The document discusses mitosis and meiosis. It includes diagrams of the cell cycle and phases of mitosis and meiosis. It asks questions about the key differences between mitosis and meiosis such as their products and purpose. Questions assess understanding of concepts like crossing over, chromosome behavior in each phase, and how genetic variation arises in meiosis.

1. MITOSIS
1.
Q
P 1
P 2
S
R
The cell cycle
Name and state the purpose of each of these sub phases
P1 : ………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Q : ………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
P2 : ………………………..
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R : ………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
S : ………………………..
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2. 2. State the definition of Mitosis.
Process by which a nucleus divides to produce _____________ daughter cells,
MITOSIS each containing the __________ number of chromosomes as the parental cells.
3. Rearrange the jumbled words .
The importance of mitosis is :
a. W O T H G R _____________________
b. ELLC ECALPNETERM _____________________
c. G E T O I R E N E N A _____________________
d. X E S A A U L D U T C I N E R R O P _____________________
4. Label the diagram below.
i.
ii.
iii.
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3. 5. Underline the correct words in the bracket.
Cytokinesis in eukaryotes occurs ( just prior to , after ) mitosis; cell division in
prokaryotes occurs by a ( simpler, more complex ) process called, binary ( fission ,
fusion ). Between divisions, eukaryotic cells are in ( dormant-phase , interphase ) , an
active period during which chromosomal DNA is duplicated, the cell mass ( increases,
decreases) and new organelles are produced. Nuclear DNA is replicated only during S
phase. The process of mitosis occurs in the following order : prophase, ( anaphase ,
metaphase ) , ( anaphase , metaphase ) and telophase. The mitotic spindle is a
complex of ( microtubules , microfilaments ) that ( prevents , assists ) chromosome
movement. The spindle is attached to each chromosome at a site called the
( connector , centromere ). Following nuclear division, the cytosol of the cells is divided.
The soon-to-be daughter cells are separated by the cleavage ( plane , furrow ) in
animals cells and the cell ( plate , furrow ) in the plant cells.
6. How does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells ?
Cell division in plant and animal cells differs in two ways : (1) animal cells have
…………………………… , whereas plants cells ……………………. , and (2) animal cells
have ………………………………….. , whereas plant cells have ………………………..
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4. 8. Complete the flow chart below
Tissue Culture Technique
…………. of carrot
Transverse section of root
Cell ( …..n )
Fragments cultured in ……………..
Cell division ………………. to form …………
Callus cultured on ……….. medium and transferred to ………….
Adult plant
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5. 9. Explain briefly how Dolly the sheep was produced by cloning. Give your answer in the
form of a diagram which shows the successive steps with explanatory notes for each
step.
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6. 10. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CLONING
Advantage Disadvantage
Cloned plant are ……………………… is Clones are …………………… to new
size and shape diseases
Plants can be produced ………… the year Clones are easily destroyed if there is a
…………………. in the environment
Plant maintain the …………….. designed
characteristics of the mother plants
Tissue culture techniques are cost
……………………
Clones can be produced in ………………..
numbers in a short time
MEIOSIS
11.
MEIOSIS Process by which a nucleus divides to produce ____________
daughter cells, each containing ___________ the number of
chromosomes of the parental cell.
12. Fill in the blank using the words provided.
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7. Synapsis Sister Chromatids Metaphase II four
Haploid Haploid Homologous chromosomes
Two Diploid Prophase I Diploid
1. At __________ phase of meiosis are these two cells, each with sister chromatids
aligned at the spindle equator.
2. The meiotic process by which homologues are paired during prophase I is called
__________ .
3. Crossing occurs during ________ .
4. Meiosis consists of __________ nuclear divisions, producing ___________
haploid cells.
5. The function of meiosis I is to separate _________ . The function of meiosis II is
to separate _____________ .
6. Meiosis I produces two ____________ cells.
7. Meiosis II produces four ______________ cells.
13. By using two different colours show the result of crossing-over.
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8. 14. Complete the table below.
