This presentation discusses HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, also known as statins. It begins with an introduction to hyperlipidemia and its risk factors. It then discusses atorvastatin as the prototype statin drug, and provides examples of other statins. The presentation explains that statins work by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which lowers cholesterol synthesis and raises LDL receptor levels, reducing LDL cholesterol. Adverse effects can include increased liver enzymes, myopathy, and interactions with other drugs. The presentation concludes by thanking the audience.

1. PRESENTATION ON:
HMG COA Reductase inhibitor
Presented by: Under the guidence of
Dr.Mohd Mujahid SirMohammad Muztaba
M.pharm, Pharmacology
1st year
INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY,lucknow
session: 2016-2017

2. INTRODUCTION
Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipoproteinemia means abnormally
increased plasma lipoproteins-one of the risk factors for
atherosclerosis (deposition of fats at walls of arteries, forming
plaque)
Other risk factors-Cigarette smoking, Diabetes, another
source of oxidative stress. Also, obesity and, hypertension.
Hyperlipemia denotes increased
levels of triglycerides

3. HMG-CoA
Reductase Inhibitors
• Prototype drug: Atorvastatin

4. Pharmacologic class:
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Therapeutic class:
Lipid-lowering agents/statin
Pregnancy risk:
Pregnancy Category X
Contraindicated with pregnancy and lactation
due to its potential for adverse reactions on the
fetus or neonate

5. Examples include:
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) (Prototype)
Fluvastatin (Lescol)
Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Pitavastatin (Livalo)
Pravastatin (Pravachol)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

6.  HMG-CoA reductase is an
enzyme responsible for
cholesterol synthesis.
Inhibiting this enzyme will
lower the levels of serum
cholesterol and LDL levels, an
important element of
developing atherosclerosis,
and slightly increase HDL
levels, the “good cholesterol,”
due to the fat metabolism shift
(Karch, 2013, p. 788).
 This drug class is typically
used for treatment of
hyperlipidemia/hypercholester
olemia and to slow
progression of CAD

7. A- HMG –COA reductase inhibitors
(statins):
• Inhibit the first enzymatic step in cholesterol synthesis.
• Production of this enzyme and of LDL receptors is
transcriptionally regulated by the content of cholesterol in the
cell.
• -Simvastatin, lovastatin (prodrugs). Atorvastatin
&Rosuvastatin are the most potent.
• In 2009 the world statins market generated over $27bn in
revenues
• 2010 onwards, there will be major patent expires – most
notably for Lipitor-mfg by Pfizer, and rising competition from
generic alternatives.

8. Mechanism of action:(statins)
• Structural analogues of HMG –COA
reductase (the rate limiting enzyme
in cholesterol synthesis) → reduction
of cholesterol synthesis in liver →
compensatory ↑ in synthesis of
LDL receptors on hepatic and extra
hepatic tissues →Increase in hepatic
uptake of circulating LDL which
decreases plasma LDL cholesterol .
• - Decrease TGs to some extent and
↑ HDL.
• - Cardio protective: vasodilators and
decrease atherosclerosis (stabilize
plaque).
• Therapeutic uses:
• - Effective in all types of
hyperlipidemia except those who are
homozygous for familial
hypercholesterolemia (lack of LDL
receptors).
• Usually combined with other drugs.

9. Adverse effects
• 1- Increase in liver enzymes (serum
transaminases should be monitored
continuously ,CI in hepatic dysfunction).
• 2-Myopathy and muscle damageInhibits
the production of CoQ10, which is essential
for the creation of ATP (energy a cell uses).
• Muscle fatigue and weakness is caused by
the disruption of CoQ10 production(95%
source of ATP) and resulting lack of ATP
production-esp in heart, liver and kidney
which have the highest
CoQ10 concentrations.
• 3- Cataract and GIT upset.
• 4- Increase in warfarin levels.
• 5- CI in pregnancy and nursing mothers
(safety in pregnancy is not established),
lactation, children and teenagers.

11. 11

12. We hope you liked our presentation.
Thank you! 