Mapping the EventBot Mobile Banking Trojan with MITRE ATTACK for MobileMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour November 2020
By Allie Mellen, Security Strategist, Office of the CSO, Cybereason
In this presentation from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on November 12, Allie discusses how the Cybereason research team uses both MITRE ATT&CK and MITRE ATT&CK for Mobile to map and communicate new malware to the larger security community. Teams use the MITRE ATT&CK framework to share techniques, tactics, and procedures with their team and the community at large. This knowledge base has been incredibly beneficial for the development of specific threat models and methodologies in the private sector, in government, and in the cybersecurity product and service community. Many of these uses have centered around traditional endpoints like laptops and workstations. However, the MITRE ATT&CK team has also created a cutting-edge portion of their framework: MITRE ATT&CK for Mobile.
One of the most recent pieces of malware they have found is EventBot, a mobile banking trojan that targets Android devices and the financial services applications on them, including popular apps like Paypal Business, Revolut, Barclays, UniCredit, CapitalOne UK, HSBC UK, Santander UK, TransferWise, Coinbase, paysafecard, and many more. In this talk, learn about this specific attack, intended targets, a timeline of the attack, and the MITRE ATT&CK for Mobile mapping. Learn why the Cybereason team map to MITRE ATT&CK and MITRE ATT&CK for Mobile and what benefits it has given them and their interactions with the community.
Tracking Noisy Behavior and Risk-Based Alerting with ATT&CKMITRE ATT&CK
From ATT&CKcon 3.0
By Haylee Mills, Splunk
Having ATT&CK to identify threats, prioritize data sources, and improve security posture has been a huge step forward for our industry, but how do we actualize those insights for better detection and alerting? By shifting to observations of behavior over one-to-one direct alerts, noisy datasets become valuable treasure troves with ATT&CK metadata. Additionally, we can begin to look at detection and threat hunting on behavior instead of users or systems. In this presentation, Haylee will discuss the shift in mindset and the nuts and bolts of detections that leverage this metadata in Splunk, but the concept can be applied with custom tools to any valuable security dataset.
Using MITRE PRE-ATTACK and ATTACK in Cybercrime Education and ResearchMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour October 2020
By:
Aunshul Rege, Associate Professor, Temple University, @prof_rege
Rachel Bleiman, PhD Student/NSF Graduate Research Assistant, Temple University, @rab1928
This presentation from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on October 9, 2020, explores the application of the MITRE ATT&CK® and PRE-ATT&CK matrices in cybercrime education and research. Specifically, Rege and Bleiman demonstrate the mapping of the PRE-ATT&CK matrix to social engineering case studies as an experiential learning project in an upper-level cybercrime liberal arts course. It thus allows students to understand the alignment process of threat intelligence to the PRE-ATT&CK framework and also learn about its usefulness/limitations. The talk also discusses the mapping of the ATT&CK matrix, tactics, techniques, software, and groups for two cybercrime datasets created by collating publicly disclosed incidents: (i) critical infrastructure ransomware (CIRW) incidents, and (ii) social engineering (SE) incidents. For the CIRW dataset, 39% of the strains mapped onto the ATT&CK software. For the SE dataset, 49% of the groups and 65% of the techniques map on to the MITRE framework. This helps the researchers identify the framework's usefulness/limitations and also helps our datasets connect to richer information that may not otherwise be available in the publicly disclosed incidents.
Sharpening your Threat-Hunting Program with ATTACK FrameworkMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour December 2020
By Hieu Tran, Threat Detection Team Lead FPT Cybersecurity Division
No matter how sophisticated and thorough your security precautions may be, you cannot assume your security measures are impenetrable. This is why you need a threat hunting program in place. But how can we implement a proper threat hunting program and run it efficiently? In this talk, we will uncover how to sharpen your threat hunting strategy by leveraging ATT&CK. Ultimately, we’ll be demonstrating how effectively employing the hunting methodology in the real-world battlefield, fighting against well-known cyber espionage actors who strongly focus on Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam, the Philippines, Laos, and Cambodia.