Name of Phase Description
1. Homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad
Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite
2.
sides
Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughter
3.
cells formed
4. Chromosomes line up along equator, not in homologous pairs
5. Crossing-over occurs
6. Chromatids separate
7. Homologs line up alone equator
8. Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed
15. Name the stages in the figures above .
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9. 16. If a diploid cell has two chromosomes ( 2n = 4 ) , Draw and describe the events that
occur in each stage in mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis Prophase Meiosis I Prophase Meiosis II Prophase
Chromosome
behaviour
Mitosis Metaphase Meiosis I Metaphase Meiosis II Metaphase
Chromosome o o
behaviour
Mitosis Anaphase Meiosis I Anaphase Meiosis II Anaphase
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10. Chromosome o o
behaviour
Mitosis Telophase Meiosis I Telophase Meiosis II
Telophase
Chromosome o o
behaviour
17. COMPARE AND CONTRAST
1. Complete the table below.
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11. Meiosis I Similarities Meiosis II
1. The chromosomes become …………………………. and …………………….
during prophase.
2. The chromosomes are arranged at the …………………………. plate.
MEIOSIS I Aspect compared MEIOSIS II
Homologous chromosomes pair Prophase Synapsis of homologous
up and …………………………... chromosomes and
between non-sister chromatids ………………………….between
occurs. non- sister chromatids does not
take place
……………………………………. Metaphase ………………………. align at
align at the metaphase plate of the metaphase plate ( equator)
the cell of the cell
Homologous chromosomes Anaphase Sister chromatids
…………………… and move to …………………………becoming
opposite poles. Sister daughter chromosomes that
chromatids are still attached move to opposite poles.
together and move as a unit.
……….. haploid daughter cells Telophase …………. haploid daughter are
are formed. formed.
Each daughter cell has only Set of chromosome Each daughter cell has the
…………. of each type of ……………. number of
chromosome : either the chromosome as the haploid cell
paternal or the maternal produced in meiosis I but each
chromosome. cell has only one of the sister
chromatids.
18. Complete the table below.
Mitosis Similarities Meiosis
1. A nuclear division process
2. Nuclear division occur
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12. MITOSIS Aspect compared MEIOSIS
Place occur
Role
Number of
sitokinesis
Synapsis of
homologous
chromosomes
Number of
daughter cells
Set of
chromosomes
Genetic
composition of
daughter cells
Variation
EXERCISES
1. Figure 1.1 shows phases M and N during meiosis I.
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13. M phase : N phase :
Description : Description :
a. In the space provided,
i. State the both stages in M and N
ii. Describe the behaviour of both chromosomes in above stages.
b. Figure 1.2 shows the chromosome behaviour during Prophase I in meiosis.
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14. UV ray
i. State the M process
……………………………..
ii. State the part of chromatid where the M process occurs.
……………………………...
c. Based on figure 1.2, draw the chromosome behaviour during Prophase II.
Statement : Case :
Meiosis is a process to In a family, there are
produce gametes that variability occurs in
take place in sex organ . offspring. 14

15. d. Based on the above statement, explain how the situation happens.
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e. Figure 1.3 shows the formation of cancer cell in epithelium .
UV ray
Epithelium cell Cancer cells
Based on figure 1.3 , explain how the cancer happens.
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2. Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes for sexual reproduction. Offspring
produced by sexual reproduction differ genetically from one another and from the
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16. parents. Draw a diagram and explain briefly how meiosis makes genetic variation
possible.
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3. Figure shows the differences that occur in a family member.
Based on figure 8, identify the differences among the family members. Discuss how
the differences are inherited.
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17. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
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4. Diagram 2.1 shows phase X and phase Y in the cell cycle of an organism.
Phase X consists of three sub-phase, P, Q and R. Phase Y involves two
processes, U and Y.
Diagram 2.1
(a) (i) Name process U.
……………………………………………
(ii) State two roles of process U in an organism.
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18. ……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Diagram 2.2 shows the various stages in process U.
Diagram 2.2
(i) Based on Diagram 2.2 complete the correct sequence of stages in
process U.
Stage → Stage → Stage → Stage
IV ………… ……… ………
(ii) Name the stages in process U.
Stage Name of stage
I
II
III
IV
(c) (i) Name phase X in Diagram 2.1.
…………………………………
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19. (ii) Describe what happens in the cell during phase X.
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(d) A technique which involves the cell cycle shown in Diagram 2.1 could
used in cattle farming. A researcher to use the technique to increase the
number of beef cattle. Describe the technique.
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