Wild strains of microorganisms produce low quantities of commercially important metabolites.
Therefore we need genetic improvement to produce high quantities of metabolites/products.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
All about photobioreactors. Factors affecting efficiency of photobioreactor, Differenct types of PBR, criteria for selection of a PBR, Current Applications etc.
This PPT dicusses about the Stirred Tank Bioreactor and its features mainly used in Fermentation process.
Useful for students doing their Bachelor's in Life Science
The material describes components of industrial fermentation media with their respective metabolic importance for the industrial microbes. it also addresses industrial scale sterilization methods.
A bioreactor is an installation for the production of microorganisms outside their natural but inside an artificial environment. The prefix “photo” particularly describes the bio-reactor's property to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms, or organisms which grow on by utilizing light energy.
These organisms use the process of photosynthesis to build their own biomass from light and carbon dioxide. Members of this group are Plants, Mosses, Microalgae, Cyanobacteria and Purple Bacteria.
Photobioreactor or PBR, is the controlled supply of specific environmental conditions for respective species.
Photobioreactor allows much higher growth rates and purity levels than anywhere in natural or habitats similar to nature.
The function of the bioreactor is to provide a suitable environment in
which an organism can efficiently produce a target product—the target product might be.
Cell biomass
Metabolite
Bioconversion Product
The performance of any bioreactor depends on the following key factors:
Agitation rate
Oxygen transfer
pH
Temperature
There is no universal bioreactor.
The general requirements of the bioreactor are as follows:
The design and construction of bioreactors must keep sterility from the start point to end of the process.
Optimal mixing with low, uniform shear.
Adequate mass transfer, oxygen.
Clearly defined flow conditions.
Feeding substrate with prevention of under or overdosing.
Suspension of solids.
Gentle heat transfer.
Compliance with design requirements such as: ability to be sterilized; simple construction; simple measuring, control, regulating techniques; scale-up; flexibility; long term stability; compatibility with up- downstream processes; antifoaming measures.
Strain improvement technique (exam point of view)Sijo A
The development of industrial strains, that can tolerate cultural environment and produces the desired metabolite in large amount from wild type strain is called strain improvement.
The rate of production is controlled by genome of an organism.
Hence the rate of production can be increased by inducing necessory changes in genome of the organism. Hence it is also called genetic improvement of microbial strain.
Photobioreactors Harnessing Photosynthesis for Sustainable Innovation.Fermex Solutions LLP
Discover the fascinating world of Photobioreactors. These innovative systems harness the power of light and microorganisms to produce biofuels, nutraceuticals, and more. Explore their design, advantages, and applications in a concise 50-word description that will leave you eager to learn more about this sustainable technology.
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor -A New Perspective In Pulp And Paper Waste Water T...IJERA Editor
The pulp and paper mill effluent is one of the high polluting effluent amongst the effluents obtained
from polluting industries. All the available methods for treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent have certain
drawbacks. In this work, experiments were conducted to treat the pulp and paper mill effluent using moving bed
biofilm reactor (MBBR).The wastewater generated by these industries contains high COD, BOD, colour, organic
substances and toxic chemicals. This study was carried out on laboratory scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor with
proflex type biocarriers, where the biofilm grows on small, free floating plastic elements with a large surface area
and a density slightly less than 1.0 g/cm3
. The reactor was operated continuously at 50% percentages filling of
biocarriers. During the filling percentage, the removal efficiencies of COD & BOD were monitored at the time
period of 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h. The result showed that the maximum COD and BOD removal of 87% were achieved
for the 50 percent filling of biocarriers at the HRT of 8 h. From the experimental results, the moving bed biofilm
reactor could be used as an ideal and efficient option for the organic and inorganic removal from the wastewater
of pulp and paper industry
Wild strains of microorganisms produce low quantities of commercially important metabolites.
Therefore we need genetic improvement to produce high quantities of metabolites/products.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
All about photobioreactors. Factors affecting efficiency of photobioreactor, Differenct types of PBR, criteria for selection of a PBR, Current Applications etc.
This PPT dicusses about the Stirred Tank Bioreactor and its features mainly used in Fermentation process.
Useful for students doing their Bachelor's in Life Science
The material describes components of industrial fermentation media with their respective metabolic importance for the industrial microbes. it also addresses industrial scale sterilization methods.
A bioreactor is an installation for the production of microorganisms outside their natural but inside an artificial environment. The prefix “photo” particularly describes the bio-reactor's property to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms, or organisms which grow on by utilizing light energy.
These organisms use the process of photosynthesis to build their own biomass from light and carbon dioxide. Members of this group are Plants, Mosses, Microalgae, Cyanobacteria and Purple Bacteria.
Photobioreactor or PBR, is the controlled supply of specific environmental conditions for respective species.
Photobioreactor allows much higher growth rates and purity levels than anywhere in natural or habitats similar to nature.
The function of the bioreactor is to provide a suitable environment in
which an organism can efficiently produce a target product—the target product might be.
Cell biomass
Metabolite
Bioconversion Product
The performance of any bioreactor depends on the following key factors:
Agitation rate
Oxygen transfer
pH
Temperature
There is no universal bioreactor.
