Technical article describing importance of carriers in the application of MBBR/IFAS technologies and advantages of modified PU carriers and its application in wastewater treatment
Mutag BioChip - outstanding benefits in moving bed COD/BOD removal, nitrifica...MUTAG
The document summarizes the major benefits of Mutag BioChipTM, a carrier media for biofilms in MBBR wastewater treatment systems. It has several key advantages over conventional carrier media:
1) It provides a protected surface area of 3,000 m2/m3, much higher than competitors, allowing for greater removal performance from biofilms.
2) Its pore structure prevents clogging from thick biofilms, ensuring thin and actively degrading biofilms through self-cleaning.
3) This resistance to clogging provides highly consistent removal rates and process stability over time.
4) Its performance allows using less carrier volume, reducing the size and cost of treatment tanks.
Presentation about Mutag BioChip: 3,000 m2/m3 high-performance biofilm carrie...MUTAG
Presentation of the innovative Mutag BioChip(TM) high-performance biofilm carrier which provides superior bio-degradation rates in biological wastewater treatment thanks to its extremely large surface area of more than 3,000 m2/m3. This particular biofilm carrier designed for most efficient biological treatment of industrial wastewater, municipal sewage and water in aquaculture systems can be used for advanced COD/BOD removal, nitrification and denitrification at highest capacity.
Application of Levapor Carriers for nitrification-denitrification in Recycled...Amit Christian
The presentation describes a case study of pilot testing conducted at a leading polish Aqua culture industry to compare the efficacy of Levapor Carriers in Aqua culture Recycle Systems
Levapor MBBR/IFAS Process for Wastewater Treatment Amit Christian
The LEVAPOR MBBR/IFAS process uses proprietary porous carriers made of polyurethane foam impregnated with activated carbon and pigments. This carrier material has high surface area and porosity for optimal microbial growth. The process can be used to improve various wastewater treatment applications like BOD/COD removal, nitrification, and nutrient removal. It works by combining fixed film and suspended growth technologies by adding carriers to conventional activated sludge tanks, allowing biomass to grow on the carriers. This hybrid configuration provides advantages like higher biomass retention, smaller footprint, lower sludge production, and improved settling compared to suspended-only systems.
MOBIWAT-TECH is a leading provider of biofilm-based biological wastewater treatment processes. Their Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) technologies increase the capacity and efficiency of wastewater treatment plants. MOBIWAT-TECH offers engineering services, biocarriers, and packaged treatment plants to serve municipal and industrial clients worldwide.
LEVAPOR IFAS/MBBR process for Biological Nutrient Removal(BNR) and Industrial...Amit Christian
IFAS process based on Levapor carriers which allows simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Existing Activated Sludge can be upgraded to BNR without addition of additional basins and also clarifier.
Mutag BioChip - outstanding benefits in moving bed COD/BOD removal, nitrifica...MUTAG
The document summarizes the major benefits of Mutag BioChipTM, a carrier media for biofilms in MBBR wastewater treatment systems. It has several key advantages over conventional carrier media:
1) It provides a protected surface area of 3,000 m2/m3, much higher than competitors, allowing for greater removal performance from biofilms.
2) Its pore structure prevents clogging from thick biofilms, ensuring thin and actively degrading biofilms through self-cleaning.
3) This resistance to clogging provides highly consistent removal rates and process stability over time.
4) Its performance allows using less carrier volume, reducing the size and cost of treatment tanks.
Presentation about Mutag BioChip: 3,000 m2/m3 high-performance biofilm carrie...MUTAG
Presentation of the innovative Mutag BioChip(TM) high-performance biofilm carrier which provides superior bio-degradation rates in biological wastewater treatment thanks to its extremely large surface area of more than 3,000 m2/m3. This particular biofilm carrier designed for most efficient biological treatment of industrial wastewater, municipal sewage and water in aquaculture systems can be used for advanced COD/BOD removal, nitrification and denitrification at highest capacity.
Application of Levapor Carriers for nitrification-denitrification in Recycled...Amit Christian
The presentation describes a case study of pilot testing conducted at a leading polish Aqua culture industry to compare the efficacy of Levapor Carriers in Aqua culture Recycle Systems
Levapor MBBR/IFAS Process for Wastewater Treatment Amit Christian
The LEVAPOR MBBR/IFAS process uses proprietary porous carriers made of polyurethane foam impregnated with activated carbon and pigments. This carrier material has high surface area and porosity for optimal microbial growth. The process can be used to improve various wastewater treatment applications like BOD/COD removal, nitrification, and nutrient removal. It works by combining fixed film and suspended growth technologies by adding carriers to conventional activated sludge tanks, allowing biomass to grow on the carriers. This hybrid configuration provides advantages like higher biomass retention, smaller footprint, lower sludge production, and improved settling compared to suspended-only systems.
MOBIWAT-TECH is a leading provider of biofilm-based biological wastewater treatment processes. Their Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) technologies increase the capacity and efficiency of wastewater treatment plants. MOBIWAT-TECH offers engineering services, biocarriers, and packaged treatment plants to serve municipal and industrial clients worldwide.
LEVAPOR IFAS/MBBR process for Biological Nutrient Removal(BNR) and Industrial...Amit Christian
IFAS process based on Levapor carriers which allows simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Existing Activated Sludge can be upgraded to BNR without addition of additional basins and also clarifier.
