc.
- 8. As a unit of account/ measures of value. (Primary Function) • Money acts as a measures of value and it can be used to compare the value of goods and services and factor rewards. • Facilitates efficient allocation of limited resources. • Facilitates accounting/calculations. • Helps to set prices for products.
- 9. As a store of value.(Secondary Function) • This means holding wealth in the form of money for future transaction and investment purposes. Thus money links present and future through this function. • Promotes saving • Investments increases • Production gets expended due to increase in investments. • An opportunity cost is involved here
- 10. As a standard for differed payment.(Secondary Function) Money enables people to borrow and lend agreed amounts. Easier and convenient way of measuring debt and repaying dept. This function links present and future Facilitates the growth of trade Stimulates the growth of money market.
- 11. This is the value indicated on the face of notes and coins. This is imputed by the government.
- 12. Read value/ purchasing power-This is the amount of goods and services that can be bought within the given amount of money or per unit of money. The real value highly depends on the general price level of goods and services.
- 13. Liquidity refers to the ease in which an assets can be converted into cash without delay at little or no cost. Liquidity describes the degree to which an asset or security can be quickly bought or sold in the market without affecting assets price.
- 14. Assets according to the range of liquidity • Cash • Demand deposits • Time and saving deposits • Money substitutes • Financial and physical assets. • Reasons why people keep wealth in the form of money rather than other forms • Money is perfect liquid • It is easy to store and portable • Uncertainty in the market value of no monetary assets.
- 15. • John Maynard Keynes distinguished three different reasons for people to hold money instead of alternative assets. • Transaction demand for money(MDT) • Precautionary demand for money(MDP) • Speculative demand for money(MDS)
- 16. Transaction demand for money (MDT) The amount of money that people want to keep to meet their regular or day to day transaction could be simply known as transaction demand for money.
- 17. • Income-positively • Time interval of the receipt of income- positively • General price levels in the economy- negatively • Financial innovations/substitutes-negatively
- 18. Precautionary demand for money(MDP) The amount of money people want to hold to meet their unforeseen or unplanned emergencies relating to time interval of receipts of income and payments E.g. Sickness accidents. • Factors determining MDP • Income-positively • Time interval of the income receipts- positively • General price levels in the economy-positively