MITRE ATT&CKcon 2018: Summiting the Pyramid of Pain: Operationalizing ATT&CK,...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
Operationalizing the ATT&CK framework has enabled GE to deploy custom detection to evolving threat actor behaviors. By leveraging an in-house developed tool called TIAMAT (Tactical Intelligence Adversary Mapping and Analysis Tool) the ATT&CK framework is
incorporated into an end-to-end operational process from intelligence collection to customized detection deployment.
The designing of this new operational process is examined, and a use case presented of how examining a historical incident led to a new method of deploying detection based on ATT&CK and the detection of previously undiscovered activity. There is also a demo that walks the audience through the end-to-end process and explains TIAMATs capabilities.
From ATT&CKcon 3.0
By Matt Snyder, VMWare
Insider threats are some of the most treacherous and every organization is susceptible: it's estimated that theft of Intellectual Property alone exceeds $600 billion a year. Armed with intimate knowledge of your organization and masked as legitimate business, often these attacks go unnoticed until it's too late and the damage is done. To make matters worse, threat actors are now trying to lure employees with the promise of large paydays to help carry out attacks.
These advanced attacks require advanced solutions, and we are going to demonstrate how we are using the MITRE ATT&CK framework to proactively combat these threats. Armed with these tactics and techniques, we show you how to build intelligent detections to help secure even the toughest of environments.
Mapping the EventBot Mobile Banking Trojan with MITRE ATTACK for MobileMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour November 2020
By Allie Mellen, Security Strategist, Office of the CSO, Cybereason
In this presentation from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on November 12, Allie discusses how the Cybereason research team uses both MITRE ATT&CK and MITRE ATT&CK for Mobile to map and communicate new malware to the larger security community. Teams use the MITRE ATT&CK framework to share techniques, tactics, and procedures with their team and the community at large. This knowledge base has been incredibly beneficial for the development of specific threat models and methodologies in the private sector, in government, and in the cybersecurity product and service community. Many of these uses have centered around traditional endpoints like laptops and workstations. However, the MITRE ATT&CK team has also created a cutting-edge portion of their framework: MITRE ATT&CK for Mobile.
One of the most recent pieces of malware they have found is EventBot, a mobile banking trojan that targets Android devices and the financial services applications on them, including popular apps like Paypal Business, Revolut, Barclays, UniCredit, CapitalOne UK, HSBC UK, Santander UK, TransferWise, Coinbase, paysafecard, and many more. In this talk, learn about this specific attack, intended targets, a timeline of the attack, and the MITRE ATT&CK for Mobile mapping. Learn why the Cybereason team map to MITRE ATT&CK and MITRE ATT&CK for Mobile and what benefits it has given them and their interactions with the community.
Tracking Noisy Behavior and Risk-Based Alerting with ATT&CKMITRE ATT&CK
From ATT&CKcon 3.0
By Haylee Mills, Splunk
Having ATT&CK to identify threats, prioritize data sources, and improve security posture has been a huge step forward for our industry, but how do we actualize those insights for better detection and alerting? By shifting to observations of behavior over one-to-one direct alerts, noisy datasets become valuable treasure troves with ATT&CK metadata. Additionally, we can begin to look at detection and threat hunting on behavior instead of users or systems. In this presentation, Haylee will discuss the shift in mindset and the nuts and bolts of detections that leverage this metadata in Splunk, but the concept can be applied with custom tools to any valuable security dataset.
Using MITRE PRE-ATTACK and ATTACK in Cybercrime Education and ResearchMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour October 2020
By:
Aunshul Rege, Associate Professor, Temple University, @prof_rege
Rachel Bleiman, PhD Student/NSF Graduate Research Assistant, Temple University, @rab1928
This presentation from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on October 9, 2020, explores the application of the MITRE ATT&CK® and PRE-ATT&CK matrices in cybercrime education and research. Specifically, Rege and Bleiman demonstrate the mapping of the PRE-ATT&CK matrix to social engineering case studies as an experiential learning project in an upper-level cybercrime liberal arts course. It thus allows students to understand the alignment process of threat intelligence to the PRE-ATT&CK framework and also learn about its usefulness/limitations. The talk also discusses the mapping of the ATT&CK matrix, tactics, techniques, software, and groups for two cybercrime datasets created by collating publicly disclosed incidents: (i) critical infrastructure ransomware (CIRW) incidents, and (ii) social engineering (SE) incidents. For the CIRW dataset, 39% of the strains mapped onto the ATT&CK software. For the SE dataset, 49% of the groups and 65% of the techniques map on to the MITRE framework. This helps the researchers identify the framework's usefulness/limitations and also helps our datasets connect to richer information that may not otherwise be available in the publicly disclosed incidents.
