The document provides guidance on writing literature reviews, including how to avoid plagiarism through proper paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting of source material. It discusses the importance of following ethical standards by not fabricating or falsifying data. It also presents different ways to organize a literature review, such as using a chronological, thematic, or publication-based structure. The writing and editing process for literature reviews is outlined as well, including creating a rough draft, final draft, and performing multiple rounds of editing.

1. Practical Research 1
Quarter 3: Week 7-8-Module
4
Writing Related Literature
Lesson 1:
Following Ethical Standard in
Writing Literature

2. Ethics
•This is a set of
standardized rules and
regulation that serves as a
guide in conducting a
research and writing of
literature review.

4. Ethics
• You are fabricating data or results and recording
written in your literature. Then, you are doing
“Fabrication”.
• You are editing research equipment, materials, or
changing ideas or removing a result with
inaccuracy. Then, you are “Falsifying
Documents”.
• You are claiming someone else idea, concepts,
processes, results, phrases or words. Then, you
are doing “Plagiarism”.

8. How can we avoid plagiarism?
• Paraphrasing - stating someone else’s ideas,
theories, or processes in your own words. -
Ensure to capture the main idea behind the
literature. Don’t forget to cite sources.
• Summarizing - providing the gist of the
literature.- Consider the WH’s questions in
capturing the key concepts. Don’t forget to cite
sources.
• Direct Quotations - adopting necessary text.-
Use ellipsis points (…) to shorten a quote. Use it
for impact in your literature. Don’t forget to cite

10. Paraphrasing
•Paraphrasing is taking the idea of a
sentence or passage, and putting it
into your own words.
• Paraphrasing is NOT copying the
sentence and replacing or changing a
few words to be different from the
original. (This is called “patch writing”
and may trigger plagiarism-detecting

12. Active Voice Passive Voice
Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry.
Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah.
The savannah is roamed by beautiful
giraffes.
Sue changed the flat tire. The flat tire was changed by Sue.
We are going to watch a movie tonight.
A movie is going to be watched by us
tonight.
I ran the obstacle course in record time.
The obstacle course was run by me in record
time.
The crew paved the entire stretch of
highway.
The entire stretch of highway was paved by
the crew.

13. Recent research shows that people who are
not naturally early risers often have persistent
issues adjusting themselves to the morning-
oriented schedule of most schools and workplaces,
and because of this may be less proactive in their
behaviors (Randler, 2009).
The natural alignment of sleep schedules to work
and school schedules allows early risers to have more
energy and display proactive traits, while people who
are natural late risers, and thus often combating sleep
delay in adhering to regular schedules, display fewer of
these traits (Randler, 2009).

14. Original passage:
1. “Death rates for males are
substantially higher than for females
for every age group of children and
youth, but the largest difference
occurs among teens, ages 15 to 19”
(Goutas, et al., 2011, p. 11).

15. A recent study found that death rates
for male children and teens are higher
than those for females in all age groups,
but the most significant difference between
death rates for male and female children
occurs between the ages of 15 and 19
(Goutas, et al., 2011).

16. 2. "In the more than a century and a half of their
existence, Washington Irving's two most famous stories, 'Rip
Van Winkle' and 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,' have taken
on a life of their own. They have been read, listened to, and,
from the time of Joseph Jefferson's first staging of "Rip" to our
own age of mass media, watched in various of productions,
by generations of adults and children alike. Yet relatively few
people are aware that they were once—and, for that matter,
still technically are—part of of an apparently miscellaneous,
but actually quite coherent unified, collection of sketches,
essays, and stories called The Sketch Book of Geoffrey
Crayon" (Rubin-Dorsky 393).

17. Washington Irving's famous stories "Rip
Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy
Hollow" are so popular that they have been
enjoyed in story form and in films by
generations. However, despite the popularity
of these stories, most people do not realize
that they were originally published in and
remain a part of a larger collection of works
entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey
Crayon (Rubin-Dorsky 393).

