Practical Research 1 Lesson 3

1. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
QUARTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS
AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
Lesson 3: Synthesizing Information from Relevant Literature
Mariza R. Mapalo
Subject Teacher

2. Checking of Assignment: SPOT IT!
- Directions: Study the following quotations below, identify what style of
citation used. Write APA, MLA or Chicago Manual System (CMS)
1. Significant group of healthy young-old people
(World Health Organization 2012) will face at
least 20 more years of active life.
2.Venkataraman and Sarasvathy suggest
entrepreneurship and strategy are conceptually
inseparable; “two sides of the same coin”,
highlighting the complementary or independent
nature of the two concepts (651).
CMS
MLA

3. Checking of Assignment: SPOT IT!
- Directions: Study the following quotations below, identify what style of citation used. Write APA, MLA or Chicago Manual
System (CMS)
1. The importance of becoming entrepreneurs depends
upon the willingness and motivation of older people to
become entrepreneurs and the existence of efficient
policy measures to increase this willingness if it is
perceived to be too low (Backman and Karlsson, 2013).
2.Another barrier is ageist attitudes where society
upholds the perception regarding “older entrepreneurs
in a negative light” (Wainwright et al. 8).
3.Great things happen to those who stop believing, trying,
learning, and being grateful (Bennett, T, n.d)
APA
MLA
APA

4. Activity 3.1 Amazing Maze
Directions: Provided below is a maze, you are task to connect the words to form sentences. Find your
way from the beginning of the maze to the end. Write the sentences in a separate sheet of paper.

6. The composition or
combination of parts or
elements to form a whole.
combination
union
blend
fusion

7. How to make synthesis of literature
review?
• You must integrate materials from
several sources that relate to your
research problem.
• In simple term, you are just like
putting puzzles pieces

8. How to synthesize effectively?
• An effective synthesis includes strong, clear and
precise statements.
• It must discuss sources in relation to your
research problem.
• When you are using more than one sources make
sure to relate or compare with each other.
• Use more sources, the more sources you must
support your claim make your research paper
more credible.

9. Types of Synthesis
1) Similarity → demonstrate how two or more
sources agree with one another.
2) Contrast → show how two or more sources
support a main point in different ways.
3) Accumulation → refers on how one source
builds on the idea of another.
4) Causation → demonstrate how one source
discusses the effects of another source’s ideas.

10. Guide matrix for your synthesis.
Research Problem: Bully vs. Bullied
Main Idea Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
Who are Bullies? bullies usually pick on
kids who are alone.
DeHaan, L. (2009).
Bullies.
Students who are victi
ms
of bullying are typicall
y anxious, insecure,
cautious, and suffer
Vanderbilt, D., &
Augustyn, M. (2010).
The effects of
bullying. Paediatrics
and child health, 20(7),
315-320.
Children who are
bullies also are more
likely to engage in
criminal activities
Smokowski, P. R., &
Kopasz, K. H. (2005).
Bullying in school: An
overview of types,
effects, family
characteristics, and
intervention
strategies. Children &
Schools, 27(2), 101-110.

11. According to DeHaan (2009) bullies usually pick on
children who are alone. Children who are introverted, anxious, or
submissive are more likely to be bullied than kids who are extroverted
and assertive.
In fact, some researchers believe that kids who lack self-
esteem may attract kids who are prone to bully. In addition, based on
the study of Vanderbilt (2010) students who are victims
of bullying are typically anxious, insecure, cautious, and suffer low
sleep deprivation.
Furthermore, children who are bullies also are more likely to
engage in criminal activities (Smokowski & Kopasz, (2005).

12. Activity 3.1
Directions: Look for literature review material and make your own
literature review synthesis matrix. You can also adapt the given
example above. Use your synthesis matrix to organize and synthesize
literature related to your research problem.
Main Idea Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
Research Topic:
Online Games and Sleep Deprivation of Learners