The general requirements of the bioreactor are as follows:
The design and construction of bioreactors must keep sterility from the start point to end of the process.
Optimal mixing with low, uniform shear.
Adequate mass transfer, oxygen.
Clearly defined flow conditions.
Feeding substrate with prevention of under or overdosing.
Suspension of solids.
Gentle heat transfer.
Compliance with design requirements such as: ability to be sterilized; simple construction; simple measuring, control, regulating techniques; scale-up; flexibility; long term stability; compatibility with up- downstream processes; antifoaming measures.
Strain improvement technique (exam point of view)Sijo A
The development of industrial strains, that can tolerate cultural environment and produces the desired metabolite in large amount from wild type strain is called strain improvement.
The rate of production is controlled by genome of an organism.
Hence the rate of production can be increased by inducing necessory changes in genome of the organism. Hence it is also called genetic improvement of microbial strain.
Photobioreactors Harnessing Photosynthesis for Sustainable Innovation.Fermex Solutions LLP
Discover the fascinating world of Photobioreactors. These innovative systems harness the power of light and microorganisms to produce biofuels, nutraceuticals, and more. Explore their design, advantages, and applications in a concise 50-word description that will leave you eager to learn more about this sustainable technology.
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor -A New Perspective In Pulp And Paper Waste Water T...IJERA Editor
The pulp and paper mill effluent is one of the high polluting effluent amongst the effluents obtained
from polluting industries. All the available methods for treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent have certain
drawbacks. In this work, experiments were conducted to treat the pulp and paper mill effluent using moving bed
biofilm reactor (MBBR).The wastewater generated by these industries contains high COD, BOD, colour, organic
substances and toxic chemicals. This study was carried out on laboratory scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor with
proflex type biocarriers, where the biofilm grows on small, free floating plastic elements with a large surface area
and a density slightly less than 1.0 g/cm3
. The reactor was operated continuously at 50% percentages filling of
biocarriers. During the filling percentage, the removal efficiencies of COD & BOD were monitored at the time
period of 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h. The result showed that the maximum COD and BOD removal of 87% were achieved
for the 50 percent filling of biocarriers at the HRT of 8 h. From the experimental results, the moving bed biofilm
reactor could be used as an ideal and efficient option for the organic and inorganic removal from the wastewater
of pulp and paper industry
Recursos Renovables Alternativos (RRA) has developed two proprietary processes to allow the algae grow in high volumes and disrupt it efficiently in a profitable manner.
We have the technical capacity to operate biodiesel plants in a continuous and stable process.
http://rra.mx
FABRICATION OF A SIMPLE BUBBLE COLUMN CO2 CAPTURE UNIT UTILIZING MICROALGAE ijbbjournal
This paper focuses on the fabrication of a vertical column CO2 bioreactor and the experimentation of
microalgae. On the manufacturing aspect of the project, the base design was modelled on Solidworks and
assigned a material. The model was then loaded onto a finite element analysis (FEA) software to determine
various engineering stresses and strains to confirm the specimen’s strength. Once the simulation had
completed, the model was ready for 3-D printing. The species of microalgae to be used in this study was
Chlorella Vulgaris. The medium solution was prepared by mixing many types of salts suitable for this type
of algae. Experimental trials of algae growth were conducted mainly to see whether the algae would indeed
grow more rapidly using the developed medium. After failure in early trials, some experiments were
conducted to determine which concentration of stock solution would be the most ideal for the algae to grow
in. These early experiments proved the major impacts of the concentration of the medium on the rate of
growth of the algae. The knowledge gained in these experiments will be instrumental during the next stages
of this project.
FABRICATION OF A SIMPLE BUBBLE COLUMN CO2 CAPTURE UNIT UTILIZING MICROALGAEijbbjournal
This paper focuses on the fabrication of a vertical column CO2 bioreactor and the experimentation of
microalgae. On the manufacturing aspect of the project, the base design was modelled on Solidworks and
assigned a material. The model was then loaded onto a finite element analysis (FEA) software to determine
various engineering stresses and strains to confirm the specimen’s strength. Once the simulation had
completed, the model was ready for 3-D printing. The species of microalgae to be used in this study was
Chlorella Vulgaris. The medium solution was prepared by mixing many types of salts suitable for this type
of algae. Experimental trials of algae growth were conducted mainly to see whether the algae would indeed
grow more rapidly using the developed medium. After failure in early trials, some experiments were
conducted to determine which concentration of stock solution would be the most ideal for the algae to grow
in. These early experiments proved the major impacts of the concentration of the medium on the rate of
growth of the algae. The knowledge gained in these experiments will be instrumental during the next stages
of this project.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
photobioreactor pptx
1. G.KEERTHANAGOPAL,
I - M.SC MICROBIOLOGY,
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY,
VIVEKANADHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN,
SANKAGIRI,SALEM,TAMILNADHU.
SUBJECT : MICROALGAL TECHNOLOGY
2. DEFINITION OF PHOTOBIOREACTOR
A photobioreactor is a term that’s used to refer to any process or device which
makes use of solar light to transform organic material into biomass.