18. "So dynamic is the Web that new
technologies and techniques are emerging all
the time. What's commonplace one year
becomes old hat the next. The only thing that
seems to remain constant is people's desire to
transmit and receive information efficiently and
to communicate with others, no matter what
the means. That's what drives people to shop,
invest, and converse online, and it is the same
force that is propelling them to learn online as
well" (Ko & Rossen, 2008, p. 5).

19. Change for the World Wide Web is ongoing,
with innovation constantly changing and shaping
the experiences people have online. The one
stability among all this change is that people want
to be able to send and receive information
conveniently and efficiently, and people want to
be able to communicate with each other. These
forces, which drive people to the internet for
shopping, investing, and communicating, also
drive people toward online learning (Ko &
Rossen, 2008).

20. Summarizing
•As with paraphrasing,
summarize when the idea or
point is more important than the
actual words used.
•Summary can often lead into
your own points on the material.

21. Quoting
•Use Quotation when you are
repeating something from a
source exactly word for word.
•You should use quotation marks
even if you are only taking just
a few words from a source.

22. Examples:
Randler (2009) states that late risers have “a
high misalignment of social and biological time”
which results in a mismatch between their natural
schedules and the normal workday (p. 2793).
or
“People with a high misalignment of social and
biological time may be less able to act in a
proactive manner, probably because of sleep
delay” (Randler, 2009, p.2793).

23. Practical Research 1
Quarter 3: Week 7-8-Module
4
Writing Related Literature
Lesson 2:
Presenting Written Review of Literature

24. There are ways to present and organize a
literature review:
Chronology of
Events
•You can present your materials according to
when they are published.
•When a research follows clear path of
research building then this is a possible
presentation.

25. There are ways to present and organize a
literature review:
By Publication
•You can present your materials by
publication to demonstrate a vital trend.
•This is a great presentation when
showing a progress of a significant
concept, event, idea, or phenomena.

26. There are ways to present and organize a
literature review:
Thematic
•You can present your materials around the
topic or issue rather than progression of time.
• A review presented in this manner would shift
between time periods within each section
according to point made.

27. There are ways to present and organize a
literature review:
Methodological
•You can present based on methodological
approach used by the researcher.
•This may influence either the type of
materials in the review or the way
documents are presented.

28. Which is the type of presenting
the materials around the topic or
issue rather than progression of
time?
A. Chronology of Events
B. Thematic
C. By Publication

29. What do you call the type of
presenting the materials
according to when they are
published?
A. Chronology of Events
B. Thematic
C. By Publication

30. Which is type of presenting the
materials demonstrating a vital
trend?
A. Chronology of Events
B. Thematic
C. By Publication
D. Methodological

31. Which of the following are the
sections of literature review?
A. Introduction, Body and
Conclusion
B. Problem, Methods and
Rationale
C. Recommendations, Data,

32. Presenting and the Writing Process
1. Rough Draft-this involves a strategy on how you are going to
present and write your literature review.
2. Final Draft-this refers to a piece of writing that is handed as a
final form of literature review. Consisting a final work for the
introduction, body and
conclusion.
3. Edit-this involves the process of proofreading. You may also ask
for feedback on your draft allowing you to create a better paper and
become a stronger researcher and writer.
4. Edit Again-this involves editing and revising of paper free from
grammatical errors, relevancy, language, and other technical
aspects.

33. What do you call the process that
involves writing of literature review’s
introduction, body and conclusion?
A. Rough Draft
B. Final Draft
C. Final Output
D. None of these

34. Which of the following is the process
that involves proofreading and asking
for
feedback on your draft?
A. Rough Draft
B. Final Draft
C. Final Output
D. Editing

35. What is the process that involves
editing and revising of paper free
from grammatical errors, relevancy,
language, and other technical
aspects?
A. Rough Draft
B. Final Draft
C. Editing Again
D. Editing