Sharpening your Threat-Hunting Program with ATTACK FrameworkMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour December 2020
By Hieu Tran, Threat Detection Team Lead FPT Cybersecurity Division
No matter how sophisticated and thorough your security precautions may be, you cannot assume your security measures are impenetrable. This is why you need a threat hunting program in place. But how can we implement a proper threat hunting program and run it efficiently? In this talk, we will uncover how to sharpen your threat hunting strategy by leveraging ATT&CK. Ultimately, we’ll be demonstrating how effectively employing the hunting methodology in the real-world battlefield, fighting against well-known cyber espionage actors who strongly focus on Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam, the Philippines, Laos, and Cambodia.
MITRE ATT&CKcon 2018: Summiting the Pyramid of Pain: Operationalizing ATT&CK,...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
Operationalizing the ATT&CK framework has enabled GE to deploy custom detection to evolving threat actor behaviors. By leveraging an in-house developed tool called TIAMAT (Tactical Intelligence Adversary Mapping and Analysis Tool) the ATT&CK framework is
incorporated into an end-to-end operational process from intelligence collection to customized detection deployment.
The designing of this new operational process is examined, and a use case presented of how examining a historical incident led to a new method of deploying detection based on ATT&CK and the detection of previously undiscovered activity. There is also a demo that walks the audience through the end-to-end process and explains TIAMATs capabilities.
From ATT&CKcon 3.0
By Matt Snyder, VMWare
Insider threats are some of the most treacherous and every organization is susceptible: it's estimated that theft of Intellectual Property alone exceeds $600 billion a year. Armed with intimate knowledge of your organization and masked as legitimate business, often these attacks go unnoticed until it's too late and the damage is done. To make matters worse, threat actors are now trying to lure employees with the promise of large paydays to help carry out attacks.
These advanced attacks require advanced solutions, and we are going to demonstrate how we are using the MITRE ATT&CK framework to proactively combat these threats. Armed with these tactics and techniques, we show you how to build intelligent detections to help secure even the toughest of environments.
Slides presented. at Anomali Detect 19 by Katie Nickels and Adam Pennington in National Harbor, MD on "Turning Intelligence into Action with MITRE ATT&CK"
Talk on Kaspersky lab's CoLaboratory: Industrial Cybersecurity Meetup #5 with @HeirhabarovT about several ATT&CK practical use cases.
Video (in Russian): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulUF9Sw2T7s&t=3078
Many thanks to Teymur for great tech dive
TA505: A Study of High End Big Game Hunting in 2020MITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour October 2020
By Brandon Levene, Head of Applied Intelligence Google, @seraphimdomain
Opportunistically targeted ransomware deployments, aka Big Game Hunting (BGH), have caused a distinct disruption in the mechanics of monetizing crimeware compromises. This strategy has become the “end game” for the majority of organized cybercrime organizations, and one effect of this shift is the increased emphasis on enterprise-level targets. In this talk from the MITRE ATT&CKCon Power Hour session on October 9, 2020, Levene walks us through research about how a specific BGH threat actor pursues entry points, gains its foothold, pivots, and deploys payloads to maximize their financial gains with minimal effort - and infrastructure! You’ll walk away with an understanding of the latest BGH TTPs seen in enterprise environments, and how they map to the ATT&CK framework so you can build this research into your threat detection strategy and enhance your defenses.
MITRE ATT&CKcon 2018: Hunters ATT&CKing with the Data, Roberto Rodriguez, Spe...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
With the development of the MITRE ATT&CK framework and its categorization of adversary activity during the attack cycle, understanding what to hunt for has become easier and more efficient than ever. However, organizations are still struggling to understand how they can prioritize the development of hunt hypothesis, assess their current security posture, and develop the right analytics with the help of ATT&CK. Even though there are several ways to utilize ATT&CK to accomplish those goals, there are only a few that are focusing primarily on the data that is currently being collected to drive the success of a hunt program.
