Mixed methods research integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches to enhance understanding of complex phenomena. This design allows for simultaneous data collection and analysis, with specific methodologies including convergent parallel, explanatory, exploratory, and embedded designs. Researchers must evaluate their research questions and expertise to determine the appropriateness of mixed methods, as well as consider available resources and potential outcomes.

1. METHODS
MIXED
KNOWING THE WHATs, WHYs AND HOWs

2. PART 1
THE WHATs
THE NATURE OF MIXED METHODS

3. Mixed method in research is where
numbers and words meet to create
a more nuanced understanding of a
certain phenomenon

4. MIXED METHODS
Pertains to the research design that combines
qualitative and quantitative approaches in a
single study (Taderhoost, 2021)

5. MIXED METHODS
Mixed methods research combines elements
from both qualitative and quantitative
paradigms to produce converging findings in
the context of complex research questions
(Lingard et al., 2008)

6. In this mixed-method design, the researcher often gives
equal priority to both quantitative and qualitative data and
collects both data concurrently or simultaneously during
the study (Creswell, 2012), and the critical point the
researcher needs to be careful about is how to relate these
two different data sets since they are collected and
analyzed separately.
HOW IS IT USED?

7. PART 2
THE WHYs
THE PURPOSE OF MIXED METHODS

8. The approach helps to explain on
quantitative results with subsequent
qualitative data. Thus, it enhances a
study with a supplemental data set,
either quantitative or qualitative.
PURPOSE OF
MIXED METHOD

9. Mixed-method research emerged as a
third research method which involved
the use of both quantitative and
qualitative research methods for
research problems that cannot be
answered by a mono-method
perspective (Sahin & Ozturk, 2019).
PURPOSE OF
MIXED METHOD

10. PART 3
THE HOWs
THE TYPES OF MIXED METHODS

11. TYPES OF
MIXED METHODS

12. I
Cresswell (2012) proposed four types of mixed-method design that
can be utilized by research in structuring their studies:

13. TYPES OF MIXED
METHODS

14. CONVERGENT PARALLEL
The purpose of this type of research is to collect
and combine quantitative and qualitative data
simultaneously and report the findings of the
analysis to understand the research problem
better.

15. CONVERGENT PARALLEL
Example: Demystifying the Indigenous College Students’
Learning of English as Determined by Their Language
Learning Motivation

16. TYPES OF MIXED
METHODS

17. EXPLANATORY DESIGN
This design consists of first collecting quantitative
data and then collecting qualitative data to help
explain or elaborate on the quantitative results.

18. EXPLANATORY DESIGN
Example: The Effects of Technology Integration in
English Language Learning

19. TYPES OF MIXED
METHODS

20. EXPLORATORY DESIGN
In this type, the qualitative data is collected first
and then the quantitative data is collected to
explain the relationship among the qualitative
data.

21. EXPLORATORY DESIGN
Example: Elementary school staff perspectives on the
implementation of physical activity approaches in
practice

22. TYPES OF MIXED
METHODS

23. EMBEDDED DESIGN
The Embedded Design is a mixed methods design
in which one data set provides a supportive,
secondary role in a study based primarily on the
other data type (Creswell, Plano Clark, et al.,
2003).

24. EMBEDDED DESIGN
Example: Development of Written Expression Skills with
Flipped Learning Instruction

25. Mixed methods should be considered when your research
questions require both qualitative and quantitative data to
be fully addressed. For instance, if you need to explore not
only the prevalence of a phenomenon (quantitative) but
also the underlying reasons or experiences related to it
(qualitative), a mixed methods approach is ideal
(Taderhoost, 2021).
HOW DO WE KNOW WHEN
TO USE MIXED METHODS?

26. The choice of the approach depends on the researcher’s
philosophical orientation, type of knowledge sought (for
example, objective, factual or subjective information,
personal experiences, or both) and methods and strategies
used to obtain this knowledge (surveys and experiments
versus open-ended interviews and observations, or both).
HOW DO WE KNOW WHEN
TO USE MIXED METHODS?

27. Researchers should consider the research problem that
they want to study and evaluate their own expertise and
consider the quantitative and qualitative skills that they
possess. As such, consideration must also be given to the
available resources, such as the length of time available to
complete the study and funding resources (Cresswell et al.,
2003).
HOW DO WE KNOW WHEN
TO USE MIXED METHODS?

28. KEY ELEMENTS TO LOOK FOR
• Is the research question appropriate for mixed methods
or would a single method suffice?
• Is the relation among the methods clear in terms of their
sequence, priority, and integration?
• Does the discussion relate the findings to a complex
understanding of a multifaceted phenomenon?

29. REFERENCES
• Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: planning,
conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative
research. 4th edition, Boston: Pearson.
• Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M., & Hanson, W.
(2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A.
Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in
social and behavioral research (pp. 209–240). Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.
• Lingard, L., Albert, M., Levinson, W. (2008). Grounded theory,
mixed methods, and action research. BMJ. 337:a567. doi:
10.1136/bmj.39602.690162.47. PMID: 18687728.

30. REFERENCES
• Poth, C., & Munce, S. E. P. (2020). Commentary—Preparing
today’s researchers for a yet unknown tomorrow: Promising
practices for a synergistic and sustainable mentoring approach
to mixed methods research learning. International Journal of
Multiple Research Approaches, 12(1), 56-64.
doi:10.29034/ijmra.v12n1commentary
• Migiro and Magangi (2011). Mixed methods: A review of
literature and the future of the new research paradigm. African
Journal of Business Management Vol.5 (10), pp. 3757-3764.
10.5897/AJBM09.082

31. REFERENCES
• Şahin, M. D. & Öztürk, G. (2019). Mixed method research:
Theoretical foundations, designs and its use in educational
research. International Journal of Contemporary Educational
Research, 6(2), 301-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.574002
• Taherdoost, H. (2021). Handbook on Research Skills: The Essential
Step-By-Step Guide on How to Do a Research Project: Amazon
Kindle.

32. METHODS
MIXED
A PRESENTATION BY LLEWELLYN AND MEDENILLA