This technology is widely used in wastewater treatment systems to eliminate
nutrients from the wastewater.
Additionally it has been discovered that certain species of algae can produce
important compounds like pigments, proteins, lipids carbohydrate, vitamins,
polysaccharides, and more.
4. The first method of controlled production of phototrophic species was to use a natural
open pond (also known as artificial raceway) pond.
The cultivation suspension that has all of the essential nutrients and carbon dioxide
moved around in a continuous cycle that is illuminated directly by sunlight through its
surface.
Raceway ponds continue to be employed in industries because of their lower operational
costs when compared with closed PBRs.
They do however offer inadequate control over the reaction conditions because they rely
on light sources from the environment, and carbon dioxide as well as the potential for
contamination by other microorganisms.
5. Open technologies also cause water loss through evaporation into
atmosphere.
Figure : Open System of Photobioreactor
6. Closed PBR construction reduces the risk of losses in water from the system, and the
chance of contamination is diminished.
Although closed systems are more efficient in performance than open systems because of
the benefits mentioned above but they must be upgraded to make them appropriate for the
production of commodities with low prices because cell density is still insufficient due to
various limitation aspects.
Modern photobioreactors have attempted to achieve a balance with a very thin film
suspension of culture, optimal lighting, less use of energy for pumps, and capital expense
and the purity of the microbial population
7. However, light attenuation as well as an increase in CO2 demands with the growth are
two of the most likely changes to phototrophic cultures , which severely limit the
efficiency of photobioreactors.
The accumulation of oxygen from photosynthetic sources as microalgae grow in
photobioreactors is believed to be a key element but it has been demonstrated by using
dynamic models that levels of dissolved oxygen that exceed 400% air saturation aren’t
inhibiting when the cell density is sufficiently high to block the light intensity in the later
stages of microalgal culture.
Numerous different methods have been evaluated, however only a handful of approaches
could be used on large scale
8. Types of Closed systems Photo bioreactors :
There are present Five types of Closed systems Photo bioreactors such as;
1. TUBULAR PHOTOBIOREACTORS
2. CHRISTMAS TREE PHOTOBIOREACTOR
3. PLATE PHOTOBIOREACTOR
4. HORIZONTAL PHOTOBIOREACTOR
5. FOIL PHOTOBIOREACTOR
9. Made up of glass or plastic tubes, this photobioreactor is working well at a production
scale.
The tubes are laid either vertically or horizontally.
They are connected to a central utility installation that includes sensors, pumps as well
as CO2 and nutrients.
Photobioreactors with tubular structures are used worldwide from the laboratory to the
manufacturing scales,
e.g. to make the carotenoid Astaxanthine from the green algae Haematococcus p.
or to produce food supplements from the algae Chlorella vulgaris.
10. Photo bioreactors benefit of the purity levels and their high-efficiency outputs.
The production of biomass is accomplished at a top quality level, and the high biomass
content at the conclusion of the production permits an energy efficient downstream
processing
Figure : Tubular Photobioreactor
11. A different approach is demonstrated by a photo bioreactor that is constructed in the
shape of a tapered geometrical structure and is equipped with a helically connected to a
transparent double hose system.
This creates a design like the Christmas tree.
Tubular systems are built in modules, and could theoretically be adapted outdoors to an
agricultural scale.
The location of the dedicated area isn’t essential, as is the case with the other systems
that are closed, therefore, non-arable land can be used also.
The material selection should stop biofouling as well as ensure high end biomass levels.
12. Combining turbulence with the closed concept will allow an uncluttered
operation as well as a high level of operational availability.
Figure : Christmas Tree Photobioreactor
13. Another method of development is observed in the building of glass or
plastic plates.
Plates with various technical designs are placed on top of the small layer
of suspension that provides the best light source.
Additionally, the less complicated design as compared to tubular
reactors permits the use of cheaper plastics.
14. From the variety of ideas
e.g. design flow patterns that wind around and bottom gassed designs have been
implemented and demonstrated good output results.
Applications on a large scale are restricted by the scale plates.
Figure : Plate Photobioreactor
15. The photobioreactor is an elongated plate with peaks and valleys that are arranged with
regular distance.
This geometry results in the dispersion of light reflected off the larger area, which is
equivalent to an effect of dilution.
Figure : Horizontal Photobioreactor
16. The pressure from market prices has led to the development of photobioreactors
based on foils.
Cheap PVC as well as PE foils are positioned into vessels or bags that cover algae
suspensions as well as expose them sunlight.
The prices of photobioreactors has been increased by using foil systems.
It is important to keep in the mind that these systems have an insufficient lifespan
since the foils must be replaced on a regular basic time.
17. To calculate the full balance the amount of investment required for support systems
must be calculated, too.
Figure : Foil Photobioreactor
18. There is no need for any other carbon resource.
It is suitable to perform large-scale applications.
It is suitable to create high density and low density ones.
It is possible to use microalgae for development in the open air.
Simple operation and maintenance.
Low cost.
19. Capital costs are very high.
The production and productivity costs in certain enclosed photobioreactor
systems aren’t much different from open-pond bioreactors.
The technical challenge in sterilization .