This presentation shows how organizations can benefit from mapping their current visibility from a data perspective to the ATT&CK framework. It focuses on how to identify, document, standardize and model current available data to enhance a hunt program. It presents an updated ThreatHunter-Playbook, a Kibana ATT&CK dashboard, a new project named Open Source Security Events Metadata known as OSSEM and expands on the “data sources” section already provided by ATT&CK on most of the documented adversarial techniques.
ATT&CKcon Power Hour - ATT&CK-onomics - gert-jan brugginkGert-Jan Bruggink
The objective of this talk is to inspire defensive strategies designed to impact cost incurred by adversaries to perform compromises. It explores targeting economic considerations when defending against techniques used by adversaries.
Diving into economics for adversaries to use or build certain techniques and tools over others. How can defenders defend against specific techniques by increasing the adversaries cost per intrusion. How can ATT&CK be used to make strategic risk management decisions.
MITRE ATT&CKcon 2018: Sofacy 2018 and the Adversary Playbook, Robert Falcone,...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
Unit 42 researches threat activity and publishes detailed reports on attack campaigns launched by these adversaries. One of these adversaries, known as Sofacy, has been carrying out attack campaigns on high profile targets for many years and has continued into 2018.
To understand how to defend against these threats, an analyst has to read our reports, process them and mentally map them to their defenses. In most cases we expect readers just "block" all of the indicators we include in the report and assume they are covered. Last year we started using ATT&CK to codify the techniques we observed, linking those techniques to indicator patterns and encoding them into STIX 2 objects, with the goal of creating something that a defender can use to answer the question: "How am I defending against this adversary?" We call these documents, "Adversary Playbooks" as they contain our best approximation of how the adversary launches their attacks.
This talk describes the concept of Adversary Playbooks, as well as provides an overview of the attack campaigns Unit 42 has attributed to the Sofacy group in 2018. It uses the discussed attacks to show how these playbooks are constructed and explain some of the challenges of incorporating ATT&CK and STIX 2 together for this purpose.
Measure What Matters: How to Use MITRE ATTACK to do the Right Things in the R...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour January 2021
By Daniel Wyleczuk-Stern, Senior Security Engineer, Snowflake
Cyber security is inherently a function of risk management. Risk management is the identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks followed by the effort to reduce those risks in a coordinated and economical manner (thanks wikipedia!). In this talk, Daniel will be going over some strategies for measuring and prioritizing your cyber risks using MITRE ATT&CK. He'll discuss some lessons learned in atomic testing of techniques vs attack chaining as well as what to measure and how to make decisions with that data.
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour November 2020
By Matt Snyder, Senior Threat Analytics Engineer, VMware
The market for Security products is flooded with vendors offering all sorts of solutions, and organizations are spending a record amount of money defending their environments. Nevertheless, an increasing number of breaches are reported each year, resulting in organizations spending millions of dollars to remediate them. The Security industry responds with more products, all offering to stop the next breach, and the cycle continues. In this presentation from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on November 12, 2020, Matt discusses what VMware is doing internally to address this fundamental flaw in the Security industry and how they are leveraging the MITRE ATT&CK framework to reshape how we think about security.
This lightning talk is a brief discussion around how PepsiCo is managing their ‘detection catalog’ and how it maps and is enhanced by the MITRE ATT&CK framework.
Evolution of Offensive Testing - ATT&CK-based Adversary Emulation PlansChristopher Korban
Talk about the evolution of security posture assessments, solving red team problems with ATT&CK-based Adversary Emulation Plans.
Conference: Art into Science - A Conference on Defense 2018
Presentation slides presented by Cody Thomas and Christopher Korban at x33fcon 2018 about how to jumpstart your purple teaming with the MITRE ATT&CK framework, and accompanying Adversary Emulation Plans
How BlueHat Cyber Uses SanerNow to Automate Patch Management and BeyondSecPod Technologies
It’s widely known that patch management is a major pain point for most businesses. IT teams struggle to keep systems patched and secure. Cyber-attacks are continuous and anti-virus protection alone isn’t effective.
