The document discusses a seminar presentation on Magneto Optical Current Transformers (MOCT). It begins with an introduction on the need for accurate current transformers and limitations of conventional transformers. It then covers the principles and workings of MOCT, which uses the Faraday effect to measure current through a glass prism. The document outlines the design, block diagram, applications and advantages of MOCT over conventional transformers, such as immunity to electromagnetic interference. It concludes by stating MOCT eliminates many drawbacks of conventional current transformers.

1. The Seminar Topic is based
On
MAGNETO OPTICAL
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
Presented ByAishwarya Verma(0902011)

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 CT
purpose and Demerits
 MOCT- principle, design, working.
 MOCT block diagram
 Applications
 Pros and Cons
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION

An accurate electric current transformer
is a key component of any power
system instrumentation.

The MOCT measures the electric
current by means of Faraday Effect.

Conventional current transformers
becomes more and more bulky and
costly.
MOCT View

4. CT Purpose and Demerits
PURPOSE OF CT:
It feeds the current coils of indicating, metering
instruments and protective relays
Watch over the current’s in the circuit
DEMERITS OF CT:
The insulation structure has to be designed carefully to
avoid electrical field stress, which could eventually cause
insulation breakdown.
Less reliability

5. MOCT
MOCT measures the electric
current by means of
FARADAYS EFFECT.
Michael faraday discovered
that the orientation of linearly
polarized light was rotated
under the influence of the
magnetic field.

6. PRINCIPLE
“ The light propagated
in a piece of glass
and the rotation
angle was
proportional to the
intensity of the
magnetic field”.

7. MOCT-Principle
θ =nµVI
‘I ‘is the current to be measured,
‘µ’ is the permeability of the material,
‘n’ is the number of turns of the optical path.
 The Faraday effect outlined in eqn is a better
format to apply to an MOCT, because the rotation
angle in this case is directly related to the enclosed
electric current.
 It rejects the magnetic field signals due to external
currents which are normally quite strong in power
system.


9. P1 = (1 + Sin 2θ )P0/2
P2 = (1 - Sin 2θ )P0/2
P0 : optical power from the light source,
θ : the Faraday rotation angle,
P1 and P2 : optical power delivered by the
detectors.

10. DESIGN
1. The optical sensor consists of
two separate clamp-on parts.
2. Linearly polarized light is
arranged to pass through
the optical glass prism to
pickup the Faraday rotation
signal.
3. The polarization
compensation technique is
applied at each corner of the
prisms

11. WORKING

12. MAGNETO-OPTICAL
SENSOR
Almost all transparent material exhibits the magnetooptical effect or Faraday Effect, but the effect of some
of the material is very temperature dependent, and
they are not suitable for the sensing material.
MOCT made out of SF-57 materials can achieve
higher sensitivity.

13. BLOCK DIAGRAM

14. APPLICATION
The MOCT is designed to operate in a transparent
manner with modern electronic meters and digital
relays, which have been adopted for a low energy
analog signal interface.
The design approach is to redefine the interface point
as to input the analog to digital conversion function
used by each of these measurement systems.

15. Pros and Cons
PROS:
No risk of fires and explosions.
No need to use metallic wires to transfer the signal and
so simpler insulation structure than conventional
current transformer.
High immunity to electromagnetic interference.
CONS:
Temperature and stress induced linear birefringence
in the sensing material causes error and instability.

16. CONCLUSION
This magneto optical current transformer
eliminates many of the drawbacks of the
conventional current transformers.
In an conventional current transformers, there
is a chance of saturation of magnetic field
under high current, complicated insulation and
cooling structure, a chance of electro magnetic
interference .