Application of Levapor Carriers for the treatment of Contract Agro Chemicals manufacturer producing a wide Range of Pesticides and Herbicides. The effluent contained very high amount of active pesticides and herbicides with high salinity and TKN. A combination of Advanced Oxidation Process -- Anaerobic Treatment --- Levapor carriers based MBBR/IFAS Reactor provided stable nitrification of toxic effluent generating from Agro Chemicals Industry
Nitrification of Complex Effluent containing Toxic Substances generating from Agro Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Organic Chemicals , Petro Refinery industries. MBBR/IFAS System based on Levapor Carriers provided stable nitrification over a wide range of toxicity, salinity and complex COD structure
Levapor Bio Film Technologies and Bio Consulting GmbHAmit Christian
This document provides information about Levapor Biofilm Technologies and Bio Consulting GmbH. It summarizes that they are a specialized company that provides innovative solutions for wastewater and air treatment using over 40 years of experience. They offer problem analysis, design, manufacturing of tailored biocarriers, and process start-up. Their specializations include anaerobic treatment, nitrification/denitrification, biological air treatment, and biofilm reactors. Case studies demonstrate successful projects with clients from industries like pulp/paper and municipalities.
This document provides an introduction and process description of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). It describes the MBBR process which uses small plastic biofilm carriers that are circulated in an aerated tank to support biofilm growth. The biofilm grows on the inside surface of the carriers. Various design considerations are outlined, including carrier specifications, aeration requirements, and tank geometry. Advantages of MBBR systems are highlighted such as high removal efficiency even at low temperatures, reduced sludge production, and the ability to operate at varying loads.
This document discusses integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) systems for biological wastewater treatment. IFAS systems combine suspended and attached growth in aeration tanks by adding media. Three studies showed IFAS improved nutrient removal at full-scale plants. A lab study found IFAS effective for industrial wastewater. An IFAS-MBR system had better removal and less fouling than MBR alone. Pilot and full-scale IFAS successfully achieved nitritation-anammox for nitrogen removal. Overall, IFAS is cost-effective for retrofitting plants to increase capacity or improve effluent quality.
Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent , Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment Amit Christian
1. Effluents from pulp mills using chlorine for bleaching contain toxic chloroorganic pollutants that are only 35-45% degradable under aerobic conditions.
2. Preliminary tests using microorganisms immobilized on LEVAPOR carriers under anaerobic conditions showed increased degradation. A full-scale plant was designed using microaerobic pretreatment, anaerobic, and aerobic post-treatment steps based on pilot tests.
3. The full-scale wastewater treatment plant at a pulp mill in Germany treats 20,000 cubic meters of water per day with 80-85% COD removal and produces 11,000-15,000 cubic meters of biogas per
Ningan wwtp using levapor biofilm technologyAmit Christian
Application of Levapor Carriers for municipal wastewater treatment at NINGAN, China Wastewater treatment plant. Despite very hard winter, nitrification was established within three weeks times which remained stable over a wide range of load fluctuations.
The document contains proprietary information about Levapor's StepFeed-IFAS wastewater treatment process. It describes how the process combines step feed activated sludge with integrated fixed film activated sludge using Levapor's porous carriers to achieve higher nutrient removal with a smaller footprint. The carriers' properties allow for stable biological treatment, faster start-up, and better ability to handle toxic loads compared to other carrier materials.
Meteor MBBR - Complete treatment of wastewater with a very compact footprintDegrémont
The document summarizes the MeteorTM-MBBR wastewater treatment system. It uses moving bed biofilm reactors to biologically treat wastewater with a compact footprint. Microorganisms grow as biofilm on media in the reactors. There are at least two treatment zones to remove carbon and nitrogen. Effluent is then sent to high-speed flotation or filtration for separation. The system offers flexible and efficient treatment to meet various standards with modular components and media tailored for each application. It has been used successfully in several municipal wastewater treatment projects worldwide.
The technique has been proven as one of the best sewage treatment plants and Is highly in demand all over the world. On and all, MBBR sewage treatment plant offers a variety of benefits and advantages. http://goo.gl/cY7cFs
Modular Wastewater Treatment Systems - Hybrid Aeration/Moving Bed Bioreactor ...Nick Nicholas
Advanced Modular Waste water Treatment Systems by Genesis Water Technologies utilizing moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) and advanced aeration technology for domestic and commercial wastewater treatment applications.
Thermax offers integrated water management solutions including sewage treatment. Their fluidized aerobic biofilm (FAB) reactor uses floating media to support biomass growth, treating sewage in an attached film with advantages over conventional activated sludge processes. The modular FAB system can achieve over 90% reductions in both BOD and COD using two reactors in series with countercurrent air-wastewater flow.
The document discusses sewage treatment processes. It describes compact sewage treatment plants that occupy minimum space and have low operation and maintenance costs. These plants require less manpower and do not cause odor nuisance. They also allow for future expansion and minimal sludge handling. The document then discusses various sewage treatment technologies and their advantages, including fluidized bed reactors which have very low area requirements compared to other processes and allow for efficient treatment.
This document discusses a study on waste water treatment using a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). The study had several objectives: to monitor the BOD/COD removal efficiency, nitrogen removal efficiency, phosphorus removal efficiency, and effluent pH value when changing the dissolved oxygen concentration and initial BOD concentration in the MBBR system. The methodology section describes how synthetic waste water was prepared and the materials used. Several reactors were set up to test different air flow rates and initial COD concentrations. Readings on COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, pH and temperature were taken from the reactors and several obstacles in the experiment and remedies taken are described.
This presentation discusses the use of Moving Bed technology for wastewater treatment in small communities and compares it to other conventional biological processes. It analyzes two case studies of communities with 1,500 inhabitants and wastewater flow of 300 m3/day, comparing investment and operating costs of Moving Bed Bioreactor systems with and without primary treatment. The presentation concludes that Moving Bed technology can be an advantageous alternative to other wastewater treatment solutions for small communities due to its ease of operation, competitive costs, flexibility and reduced space requirements.
The document provides an overview of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) for wastewater treatment. It discusses the history and introduction of MBBR technology, key designing parameters such as media size and surface area, and operating parameters like retention times and loading rates. An example design for a 600 cubic meter per day MBBR wastewater treatment plant is presented, outlining the treatment process flow including aeration, settling, and disinfection. Finally, the document reviews a paper comparing the treatment performance of MBBR versus conventional activated sludge systems.
