The document defines modal verbs as helping verbs used with the base form of main verbs. It provides examples of common modal verbs like can, may, must, should, etc. and discusses some key differences in how modal verbs are used compared to ordinary verbs, such as not taking an -s in the third person singular or requiring the verb without "to" after most modals. The document also provides examples of different modalities (ability, permission, possibility, certainty, obligation) expressed by various modal verbs.

2. What are Modal Verbs?
- Helping verbs used together with base
form of main verbs

3. Would
Must
Shall
Should
Could
Can
May
Might
Will
Some Examples of Modals

4. Modal Verbs are special verbs
which behave very differently from
ordinary verbs.
Here are some important differences:

5. 1. They have no -s in the third person
singular (he, she, it).
Example:
She shoulds pass the entrance test before enrolment period.

6. 1. They have no -s in the third person
singular (he, she, it).
Example:
She shoulds pass the entrance test before enrolment period.
Correct Sentence:
She should pass the entrance test before enrolment period.

7. 2. Most modal verbs, except for ought, are
followed by the verb without to.
Example:
Gallaudet should to build a new computer center.

8. 2. Most modal verbs, except for ought, are
followed by the verb without to.
Example:
Gallaudet should to build a new computer center.
Correct Sentence:
Gallaudet should build a new computer center.

9. 3. Modals have no infinitive or –ing form.
Example:
My parents can singing well.

10. 3. Modals have no infinitive or –ing form.
Example:
My parents can singing well.
Correct Sentence:
My parents can sing well.

11. 6. Questions can be made by placing the modal verb
before the subject and without using do/did.
Example:
May I see what you’ve been playing on
your phone?

12. Let’s practice!

13. Which sentence has a
modal verb?

14. 1.Do not turn on that computer, it is not
working properly. We should fix it first.
2.We have been arguing over this issue for half
an hour, let’s change the topic.
3.Let’s visit our grandpa, we have not seen him
since Christmas

17. Please choose the correct
negative form of modal verb.

18. 1.I don’t can do it now, I am very busy until
5pm.
2.You must don’t smoke here, this is a no
smoking zone.
3.He should not procrastinate his assignments,
he may not get good grades.

21. Modal Verbs
Usage

22.  Ability

23. 1. I can speak Chinese, but I can't write it.
2. She could swim for miles when she was younger.
3. Can/Could you close the window, please?
(request)

24.  Permission

25. 1. Can/May I have another piece of cake, Dad?
(request)
2. I'm afraid you can't leave until you've finished
that work.
3. Might I have a word with you?

26. Can is commonly used to ask for or give permission.
May is more formal.
Could and might are used to ask for (not to give)
permission.
They are more tentative than can.

27.  Possibility

28. 1. She may/might (not) go to Paris tomorrow.
2. Don't touch that wire. It could be dangerous.
3. Where can/could they be after the class
dismissal?

29.  Certainty

30. 1. Joe must be at least 25 to get the job.
2. He must have graduated years ago.
3. We can't have been at college together. I'm sure
we weren't at college together.

31.  Obligation, requirement

32. 1. I must phone my parents tonight before attending
the party.
2. You must not smoke in the cinema.
3. He had to leave early for the final rehearsal.

33. Had to is the past form of must when it is
used to express obligation.

34.  Probability

35. 1. Their meeting should/ought to be over now.
(I expect it is!)
2. They should have/ought to have received
our letter by now.

36. Let’s practice!

37. Identify the modal verb and
modality (definition) in the following
sentences.

38. 1. You could play with your PS4 after school,
but you must finish your homework first.

39. 1. You could play with your PS4 after school,
but you must finish your homework first.

40. 2. Since all dogs are mammals, this
golden retriever must be a mammal.

41. 2. Since all dogs are mammals, this
golden retriever must be a mammal.

42. 3. You might consider finishing your
household chores before playing
computer games.

43. 3. You might consider finishing your
household chores before playing
computer games.

44. 4. I will finish my essay tonight even if I
have to forgo sleep.

45. 4. I will finish my essay tonight even if I
have to forgo sleep.

46. 5. The puppy can sit on command.

47. 5. The puppy can sit on command.

48. 6. I would eat cereal every day as a child.

49. 6. I would eat cereal every day as a child.

50. 7. You may encounter some difficult players
on occasion.

51. 7. You may encounter some difficult players
on occasion.

52. 8. The train should arrive in a few minutes.
I better be going.

53. 8. The train should arrive in a few minutes.
I better be going.

54. 9. The situation would not be so bad if we all
remained calm.

55. 9. The situation would not be so bad if we all
remained calm.

56. 10. I will have earned my graduate degree
next semester.

57. 10. I will have earned my graduate degree
next semester.

58. Quiz time!

59. You are
amazing!