This presentation discusses power transfer issues in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) systems. It outlines some of the major challenges including high installation costs, battery life degradation from frequent charging/discharging, needs for frequency regulation when vehicles connect and disconnect from the grid, effects of harmonics on power transfer, and losses that increase costs. Solutions proposed include using more advanced battery materials, installing filters to reduce harmonics, developing controls for frequency regulation, and improving converter efficiencies to reduce losses. The presentation concludes that while V2G/G2V is possible, further work is needed to address technical issues and make the concept practical for real-world implementation.

1. P R E S E N T E D B Y
M O H D J A V E D
B . T E C H ( 2 N D Y E A R ) ” E L E C T R I C A L ”
E N R O L M E N T : G K 9 1 7 5
B A T C H : 2 0 1 8 - 2 0 2 2
Z A K I R H U S S A I N C O L L E G E O F E N G I N E E R I N G
A N D T E C H N O L O G Y , A M U , A L I G A R H
POWER TRANSFER ISSUES
IN V2G AND G2V

2. Lets introduce with it first..
 System in which there is a capability to control bi-
directional flow of electrical energy.
 Flow of electrical energy in between vehicle and grid.

3.  Initial goal is to provide peak power that is owners
charging their car in low load with low price and
discharge the vehicle in peak load with high prices.
 The setup requires EVs, charging stations, and the
smart grid.
 In practical aspects, due to some major losses, it
requires some enhancement to make it efficient and
to put into in practice.

4. What problem we face during v2g transfer???
Expense for installations.
Battery life degradation.
Need of frequency regulation.
Effects of Harmonics.
Various losses during transfer.

5. IS INSTALLATION NEEDS HIGH COST???
• $6440 per chargerPrivate EVSE
• $64400 per chargerPublic EVSE
• $187.5 per meterSmart Meter
and GCI
• $100 per houseHEM
• $100 per ESVEsoftware
Total cost may rise to $13,555 per vehicles.

6. Battery life degradation is
really a big problem.
Why batteries??
Batteries are the only storage
devices that can be used in storing
generated electrical energy.
Requirement of storage is one of
the most crucial things in the field
of electrical energy.

7. Do you know some specific materials used in
v2g batteries??
Nickel metal-hydride (NiMH).
Lithium-metal polymer batteries.
LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC).
Li1.1Mn1.9O4 (LMO).

8. Still confused how battery capacity is
reduced with time???
Here is the graphical representation showing gradual decrease
in EV battery capacity over time for the different drive cycles
and recharging at the lowest charge level (1.3kW).

9. Have you ever think how harmonics interfere
with transfer v2g???
The most unwanted higher frequencies which distorts the
wave patterns.
Leads to various types of losses.
How to remove it??
They are not totally removed but reduced.
Some passive filters(combined inductors and capacitors)
are used to block them.

10. Is there any analysis for the harmonic
distortion???
YES, Here is the total harmonic distortion for voltage and the
distortion percentage for each harmonic component are
analyzed on 11kV bus.

11. Is frequency regulation necessary??
Frequency is affected by the balance between load and
generation, so the technology of PEV with two orientations
generating and loading would affect that balance.
Regulation must be under direct real-time control of the
grid operator.
Generating unit capable of receiving signals from the grid
operator computer.
Response in a less time by increasing or decreasing the
output of the generator.

12. Lets visualize the frequency response..
Here the frequency response for 20 seconds is
simulated. The disturbances are defined at second
5 and the frequency response at 33kV bus bar.

13. Rise of cost due to losses one
of the biggest problem..
Due to efficiency loss of 10% in
charger, cost of charging and
discharging is increased.
If inverter efficiency take into
account, then cost increases more.

14. Its time to conclude….
Nothing is impossible in this new
modern world, But several steps to be
taken to make everything easy and make
things practical in real life.
Energy transfer from vehicle to grid or grid to
vehicle is possible but we can not take every
possibility in our real life, also we have to make
efforts for that.
These efforts are generally discussed in this
ppt.