This document provides design guidelines for a Small Flow Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (SMART-Treat) system for treating domestic and commercial wastewater. It details specifications for influent flows and loads, anticipated effluent quality, and presents a case study of a SMART-Treat system successfully treating high-strength wastewater from a golf club restaurant. Key aspects covered include sizing the system based on population equivalents, defining domestic septic tank effluent characteristics, and achieving Class I treated effluent quality with average BOD and TSS less than 30 mg/L. Commercial and higher strength wastes are addressed by equivalizing to population load.
Sappi case history : Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Sulfite Pulp and Paper ...Amit Christian
Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Sulfite Pulp and Paper mill effluent using high Performance Levapor Carriers for the immobilization of micro-organism. A significant AOX reduction was observed and discharge limits for AOX emission were met successfully providing 80-85% COD reduction with useful bio gas generation for fuel.
Technical calculations for the biological treatment plantAlex Tagbo
This document discusses the design and operation of a decentralized wastewater treatment plant in Chennai, India that uses biological treatment processes. The plant serves 55,000 people and uses principles of carbon elimination, nitrification, and denitrification. It follows guidelines from ATV 131, the German technical standard for wastewater treatment plant design. The document outlines the treatment process, design considerations, and compares German and Indian wastewater treatment standards. It also analyzes how treatment plant size and volume requirements vary with influent temperature and population size.
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
2 application of moving bed biofilm reactor (mbbr) and integrated fixed activ...Alvaro Huete
This document discusses the application of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) technologies for biological river water purification. MBBR uses biological carriers with a density close to water that are kept in suspension to provide surfaces for bacteria to grow into biofilms. IFAS systems integrate fixed film media and activated sludge in the same reactor. The document reviews several past studies that evaluated the performance of MBBR and IFAS systems in removing various pollutants like organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus from wastewater. The studies demonstrated these technologies can achieve high removal efficiencies of over 75% for various pollutants under different conditions.
This document discusses biofiltration as an innovative technology for treating contaminants in gas streams, such as air. It provides details on the types of biofilter support media, including naturally bioactive media like compost and soil, as well as synthetic media used in biotrickling filters. The mechanisms involved in biofiltration and the advantages of biotrickling filters over traditional compost biofilters are also summarized. Biotrickling filters can achieve higher degradation rates, treat higher contaminant concentrations, and offer better pH and nutrient control compared to compost biofilters.
Application of Levapor Carriers for the treatment of Contract Agro Chemicals manufacturer producing a wide Range of Pesticides and Herbicides. The effluent contained very high amount of active pesticides and herbicides with high salinity and TKN. A combination of Advanced Oxidation Process -- Anaerobic Treatment --- Levapor carriers based MBBR/IFAS Reactor provided stable nitrification of toxic effluent generating from Agro Chemicals Industry
Nitrification of Complex Effluent containing Toxic Substances generating from Agro Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Organic Chemicals , Petro Refinery industries. MBBR/IFAS System based on Levapor Carriers provided stable nitrification over a wide range of toxicity, salinity and complex COD structure
Levapor Bio Film Technologies and Bio Consulting GmbHAmit Christian
This document provides information about Levapor Biofilm Technologies and Bio Consulting GmbH. It summarizes that they are a specialized company that provides innovative solutions for wastewater and air treatment using over 40 years of experience. They offer problem analysis, design, manufacturing of tailored biocarriers, and process start-up. Their specializations include anaerobic treatment, nitrification/denitrification, biological air treatment, and biofilm reactors. Case studies demonstrate successful projects with clients from industries like pulp/paper and municipalities.
This document provides an introduction and process description of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). It describes the MBBR process which uses small plastic biofilm carriers that are circulated in an aerated tank to support biofilm growth. The biofilm grows on the inside surface of the carriers. Various design considerations are outlined, including carrier specifications, aeration requirements, and tank geometry. Advantages of MBBR systems are highlighted such as high removal efficiency even at low temperatures, reduced sludge production, and the ability to operate at varying loads.
This document discusses integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) systems for biological wastewater treatment. IFAS systems combine suspended and attached growth in aeration tanks by adding media. Three studies showed IFAS improved nutrient removal at full-scale plants. A lab study found IFAS effective for industrial wastewater. An IFAS-MBR system had better removal and less fouling than MBR alone. Pilot and full-scale IFAS successfully achieved nitritation-anammox for nitrogen removal. Overall, IFAS is cost-effective for retrofitting plants to increase capacity or improve effluent quality.
Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent , Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment Amit Christian
1. Effluents from pulp mills using chlorine for bleaching contain toxic chloroorganic pollutants that are only 35-45% degradable under aerobic conditions.
2. Preliminary tests using microorganisms immobilized on LEVAPOR carriers under anaerobic conditions showed increased degradation. A full-scale plant was designed using microaerobic pretreatment, anaerobic, and aerobic post-treatment steps based on pilot tests.
3. The full-scale wastewater treatment plant at a pulp mill in Germany treats 20,000 cubic meters of water per day with 80-85% COD removal and produces 11,000-15,000 cubic meters of biogas per
Ningan wwtp using levapor biofilm technologyAmit Christian
Application of Levapor Carriers for municipal wastewater treatment at NINGAN, China Wastewater treatment plant. Despite very hard winter, nitrification was established within three weeks times which remained stable over a wide range of load fluctuations.
The document contains proprietary information about Levapor's StepFeed-IFAS wastewater treatment process. It describes how the process combines step feed activated sludge with integrated fixed film activated sludge using Levapor's porous carriers to achieve higher nutrient removal with a smaller footprint. The carriers' properties allow for stable biological treatment, faster start-up, and better ability to handle toxic loads compared to other carrier materials.