Cyber hygiene best practices need to be followed to keep organizations secure and to prevent security breaches.
In this webinar, Chandrashekhar - SecPod’s Founder & CEO, Douglas Smith - BlueHat Cyber’s Senior Sales Director, and Greg Pottebaum - SecPod’s VP OEM & Strategic Alliances, demonstrate:
- How to efficiently reduce the cyber-attack surface of your business
- Simple strategies to improve your security management
- How Blue Hat Cyber uses SanerNow to automate patch management and secure their customer’s endpoints
Request a FREE Demo of SanerNow platform at:
www.secpod.com
About SecPod
SecPod is an endpoint security and management technology company. SecPod (Security Podium, incarnated as SecPod)
was founded in the year 2008. SecPod’s SanerNow platform and tools are used by MSPs and enterprises worldwide.
SecPod also licenses security technology to top security vendors through its SCAP Content Professional Feed.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/secpod/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/secp...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/SecPod
Email us at info@secpod.com to get more details on how to secure your organisation from cyber attacks.
How to Predict, Detect and Protect Against Mobile Cyber AttacksSkycure
Watch webinar recording: http://hubs.ly/H01l56L0
Join Brian Katz, director of mobile strategy at VMware, and Varun Kohli, vice president at Skycure, discuss how to:
- Get visibility into ALL mobile threats, vulnerabilities and attacks impacting your organization today
- Integrate Skycure with AirWatch to predict, detect, and protect against mobile cyber attacks
- Stop attacks before they make it to the enterprise by profiling good and bad device, app and user behaviors by leveraging crowd wisdom
Slides presented. at Anomali Detect 19 by Katie Nickels and Adam Pennington in National Harbor, MD on "Turning Intelligence into Action with MITRE ATT&CK"
Talk on Kaspersky lab's CoLaboratory: Industrial Cybersecurity Meetup #5 with @HeirhabarovT about several ATT&CK practical use cases.
Video (in Russian): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulUF9Sw2T7s&t=3078
Many thanks to Teymur for great tech dive
TA505: A Study of High End Big Game Hunting in 2020MITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour October 2020
By Brandon Levene, Head of Applied Intelligence Google, @seraphimdomain
Opportunistically targeted ransomware deployments, aka Big Game Hunting (BGH), have caused a distinct disruption in the mechanics of monetizing crimeware compromises. This strategy has become the “end game” for the majority of organized cybercrime organizations, and one effect of this shift is the increased emphasis on enterprise-level targets. In this talk from the MITRE ATT&CKCon Power Hour session on October 9, 2020, Levene walks us through research about how a specific BGH threat actor pursues entry points, gains its foothold, pivots, and deploys payloads to maximize their financial gains with minimal effort - and infrastructure! You’ll walk away with an understanding of the latest BGH TTPs seen in enterprise environments, and how they map to the ATT&CK framework so you can build this research into your threat detection strategy and enhance your defenses.
MITRE ATT&CKcon 2018: Hunters ATT&CKing with the Data, Roberto Rodriguez, Spe...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
With the development of the MITRE ATT&CK framework and its categorization of adversary activity during the attack cycle, understanding what to hunt for has become easier and more efficient than ever. However, organizations are still struggling to understand how they can prioritize the development of hunt hypothesis, assess their current security posture, and develop the right analytics with the help of ATT&CK. Even though there are several ways to utilize ATT&CK to accomplish those goals, there are only a few that are focusing primarily on the data that is currently being collected to drive the success of a hunt program.
This presentation shows how organizations can benefit from mapping their current visibility from a data perspective to the ATT&CK framework. It focuses on how to identify, document, standardize and model current available data to enhance a hunt program. It presents an updated ThreatHunter-Playbook, a Kibana ATT&CK dashboard, a new project named Open Source Security Events Metadata known as OSSEM and expands on the “data sources” section already provided by ATT&CK on most of the documented adversarial techniques.
