This document provides a lesson on modals. It begins by stating the lesson objectives, which are to identify different types of modals and use them to express permission, obligation, and prohibition. It then provides a diagnostic test to assess students' knowledge of modals. The main body of the lesson defines four types of modals - permission, prohibition, obligation, and no obligation. It provides examples for each and has students practice identifying the modal and its meaning in different sentences. The lesson concludes with a performance task that has students work in groups to create an employment contract using modals to outline the conditions.

1. Modals

2. MELCs:
2
✔ Express permission, obligation,
and prohibition using modals

3. Lesson’s
✔ To identify the modals
used in an article
✔ To differentiate kinds
of modals used in
expressing
permission, obligation
and prohibition
✔ Create dialogues
using modals and
✔ Convert non-linear to
linear information
3

4. 1. Diagnostic Test
Get a ¼ sheet of paper. Write your name and section.

5. Write your answers only.
1. I believe I ________ fly.
2. _______ I go to the bathroom, Ma’am Mika?
3. Monica ______ not tell my secrets to anyone. (Boss to colleague)
4. She _________ to attend the funeral if she is not feeling well.
5. __________ I interview the mayor?
5

6. Write your answers only.
1. I believe I ________ fly.
2. _______ I go to the bathroom, Ma’am Mika?
3. Monica ______ not tell my secrets to anyone. (Boss to colleague)
4. She ___________ to attend the funeral if she is not feeling well.
5. __________ I interview the mayor?
6
can
May
must
doesn’t have
Could

7. MODALS
 Auxiliary verbs
 Helping verbs
7

8. Types of Modals
8
• Can
• Could
• May
Permission
• Can’t (Cannot)
• Mustn’t (Must not)
Prohibition
•Has to (singular)
•Have to (plural)
•must
Obligation
• Doesn’t (does not) have to (singular)
• Don’t (do not) have to (plural)
No obligation

9. Permission
9
Can
Could
May

10. Permission
10
Can
Could
May

11. Examples:
11
• Hannah, can I borrow your
pen please?
• Could you get me some
water?
• May I use the comfort room?

12. Prohibition
12
• Cannot
• Dealing against
rules
• The speaker is not
the one who set
the rules
• Must not
• Something that is
not permitted
• The speaker is the
one who set the
rules

13. Examples:
13
• You can’t smoke here.
• You can’t go to the party
• You must not use your phones inside
the classroom. (teacher to students)
• Mustn’t you eat all the food in the
fridge. (mother to child)

14. Obligation
14
Has/have
to
not from the
speaker
Comes from
an authority,
rule or law
Must
Comes from
the speaker or
an authority

15. Examples:
15
• I must call my husband now.
• You have to wear proper clothes in
school. (from the school handbook)
• She has to come home at exactly 7
o’clock in the evening.
• I must write a report on how the
students behave. (teacher)

16. No obligation
16
Doesn’t
have to
singular
No duty or
commitment
Don’t
have to
Plural
No
commitment
or duty

17. Examples:
17
• You don’t have to come to the funeral if you’re
not feeling well
• She doesn’t have to bring us gifts for her
presence is already enough.
• Carmela doesn’t have to review because she
knows it already.
• Learners don’t need to come to school every
Friday.

18. 18
Let’s review that,
shall we?
We shall!

19. 19
The FOUR types of modals are:
Permission Obligation
Prohibition No obligation

20. 20
PERMISSION
CAN
Least
formal
friends
COULD
More
formal
than can
Used for
acquainta
nce
Possibility
of
rejection
MAY
Most
formal
Authorities
,
academic
writings

21. 21
Prohibition
CAN’T
cannot
Not from
the
speaker,
but from
the law or
authority
MUSTN’T
Must not
From the
speaker

22. 22
OBLIGATION
HAS TO
Singular
Not from the
speaker, but
from the law
or authority
HAVE TO
Plural Not from the
speaker, but
from the law
or authority
MUST
From the
speaker

23. 23
NO
OBLIGATION
DOESN’T
HAVE TO
Singular
Not from the
speaker, but
from the law
or authority
DON’T
HAVE TO
Plural Not from the
speaker, but
from the law
or authority
MUST
From the
speaker

24. 24
1. has to be strong/ have to be strong
2. Could say/ can say
3. has/ must/ have
4. Must/has to
5. Must not/ cannot
6. Has to be/ have to be
7. Can suggest/may suggest
8. Can be/ must be
9. Could support/ can support
10. Must not/ cannot
11. May/can
12. Can’t do/ couldn’t do
13. Have to do/ has to do
14. May get rid/ can get rid
15. May make/ can make
Learning Task 4: Choose one to complete each item

25. 25
1. have to be strong
2. can say
3. have
4. Must
5. Must not
6. have to be
7. Can suggest
8. must be
9. can support
10. Must no
11. can
12. Can’t do
13. Have to do
14. can get rid
15. can make
Learning Task 4: Choose one to complete each item

26. 26
Learning Task 5:
Using the infographic from the World Health
Organization in page 11, create a dialogue between a
friend/partner on HOW TO TAKE CARE OF A
FAMILY MEMBER WHEN SUSPECTED OR
CONFIRMED COVID-19. Remember to use the
correct modals and verbs expression, obligation
permission or prohibition.
Perform the dialogue in front of the class.

27. 27
 Sing along with the whole class
by singing “Honestly” by Harem
Scarem
 On the second playing copy
study and analyze the different
modals used in the song.
• Analyze if the said modals
express permission, obligation or
prohibition.

28. 28

29. 29
Read and Answer Learning Task 8 in your
notebook by flowing the table below.
SENTENCE CONTAINING
MODAL
MODAL USED
WRITE PERMISSION,
OBLIGATION, OR
PROHIBITION
ACCORDING TO THEIR
USE.

30. PERFORMANCE TASK
30
 Group yourselves into 5.
 Each group will imagine that they were to hire an applicant for Ramirez and Robles
Express, an online shopping business that sells gadgets such as mobile phones,
laptops, tables and printers.
 You must prepare a simple one-year contract between the employer and the
applicant.
 In stating the conditions of the contract, they must use modals that express
permission, prohibition, and obligation/no obligation.
 This will be done in a manila paper.
 The contract should contain the following sections:
a. Salary
b. Benefits and Commission
c. Selling Policies
d. Pricing