Meteor MBBR - Complete treatment of wastewater with a very compact footprintDegrémont
The document summarizes the MeteorTM-MBBR wastewater treatment system. It uses moving bed biofilm reactors to biologically treat wastewater with a compact footprint. Microorganisms grow as biofilm on media in the reactors. There are at least two treatment zones to remove carbon and nitrogen. Effluent is then sent to high-speed flotation or filtration for separation. The system offers flexible and efficient treatment to meet various standards with modular components and media tailored for each application. It has been used successfully in several municipal wastewater treatment projects worldwide.
The technique has been proven as one of the best sewage treatment plants and Is highly in demand all over the world. On and all, MBBR sewage treatment plant offers a variety of benefits and advantages. http://goo.gl/cY7cFs
Modular Wastewater Treatment Systems - Hybrid Aeration/Moving Bed Bioreactor ...Nick Nicholas
Advanced Modular Waste water Treatment Systems by Genesis Water Technologies utilizing moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) and advanced aeration technology for domestic and commercial wastewater treatment applications.
Thermax offers integrated water management solutions including sewage treatment. Their fluidized aerobic biofilm (FAB) reactor uses floating media to support biomass growth, treating sewage in an attached film with advantages over conventional activated sludge processes. The modular FAB system can achieve over 90% reductions in both BOD and COD using two reactors in series with countercurrent air-wastewater flow.
The document discusses sewage treatment processes. It describes compact sewage treatment plants that occupy minimum space and have low operation and maintenance costs. These plants require less manpower and do not cause odor nuisance. They also allow for future expansion and minimal sludge handling. The document then discusses various sewage treatment technologies and their advantages, including fluidized bed reactors which have very low area requirements compared to other processes and allow for efficient treatment.
This document discusses a study on waste water treatment using a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). The study had several objectives: to monitor the BOD/COD removal efficiency, nitrogen removal efficiency, phosphorus removal efficiency, and effluent pH value when changing the dissolved oxygen concentration and initial BOD concentration in the MBBR system. The methodology section describes how synthetic waste water was prepared and the materials used. Several reactors were set up to test different air flow rates and initial COD concentrations. Readings on COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, pH and temperature were taken from the reactors and several obstacles in the experiment and remedies taken are described.
This presentation discusses the use of Moving Bed technology for wastewater treatment in small communities and compares it to other conventional biological processes. It analyzes two case studies of communities with 1,500 inhabitants and wastewater flow of 300 m3/day, comparing investment and operating costs of Moving Bed Bioreactor systems with and without primary treatment. The presentation concludes that Moving Bed technology can be an advantageous alternative to other wastewater treatment solutions for small communities due to its ease of operation, competitive costs, flexibility and reduced space requirements.
The document provides an overview of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) for wastewater treatment. It discusses the history and introduction of MBBR technology, key designing parameters such as media size and surface area, and operating parameters like retention times and loading rates. An example design for a 600 cubic meter per day MBBR wastewater treatment plant is presented, outlining the treatment process flow including aeration, settling, and disinfection. Finally, the document reviews a paper comparing the treatment performance of MBBR versus conventional activated sludge systems.
This document provides design guidelines for a Small Flow Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (SMART-Treat) system for treating domestic and commercial wastewater. It details specifications for influent flows and loads, anticipated effluent quality, and presents a case study of a SMART-Treat system successfully treating high-strength wastewater from a golf club restaurant. Key aspects covered include sizing the system based on population equivalents, defining domestic septic tank effluent characteristics, and achieving Class I treated effluent quality with average BOD and TSS less than 30 mg/L. Commercial and higher strength wastes are addressed by equivalizing to population load.
Sappi case history : Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Sulfite Pulp and Paper ...Amit Christian
Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Sulfite Pulp and Paper mill effluent using high Performance Levapor Carriers for the immobilization of micro-organism. A significant AOX reduction was observed and discharge limits for AOX emission were met successfully providing 80-85% COD reduction with useful bio gas generation for fuel.
Technical calculations for the biological treatment plantAlex Tagbo
This document discusses the design and operation of a decentralized wastewater treatment plant in Chennai, India that uses biological treatment processes. The plant serves 55,000 people and uses principles of carbon elimination, nitrification, and denitrification. It follows guidelines from ATV 131, the German technical standard for wastewater treatment plant design. The document outlines the treatment process, design considerations, and compares German and Indian wastewater treatment standards. It also analyzes how treatment plant size and volume requirements vary with influent temperature and population size.
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
2 application of moving bed biofilm reactor (mbbr) and integrated fixed activ...Alvaro Huete
This document discusses the application of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) technologies for biological river water purification. MBBR uses biological carriers with a density close to water that are kept in suspension to provide surfaces for bacteria to grow into biofilms. IFAS systems integrate fixed film media and activated sludge in the same reactor. The document reviews several past studies that evaluated the performance of MBBR and IFAS systems in removing various pollutants like organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus from wastewater. The studies demonstrated these technologies can achieve high removal efficiencies of over 75% for various pollutants under different conditions.
This document discusses biofiltration as an innovative technology for treating contaminants in gas streams, such as air. It provides details on the types of biofilter support media, including naturally bioactive media like compost and soil, as well as synthetic media used in biotrickling filters. The mechanisms involved in biofiltration and the advantages of biotrickling filters over traditional compost biofilters are also summarized. Biotrickling filters can achieve higher degradation rates, treat higher contaminant concentrations, and offer better pH and nutrient control compared to compost biofilters.