ATT&CKcon Power Hour - ATT&CK-onomics - gert-jan brugginkGert-Jan Bruggink
The objective of this talk is to inspire defensive strategies designed to impact cost incurred by adversaries to perform compromises. It explores targeting economic considerations when defending against techniques used by adversaries.
Diving into economics for adversaries to use or build certain techniques and tools over others. How can defenders defend against specific techniques by increasing the adversaries cost per intrusion. How can ATT&CK be used to make strategic risk management decisions.
MITRE ATT&CKcon 2018: Sofacy 2018 and the Adversary Playbook, Robert Falcone,...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
Unit 42 researches threat activity and publishes detailed reports on attack campaigns launched by these adversaries. One of these adversaries, known as Sofacy, has been carrying out attack campaigns on high profile targets for many years and has continued into 2018.
To understand how to defend against these threats, an analyst has to read our reports, process them and mentally map them to their defenses. In most cases we expect readers just "block" all of the indicators we include in the report and assume they are covered. Last year we started using ATT&CK to codify the techniques we observed, linking those techniques to indicator patterns and encoding them into STIX 2 objects, with the goal of creating something that a defender can use to answer the question: "How am I defending against this adversary?" We call these documents, "Adversary Playbooks" as they contain our best approximation of how the adversary launches their attacks.
This talk describes the concept of Adversary Playbooks, as well as provides an overview of the attack campaigns Unit 42 has attributed to the Sofacy group in 2018. It uses the discussed attacks to show how these playbooks are constructed and explain some of the challenges of incorporating ATT&CK and STIX 2 together for this purpose.
Measure What Matters: How to Use MITRE ATTACK to do the Right Things in the R...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour January 2021
By Daniel Wyleczuk-Stern, Senior Security Engineer, Snowflake
Cyber security is inherently a function of risk management. Risk management is the identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks followed by the effort to reduce those risks in a coordinated and economical manner (thanks wikipedia!). In this talk, Daniel will be going over some strategies for measuring and prioritizing your cyber risks using MITRE ATT&CK. He'll discuss some lessons learned in atomic testing of techniques vs attack chaining as well as what to measure and how to make decisions with that data.
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour November 2020
By Matt Snyder, Senior Threat Analytics Engineer, VMware
The market for Security products is flooded with vendors offering all sorts of solutions, and organizations are spending a record amount of money defending their environments. Nevertheless, an increasing number of breaches are reported each year, resulting in organizations spending millions of dollars to remediate them. The Security industry responds with more products, all offering to stop the next breach, and the cycle continues. In this presentation from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on November 12, 2020, Matt discusses what VMware is doing internally to address this fundamental flaw in the Security industry and how they are leveraging the MITRE ATT&CK framework to reshape how we think about security.
This lightning talk is a brief discussion around how PepsiCo is managing their ‘detection catalog’ and how it maps and is enhanced by the MITRE ATT&CK framework.
Evolution of Offensive Testing - ATT&CK-based Adversary Emulation PlansChristopher Korban
Talk about the evolution of security posture assessments, solving red team problems with ATT&CK-based Adversary Emulation Plans.
Conference: Art into Science - A Conference on Defense 2018
Presentation slides presented by Cody Thomas and Christopher Korban at x33fcon 2018 about how to jumpstart your purple teaming with the MITRE ATT&CK framework, and accompanying Adversary Emulation Plans
How BlueHat Cyber Uses SanerNow to Automate Patch Management and BeyondSecPod Technologies
It’s widely known that patch management is a major pain point for most businesses. IT teams struggle to keep systems patched and secure. Cyber-attacks are continuous and anti-virus protection alone isn’t effective.
Cyber hygiene best practices need to be followed to keep organizations secure and to prevent security breaches.
In this webinar, Chandrashekhar - SecPod’s Founder & CEO, Douglas Smith - BlueHat Cyber’s Senior Sales Director, and Greg Pottebaum - SecPod’s VP OEM & Strategic Alliances, demonstrate:
- How to efficiently reduce the cyber-attack surface of your business
- Simple strategies to improve your security management
- How Blue Hat Cyber uses SanerNow to automate patch management and secure their customer’s endpoints
Request a FREE Demo of SanerNow platform at:
www.secpod.com
About SecPod
SecPod is an endpoint security and management technology company. SecPod (Security Podium, incarnated as SecPod)
was founded in the year 2008. SecPod’s SanerNow platform and tools are used by MSPs and enterprises worldwide.
