This document summarizes key aspects of urban planning in Japan based on a learning session for the Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City. It describes Japan's hierarchical land use planning system with national, prefecture, and city levels. It provides an example of Hiroshima City's planning including its three legal boundaries, 12 zoning designations, and three types of urban development projects - land readjustment, new residential areas, and urban redevelopment. It also discusses general concepts in building control regulations and land readjustment systems in Japan.

1. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS)
Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy
Urban Planning in Japan
- Overview of General Legal Structure -
1

2. Learning Session for UBMPS
Topics
1.
What is the Japanese Urban
Planning Law stipulating ?
2.
An example in Hiroshima City
3.
Some Notes in Planning
Agenda
2

3. Learning Session for UBMPS
Topics
1.
What is the Japanese Urban
Planning Law stipulating ?
2.
An example in Hiroshima City
3.
Some Notes in Planning
Agenda
3

4. Learning Session for UBMPS
Hierarchical Land Use Planning
System
Constitution
National Land Use Policy
National Land
Use Planning
Act
Regional (Prefecture) Land Use Policy
City Land Use Plan & Urban Master Plan
Urban Planning
Act
Civil Law
Capital Region
Development
Law
Fire Defense
Law
Building
Code
Local
Ordinance
4

5. Learning Session for UBMPS
Overall Urban Planning System in
Japan
National Land Use Plan
(National-Level Plan)
s na Pl ev eL r epp U
l
National Land Use Plan
(Prefecture-Level Plan)
Master Plan for City Planning
Areas (by Prefecture Government)
Designation of “ City Planning Area ”
City Master Plan
City Basic
Principles
(by the Municipality)
Designation of
“ Urbanization Promotion Area ”
Land Use Regulations
- Zoning (Zones &
Districts)
- Special Districts, etc.
Urban Facilities
Roads, Parking, Parks,
Utilities Schools, Public
Services, Terminals, etc.
Urban Development
Projects
5

6. Learning Session for UBMPS
Land Use Regulations
Land Use Zone
1.
Exclusively Housing Zone for low-raise
Building (Class-1)
2.
Exclusively Housing Zone for low-raise
Building (Class-2)
3.
Exclusively Housing Zone for Medium- and
High-raise Building (Class-1)
4.
Exclusively Housing Zone for Medium- and
High-raise Building (Class-2)
5.
Housing Zone (Class-1)
6.
Housing Zone (Class-2)
7.
Semi-housing Zone
8.
Industrial Zone
12.
Exclusively Industrial Zone
Fire Prevention Zone (Secondary)
Parking Facilities Development Zone
Architectural Merit-Priority Zone
Natural Beauty Promotion Zone
Open Space Conservation Zone
Semi-Industrial Zone
11.
Fire Prevention Zone (Primary)
Commercial Zone
10.
Intensive Land Utilization Zone
Neighborhood Commercial Zone
9.
Policy Zone/District
Distribution Industry Zone
Harbor District
6

7. Learning Session for UBMPS
Urban Development Project

Land Readjustment Project

Urban Redevelopment Project

New Residential Area Development Project

New Town Infrastructure Development Project

Residential Block Development Project

Industrial Estate Development Project
The implementation of “Projects” are all guided by respective legal acts
7

8. Learning Session for UBMPS
Topics
1.
What is the Japanese Urban
Planning Law stipulating ?
2.
An example in Hiroshima City
3.
Some Notes in Planning
Agenda
8

9. Learning Session for UBMPS
City of Peace
“Hiroshima”
9

10. Learning Session for UBMPS
Three Legal Boundaries
Jurisdiction Boundary
Hiroshima
City
Urban Planning Area
Urban Promotion Area
10

11. Learning Session for UBMPS
Designated “Zoning
System”
12 Zones in total:
Housing = 7 Zones
Commercial = 2 Zones
Industrial = 3 Zones
11

12. Learning Session for UBMPS
Urban Development
Projects
Three (3) types of Projects:
(A) Land Readjustment Projects
(B) New Residential Area (New
Town) Development Projects
(C) Urban Redevelopment Projects
12

13. Learning Session for UBMPS
(A) Land Readjustment
Project
• The LRS project operates by adjusting the boundaries of land plots
in order to build roads, parks and utility service facilities, etc.
• This improves the value of residential property in the project area,
although this involves reduction of individuals’ land areas to share a
reserved land area.
• The reserved land shall be sold at market prices to cover the project
cost.
13

14. Learning Session for UBMPS
(B) Urban Redevelopment Project
An Urban Redevelopment
Project is undertaken where
land is not efficiently used,
where disaster prevention
measures are difficult with
environmental problems.
14

15. Learning Session for UBMPS
(C) New Residential Area (New
Town) Development Project
New Towns are developed as one of
urban planning projects which legally
designated in sub-urban 10~12 km far
from the center of City.
15

16. Learning Session for UBMPS
Integrated Urban Transport Network
Seamless Transport Network
16

17. Learning Session for UBMPS
Topics
1.
What is the Japanese Urban
Planning Law stipulating ?
2.
An example in Hiroshima City
3.
Some Notes in Planning
Agenda
17

18. Learning Session for UBMPS
Building Control
Building Area = A m2
Land Area = B m2
Total Floor Area = C m2
Height Control
C
“Building Control Regulations” :
B
A
(For instance)
Building Area Ratio (A/B) =< 40%
Floor Area Ratio (C/B) =< 300%
18

19. Learning Session for UBMPS
Building Height Control
Different Constraints are applies, depending upon zones
19

20. Learning Session for UBMPS
The Land Readjustment System
will be introduced ....
Thank you
20