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor -A New Perspective In Pulp And Paper Waste Water T...IJERA Editor
The pulp and paper mill effluent is one of the high polluting effluent amongst the effluents obtained
from polluting industries. All the available methods for treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent have certain
drawbacks. In this work, experiments were conducted to treat the pulp and paper mill effluent using moving bed
biofilm reactor (MBBR).The wastewater generated by these industries contains high COD, BOD, colour, organic
substances and toxic chemicals. This study was carried out on laboratory scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor with
proflex type biocarriers, where the biofilm grows on small, free floating plastic elements with a large surface area
and a density slightly less than 1.0 g/cm3
. The reactor was operated continuously at 50% percentages filling of
biocarriers. During the filling percentage, the removal efficiencies of COD & BOD were monitored at the time
period of 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h. The result showed that the maximum COD and BOD removal of 87% were achieved
for the 50 percent filling of biocarriers at the HRT of 8 h. From the experimental results, the moving bed biofilm
reactor could be used as an ideal and efficient option for the organic and inorganic removal from the wastewater
of pulp and paper industry
2019 chemical reaction system separation, and photocatalysis degradationArief Budhyantoro
The document describes the development of a pH-responsive multifunctional fabric with switchable surface wettability for efficient oily wastewater purification and separation. The fabric is prepared by decorating modified TiO2 nanoparticles and fluorochemicals onto a polyester fabric surface, enabling the surface to reversibly switch between superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic states in response to pH. This allows the fabric to separate various oil/water mixtures with high efficiency. Additionally, the fabric can be used to continuously separate oily products from chemical reaction systems in situ without interrupting reactions. The smart fabric has potential applications in wastewater treatment, oil spill cleanup, and optimizing industrial operations.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Review of research on bio reactors used in wastewater ijsit 2.4.6IJSIT Editor
This document reviews various types of bioreactors used in wastewater treatment for biohydrogen production, including batch, continuous stirred tank, plug flow, biofilm, suspended growth, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, anaerobic baffled, upflow packed bed, fluidized bed, sequencing batch, and membrane separation reactors. It discusses the operating principles and advantages/limitations of these different reactor configurations. The review concludes that significant progress has been made in developing advanced high-rate anaerobic reactors to improve wastewater treatment efficiency and biogas production for hydrogen fuel applications.
Progression of various MBBR media in Wastewater Treatment ProcessIRJET Journal
The document discusses different types of media used in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR) for wastewater treatment. It focuses on the Mutag Biochip carrier media. The Mutag Biochip provides a high surface area for bacterial growth and efficient mass transfer. When used in MBBR, the Mutag Biochip showed significant improvement in treatment efficiency for industrial and municipal wastewater by allowing for increased microbial activity and better removal of organic matter and nitrogen. The document also compares the Mutag Biochip media to conventional MBBR media and finds it provides higher surface area and treatment performance.
This document provides an overview of membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems for wastewater treatment. MBR systems combine a suspended growth bioreactor with solids removal via microfiltration membranes. This allows for higher biomass concentrations and smaller footprint than conventional activated sludge. The membranes can achieve high removal of contaminants and replace secondary clarifiers. While MBRs have higher capital and operating costs, they offer benefits of better effluent quality, smaller space requirements, and easier automation.
A biofilter uses biological degradation by microorganisms attached to filter media to remove pollutants from wastewater. Microorganisms colonize on the media's surface through transportation, adhesion, and attachment processes. As the biofilm grows, dissolved organics and suspended particles are degraded but oxygen diffusion limits aerobic zones to shallow depths. The biofiltration process is influenced by wastewater flow rate, organic loading, and substrate and oxygen diffusion rates. Common biofilters used for wastewater treatment include contact beds, intermittent sand filters, and trickling filters.
An Overview of Membrane Bioreactors for Anaerobic Treatment of WastewatersAM Publications
Application of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) for wastewater treatment could be an attractive alternative to
recover energy in terms of biogas. In recent years, researchers have shown that AnMBRs can be used to produce methane from
synthetic wastewater. Studies were conducted in the laboratory scale anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for treatment of synthetic
wastewater at different organic loading rates, under thermophillic and mesophilic conditions and ranging membrane flux. These
AnMBRs performed well for COD and BOD removal from the wastewater, demonstrating the effectiveness of this device for
wastewater treatment with COD and BOD removal efficiency above 90%. Results show that the application of anaerobic
membrane bioreactors is an efficient way to retain specific bacteria that can be a key for the treatment of wastewaters under
extreme conditions. The latter would enable their application to a wide range of industrial processes with the purpose of water
recycling. The challenge for future research is finding the optimum operational conditions to control the cake layer formation,
enhancing membrane performance and reducing the membrane area requirements. This will increase the economic feasibility of
AnMBRs, enabling its full scale application. The performance of the AnMBRs as reported in literature with different substrates,
membrane fouling issues and different membrane rector configurations are presented in this paper.
This document provides an overview of membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment. It discusses the working principles of MBRs, which integrate a semipermeable membrane with a biological treatment process. MBRs can be configured internally, with membranes submerged in the bioreactor, or externally, with separate membrane units. The document outlines various design considerations for MBRs, including pretreatment, membrane types, and filtration modes. It also examines MBR applications for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
The document summarizes the BIOFOR technology for wastewater treatment. Some key points:
- BIOFOR uses attached growth biological reactors for aerobic carbonaceous BOD5 removal and nitrification/denitrification. It employs upflow filtration through a biologically active granular media, with co-current air flow to prevent short-circuiting.
- Main components include high-rate primary tube settlers, integrated thickening, and a two-stage biologically active filter with enhanced aeration.
- Studies show BIOFOR achieves 95.2% BOD removal, 93.4% COD removal, and 97% suspended solids removal. It requires less space than other technologies at
Urban wastewater is usually treated using conventional activated sludge processes, which involve bacteria breaking down pollutants. Membrane bioreactors improve on this by using a membrane to filter out bacteria instead of gravitational settling. This allows for higher concentrations of bacteria and produces very high quality treated water that can be reused. Membrane bioreactors have several advantages over conventional treatment, including more compact systems and better treatment, but also have higher costs and challenges with membrane fouling.