SecPod also licenses security technology to top security vendors through its SCAP Content Professional Feed.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/secpod/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/secp...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/SecPod
Email us at info@secpod.com to get more details on how to secure your organisation from cyber attacks.
How to Predict, Detect and Protect Against Mobile Cyber AttacksSkycure
Watch webinar recording: http://hubs.ly/H01l56L0
Join Brian Katz, director of mobile strategy at VMware, and Varun Kohli, vice president at Skycure, discuss how to:
- Get visibility into ALL mobile threats, vulnerabilities and attacks impacting your organization today
- Integrate Skycure with AirWatch to predict, detect, and protect against mobile cyber attacks
- Stop attacks before they make it to the enterprise by profiling good and bad device, app and user behaviors by leveraging crowd wisdom
Security Opening Keynote Address: Security Drives DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION in...CA Technologies
Without security, Digital Transformation cannot be successful. Opening organizational boundaries and providing crucial information to the right people at the right time requires the right controls and a new security model is needed. Identities are at the heart of this transformation. In this presentation, Steve Firestone (GM, CA Security) will show how security is an essential component to the CA strategy for Digital Transformation and how organizations can use the power of Identities to drive their business forward.
For more information, please visit http://cainc.to/Nv2VOe
Stay safe, grab a drink and join us virtually for our upcoming "GenAI Risks & Security" Meetup to
hear about how to uncover critical GenAI risks and vulnerabilities, AI security considerations in every company, and how a CISO should navigate
through GenAI Risks.
Webinar | Cybersecurity vulnerabilities of your business - Berezha Security G...Berezha Security Group
After the completeness of over 50 Penetration Testing and Application Security projects during the 2020 year and many more since 2014, the BSG team shares its expertise in finding security vulnerabilities across many business verticals and industries.
On the webinar, we will talk about:
1. Typical threat model of a modern business organization.
2. How the COVID-19 pandemic has changed that threat model?
3. What is Threat Modeling, and how it works for the BSG clients?
4. What is DARTS and how we secure sensitive customer data?
5. What is the BSG Web Application Pentester Training and why?
6. Top 10 critical cybersecurity vulnerabilities we found in 2020.
We help our customers address their future security challenges: prevent data breaches and achieve compliance.
*Slides - English language
*Webinar - Ukrainian language
The link on the webinar: https://youtu.be/fkdafStSgZE
BSG 2020 Business Outcomes and Security Vulnerabilities Report: https://bit.ly/bsg2020report
Contact details:
https://bsg.tech
hello@bsg.tech
How policymakers can fulfill promises of security for cloud services - SEP205...Amazon Web Services
This session is an opportunity for regulators and policymakers to share their knowledge about addressing cultural, organizational, policy, and regulatory hurdles with the security of cloud services for organizations in regulated industries (e.g., Healthcare, Financial Services, and Telecommunications). Presenters walk you through their experiences with adopting cloud services and the ways that they establish the environment in relation to policy to ensure that their specific criteria and requirements for security are addressed.
Introduction to the Current Threat LandscapeMelbourne IT
Do you know what threats are lurking in the shadows? Have you been compromised without even knowing about it? Most companies don't even know if their business has been subjected to attacks and even worse, may have lost sensitive data without knowing about it until it’s too late.
The latest vulnerabilities highlight the extent and depth that hackers are adopting to steal your content or destroy trust in your brand. Our industry experts joining us for the presentation have a wealth of experience in robust security strategies and will be discussing the current online threat landscape, the most prominent approaches to security breaches and what you need to consider to protect your online presence from any potential malicious attacks.
About Melbourne IT:
Melbourne IT Enterprise Services designs, builds and operates custom cloud solutions for Australia’s leading enterprises. Its expert staff help enterprises solve business challenges and build cultures that enable organisations to use technology investments efficiently to improve long-term value. With more than 15 years’ experience in delivering managed outcomes to Australian enterprises, Melbourne IT has been long associated with enabling success. Its certified cloud, consulting, and security experts repeatedly deliver results. Many of the brands you already know and trust rely on Melbourne IT. For more information, visit www.melbourneitenterprise.com.au
How to protect, detect, and respond to your threats.