Diffusion Studies of Nanofibril Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester NanocompositesIRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This work deals with the water sorption characteristics of isorananofibril reinforced polyester composites with special reference to filler loading as well as temperature. It was found that, the neat polyester resin shows high water absorption at room temperature. The reduction of water absorption of INF filled composites is due to the improved inter-facial adhesion, which prevents the easy penetration of water molecules in the nanofibril composite. The formation of fibrous network of cellulose nanofibrils with the polyester matrix also prevents the swelling of the composite and thus reduces the water penetration. At 90 ˚C, after the initial capillary uptake of water, as the INF loading increases the water uptake also increases. This is due to the hydrophilic character of INF. At higher temperature, the composite lost all its hydrogen bonding interactions and the neat polyester shows lower water uptake. The mechanism of diffusion was analysed and the effect of INF on the sorption kinetics was studied. Parameters like diffusion, sorption and permeability coefficients of the composites were determined.
This study evaluated the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of Total Fill Putty, a premixed bioceramic material used for endodontic surgery. Human osteosarcoma MG63 cells were cultured on samples of Total Fill Putty and cell viability was assessed over 24, 48, and 72 hours using MTT assays and FDA/PI staining. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to examine the cell morphology on the samples. The results showed no cytotoxic effects of Total Fill Putty on the cells, with cell viability comparable to the control group. This suggests Total Fill Putty has good biocompatibility and is not cytotoxic, supporting its use as a retrograde filling material in endodontic surgery.
Sewage water Treatment Using Moving Bed Bio-Film Reactor over SBRIRJET Journal
This document presents a study comparing the performance of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for treating sewage water. A lab-scale reactor was used to test the systems. The study investigated the effect of aeration time (30, 60, and 90 minutes) on removal efficiency of organic matter, measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The MBBR showed the best removal efficiencies of 97% for BOD and 95% for COD at a 90 minute aeration time, outperforming the SBR. The MBBR also required a shorter hydraulic retention time than the SBR.
This document defines a photobioreactor as a device that uses solar light to transform organic material into biomass. It discusses open and closed photobioreactor systems. Open systems include raceway ponds, which have lower costs but less control over conditions. Closed systems have reduced risks but higher costs. The document then describes five types of closed photobioreactors: tubular, Christmas tree, plate, horizontal, and foil designs. It notes advantages and disadvantages of different designs.
1. The document discusses self-healing concrete, also known as bio-concrete, which uses bacteria to autonomously repair cracks in concrete.
2. The bacteria and nutrients used to produce calcium carbonate are embedded in expanded clay pellets distributed throughout the concrete mix. When cracks form and water enters, the pellets rupture, releasing the bacteria which metabolize the nutrients to precipitate calcium carbonate and seal the cracks.
3. Experiments found this bacterial self-healing method could fully heal cracks up to 0.5mm wide by producing calcium carbonate through the bacteria's metabolic activity. This self-healing improved the concrete's water tightness and durability.
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Modified pu carriers_for_wastewater_treatment
1. High Performance, highly adsorbent and porous PU carriers for MBBR/IFAS application
Technological advancement in wastewater treatment field and fixed film technologies
During the past two decades, biological wastewater treatment field has witnessed remarkable
technological advancement due to increasing needs to achieve better treatment standards, to meet
stringent legislative requirements, to reduce the space requirement along with operation and
maintenance cost of wastewater treatment facilities. Lately technologies and processes based on
fixed film growth principle have gained significant attention due to their specific advantages.
In a fixed film reactor much of the active biomass is retained on the bio-films growing on carriers
which offer very long sludge ages compared to suspended growth based technologies and prevents
wash out of micro organisms from the reactor. This characteristic allows growth of slowly growing
micro organisms with low cell yield and weak flocculation ability which are responsible for the
degradation of persistent pollutants, nitrification and anaerobic degradation of effluents making
these processes feasible and much stable compared to suspended growth based processes. Micro
organisms in the bio film are covered by Extra Cellular Polymeric (EPS) substances protecting them
against toxic and inhibitory effects of pollutants. This allows stable and efficient operation of
biological degradation of toxic and inhibitory substances making fixed film processes the most viable
for their degradation.
MBBR and IFAS Technologies: Emerging Technologies on Horizon
Among various fixed film based processes, Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed Film
Activated Sludge(IFAS) technologies have been emerged as simple yet robust, flexible and compact
solutions for wastewater treatment. The technologies have been successfully implemented for
BOD/COD removal and nitrification-denitrification and removal of toxic and persistent pollutants
under anaerobic as well as aerobic conditions
Working Principle and Advantages over suspended growth technologies
In principle, the MBBR and IFAS are a combination of fixed film and suspended growth processes of
biological wastewater treatment. Both systems utilise specially designed carrier material for the
growth of bio film which is held in suspension within the reactor using aeration and mechanical
mixing energy. The combination of suspended growth and fixed film technology offers many
advantages which include: a) growth of highly specialized biomass to achieve desired treatment
goals, b) a continuous flow process eliminating the back washing requirement unlike other fixed film
processes, c) flow simplicity and flexibility as CAS systems, d)biological performance is not dependent
upon solids separation as much of the active biomass is retained on the carrier material allowing for
applications of various solids separation technologies, e) versatility of the technologies allow for
different tank geometries and f) up-gradation and expansion of existing plant without adding new
basins to it.
2. Biocarriers : Most crucial elements for a better MBBR/IFAS Design
As the micro-organisms growing on the bio film attached to carriers are responsible for removal
efficiency and thus overall performance of the reactor, carriers on which bio-film grows are the most
crucial elements of MBBR/IFAS system. Historically various carrier materials such as pulverized or
granular activated carbon, quartz sand, expanded clay, lava slag, textile sheets, porous-non porous
plastics in the form of granules or various packing of different size and shapes have been utilised
extensively for fixed film technologies. As the application of MBBR technology has gained
momentum, a much of the focus has been on development of plastic based carriers of different size
and geometries.
Ideal Carrier Properties and their significance to Process Performance
Ideally efficient carrier material must offer a very high surface for faster and stable colonization,
protect the bio film from toxic and inhibitory effects and excessive shear forces, ensure optimal mass
transfer allowing for smoother DO and substrate gradients for better removal efficiencies and offer
ease of operation for mixing and circulation of carrier materials in the reactor.
Table 1 : Properties of Ideal Carrier Material and their importance
Property Effect
High Adsorbent capacity Binding of toxic and inhibitory substances, faster
colonization and thus faster start up and
performance
Higher Active Surface Higher biofilm concentration in the reactor,
lower degree of filling requirement and thus
smaller volume of the reactor
Higher porosity Protection of biofilm against adverse effects
Fast Wetting Good fluidization and mass transfer efficiency
and higher biological activity
Lower Density Low energy consumption for mixing and
circulation
Hydrophilic surface Adherence of micro organisms to the carrier
material and better process stability
3. Plastic Carriers and their limitations:
At present a wide variety of plastic carrier manufactured from different plastic materials available in
the market. Depending upon their design they offer specific surface area in the range of 200-1200
m2/m3, density close to water (1.0 g/cm3), sp. Weight 80-140 kg/m3 with a void ratio of 70-90%.
However, due to their very poor adsorbent capacity, adhesion of micro organisms requires time and
thus takes 3-4 weeks to colonize and offers no adsorption of toxic and inhibitory substances
providing no protection against them. For desired treatment level a filling ratio of 30-60% required
for these carriers increasing the reactor size. Moreover, the specific weight of these carriers is very
high requiring additional energy for mixing and recirculation in the reactor.
Poly Urethane (PU) : An Ideal Carrier material
Poly Urethane(PU) first invented by Bayer AG in 1937 form a group of plastic whose properties show
more variability than those of other groups. PU as carrier material is favoured due to following
reasons:
Higher mechanical strength with flexibility of rubber and toughness of metal
Higher internal porosity
Higher stability to hydrolysis
Non biodegradability and resistant to solvent especially of poly ether based PUs
Their properties (density, particle size, sedimentation velocity) can be varied at will
Ease of handling
Advantages of PU Carriers:
PU carriers are made of flexible, durable foam pads which possess very high surface area and internal
porosity. Due to excellent porous surface, entrapment and intercepting efficiency of PU carrier is
very high resulting in faster colonization of micro organisms on it. Higher porosity also allows for
better protection of biomass and better DO and substrate gradient across the carrier allowing for
concurrent growth of heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass within the carrier material. It has been
observed that PU carrier based bio reactors contain more autotrophic biomass compared to
suspended growth only reactors thus nitrification rates observed in the bio reactors with PU carriers
are far better than suspended growth system and bio film reactor based on plastic carriers. Moreover
due to higher surface area per m3 of carrier volume, the amount of filling required and thus reactor
size are less compared to conventional plastic media based bio reactors.
4. Modified PU Carriers: Variable Properties and their importance in biological processes
The adhesion of micro organisms on carrier material does not depend only on the nature of surface
and porosity but also on properties like electro static surface charges and hydrophilic nature of the
surface. The properties of the plastic carriers can be modified to very limited extent to increase their
surface charges and hydrophilic nature. However, by impregnating the PU foam with electro-
statically charged surface additives or additive mixtures their properties can be varied to a wide
extent.
The fact that variation of the above mentioned properties and quantities of foam matrix enables
modification of the properties of PU carrier to a wide extent making it the most suitable carrier
material for fixed film based processes.
Advantages of modified PU carriers:
Impregnation of PU foams with adsorbing surface active pigments with high surface increases the
adsorbing capacity and surface area to a great extent. The formation of high adsorbing surface
provides very fast colonization of micro organisms on carrier surface leading to faster process start
up. Moreover, it also triggers temporary adsorption of toxic and inhibitory substances reducing their
bulk liquid concentration. This temporary adsorption enables better process stability against toxic
loading and enables treatment of effluents containing toxic substances more efficiently. As the
adsorbed substances are bio degraded by micro- organisms, the adsorbing surface is “self
regenerating”. The impregnation also allows growth of micro-organisms within the internal pores
protecting them against shear forces. The microbial growth at internal pores also helps forming
anoxic zones with low DO and low substrate concentrations allowing simultaneous nitrification-
denitrification of effluents.
Comparison of modified PU carriers with other carriers:
While investigating the application of modified PU carriers for anaerobic degradation off high AOX
containing Toxic Pulp and Paper mill bleaching effluents, a series of tests were conducted with
different materials in parallel operated lab scale reactors. The results indicated advantages of
modified PU carriers as the colonization of micro organisms was very rapid on modified PU carriers
and the performance of anaerobic reactors containing modified PU carriers exceeded all other
carriers in terms of COD elimination and AOX removal efficiencies.
5. Fig 1 : Influence of various carriers on COD elimination
LEVAPOR Carriers: First Synthetically modified PU carrier
Levapor Bio Film Technologies and Bio Consulting is a Germany based organization started by Dr.
Imre Pascik, provides innovative fixed film based solutions for the treatment of complex effluents.
After basic research activities, Levapor carriers were designed to meet the requirement of ideal
carriers for microbial immobilization. The carriers comprise porous, flexible and durable foam cubes
impregnated with adsorbing, surface active pigments with extremely high surface. One cubic metre
of flexible PU foam has a surface area of 2500 m2/m3. Their impregnation with 15 to 50 kg highly
adsorbing activated carbon powder, with surfaces of 1000 to 2000 m² per 1 gram (!) weight, results
in extremely high adsorbing surface and high porosity.
6. Fig 2 : Delivery form of LEVAPOR Carrier Cubes
Fig 3 : Fluidized LEVAPOR Carriers in the Reactor
7. Fig 4a : Microscopic picture of LEVAPOR Carriers
Fig 4b : Microscopic Picture of LEVAPOR Carriers
9. Advantages of Levapor Carriers :
Due to their mentioned advantageous properties, LEVAPOR carriers enable a very fast
Reversible adsorption of inhibitory, slowly degradable pollutants and
Colonisation of carrier surface by more active, special, biofilm forming microorganisms than
simple carriers resulting in
faster process startup
higher removal efficiency
higher process stability
lower sludge yields and
Better process economy
Only 10-15% filling required compared 40-60% requirement for conventional plastic media
Applications:
Over the years, Levapor carriers have been successfully utilised for anaerobic-aerobic treatment of
toxic pulp and paper mill effluents, high strength industrial effluents like pharmaceuticals,
petrochemicals, pesticides and herbicides manufacturing, coke oven and textile dyes manufacturing
industries. The technology has been also utilised for the upgradation/expansion of municipal
wastewater treatment plant to achieve nutrient removal and has been also applied to a full scale
municipal wastewater treatment plant with nitrification in cold climates.
Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Toxic Sulphite Pulp and Paper mill effluents:
Levapor carriers were first utilised for the treatment of toxic pulp and paper mill effluents during
1988-1990.
The Problem:
Pulp and Paper production is characterized by higher water consumption during pulping process and
severe pollution of processed water various stages. Bleaching effluents are of serious environmental
concern due to presence of persistent, toxic chlorinated organic compounds mainly chlorolignins and
its cleavage products such as chlorophenols, lower molecular weight chloro aliphatics such as
chloroform, chloroethanes, tetrachloroethylene and chloroacetones. Moreover, sulphite paper mill
effluents also contain sulpho compounds which are toxic and inhibitory to biological processes.
These pollutants are characterised by slow to extremely slow biodegradable nature. As the micro
organisms responsible for the biodegradation these persistent and slowly biodegradable pollutants
have lower growth rate and poor floc forming abilities, retaining them in suspended growth reactor
is difficult even with very efficient and conservative biomass separation designs.
10. The Solution:
After initial analysis of the problem, a series of trial runs and pilot testing were conducted using
suspended growth anaerobic reactor and reactors containing lignite coke, unmodified PUR foam and
modified PU LEVAPOR-carriers to obtain necessary design and process performance data. The
reactors containing modified PU carriers outperformed other reactors in terms of COD removal
efficiency and biogas production along with higher COD loading rates feasible with anaerobic reactor
containing modified PU carriers.
Thus, a full scale plant comprising of micro aerobic pre treatment followed by Anaerobic reactor
added with 10% of modified PU carriers for biomass immobilization and Aerobic reactors was
suggested. The full scale plant treats a flow of 20 MLD with a COD loading of 40-45 tonnes per day.
Fig 6 : Plant Performance Data after three years of operation
11. Fig 7 : Impact of immobilized biomass using Levapor Carriers on COD loading rates of Anaerobic
reactors
Fig 8 : Anaerobic Reactors at Sulfite Pulp and Paper mill site
12. Results and Benefits:
Due to addition of 10% modified PU carriers in the Anaerobic reactor, a reactor volume of
15000m3 was required compared to 65000m3 reactor volume with suspended growth based
anaerobic reactor offering significant space and cost saving in constructing the reactors.
To confirm the reactor performance, two of the three anaerobic reactors were started with
modified carriers while the third reactor was started using suspended biomass only. After
stabilization the performance of the suspended growth based anaerobic reactor never
reached the performance of the Anaerobic reactor started with modified PU carriers and
after five months of operation, the biological process completely crashed due to toxic high
loadings.
The overall anaerobic-aerobic treatment plant resulted in total COD reduction of 80-85%
consistently and a biogas production of 11000-15000 m3/day which corresponds to bio gas
production of 430 m3/tonne COD removed in the Anaerobic reactor.
City of NINGAN, China Municipal wastewater treatment plant for COD Removal and nitrification
NINGAN is a city with 440.000 inhabitants located ca. 20 km southwest of Mudanjiang in the
Heilongjiang province
The problem:
Due to stricter legislative requirements for ammonia discharge, the municipal wastewater treatment
plant requires to achieve efficient COD removal as well as nitrification. Moreover, due to cold climate
conditions, a technology which can fulfil the nitrification discharge limits during winter required for
the new municipal wastewater treatment plant.
Solution
Based on our previous experiences with municipal wastewater treatment in cold climate, for a
designed capacity of 22 MLD wastewater flow, 3200m3 of aerobic reactor volume was suggested
which was filled with 480m3 of Levapor media at 15% filling rates. The plant was commissioned in
October 2010 which is already winter in Ningan.
13. Fig 9 : COD removal at Ningan WWTP during period of Oct-Dec 2012
Fig 10 : NH4.N removal under wide fluctuation of TKN and Temperature at Ningan WWTP
14. Results and Benefits:
Despite start up during cold weather and short hydraulic retention time (3.5-3.8 hours
compared to 6-10 hours for conventional systems), the plant achieved remarkable COD
reduction within few days and within three-four weeks stable nitrification was established
achieving overall 88-90% COD reduction (33-38 mg/lit) and 91-93% NH4.N reduction (2-3.3
mg/lit) in the effluent meeting all legal discharge limits.
Despite wide fluctuations in COD and TKN loading and wide variation in the temperatures,
removal efficiencies for both COD and TKN has remained stable confirming stable
nitrification process within the porous carriers.
A higher removal of TKN has been observed with lower level of NO3- concentration in the
effluent confirming simultaneous denitrification within the internal pores of carrier
materials.