This is an MSP centric talk exploring how to detect, protect, and respond to cyber security threats. We first walk through the cyber defense matrix, explore what security intelligence needs to be and emphasize the concepts with two case studies of BlackCat.
Seceon 2023 Cybersecurity Predictions by Seceon Thought Leadership - Seceon.pptxCompanySeceon
Seceon focus on leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to identify and counter sophisticated and stealthy cyberattacks, as well as using AI and ML to generate advanced cyber threats. Call Us: +1 (978)-923-0040
Traditionally, technology governance has required long, detailed documents and hours of work for IT managers, security or audit professionals, and administrators. Automating governance on AWS offers a better way. AWS services modernize technology governance by enshrining policy into code and embedding security guardrails at the development level, to provide reliable policy implementation and allow for continuous and real-time auditing capabilities. Leave this session with a better understanding of the benefits of automating technology governance and managing security and compliance with AWS.
Presenter: John McDonald, Financial Services Compliance Specialist, AWS
Symantec Webinar | How to Detect Targeted Ransomware with MITRE ATT&CKSymantec
Experts from Symantec and MITRE explore the latest research and best practices for detecting targeted ransomware in your environment.
Watch on-demand webinar here: https://symc.ly/2L7ESFI.
Cyber Security Management in a Highly Innovative WorldSafeNet
Cyber attacks are reaching pandemic levels. State-sponsored groups and organized crime are successfully stealing valuable intellectual property—including critical infrastructure and operational readiness information, businesses’ and consumers’ financial data—often without anyone realizing the attack has occurred!
But preparedness cannot be delegated solely to the IT department. The involvement of the entire enterprise, armed with an understanding of the highly dynamic landscape, is vital for warding off potential threats.
Author: David Etue, VP of CorpDev Strategy, SafeNet
Watch the webcast on demand: https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/6319/75109
GISEC 2015 Your Network in the Eyes of a Hacker - DTS SolutionShah Sheikh
Mohamed Bedewi, Offense Security Division Head and Sr. Penetration Testing Consultant at DTS presented also during one of the security sessions titled - "Your Network in the Eyes of a Hacker – The 0ff3ns!v3 Version" which raised a few eyebrows to say the least. The presentation slides can be found here….
Surviving the lions den - how to sell SaaS services to security oriented cust...Moshe Ferber
Passing through the Lion’s den – How to sell cloud services to security guys:
Pitching your SaaS offering is usually fun, until the security guys walks into the room as anyone who try to promote cloud services to organizations probably knows. On the other hand, for the CISO, sometimes cloud vendors represent the sum of all their greatest fears.
So, how can providers of cloud based software do better job in satisfying those gate keepers? Learn to speak their language and understand their terminology and way of thinking. In this presentation we will walk through the do’s and don’ts when pitching to information security professionals, and try to better understand their motivation and how to address their concerns.
This presentation is an introduction to a workshop providing better tools for cloud based companies to overcome challenges when selling their offering.
Similar to MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour - November (20)
ATTACKers Think in Graphs: Building Graphs for Threat IntelligenceMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour January 2021
By Valentine Mairet, Security Researcher, McAfee
The MITRE ATT&CK framework is the industry standard to dissect cyberattacks into used techniques. At McAfee, all attack information is disseminated into different categories, including ATT&CK techniques. What results from this exercise is an extensive repository of techniques used in cyberattacks that goes back many years. Much can be learned from looking at historical attack data, but how can we piece all this information together to identify new relationships between threats and attacks? In her recent efforts, Valentine has embraced analyzing ATT&CK data in graphical representations. One lesson learned is that it is not just about merely mapping out attacks and techniques used into graphs, but the strength lies in applying different algorithms to answer specific questions. In this presentation, Valentine will showcase the results and techniques obtained from her research journey using graph and graph algorithms.
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour January 2021
By Adam Pennington, ATT&CK Lead, MITRE
Adam leads ATT&CK at The MITRE Corporation and collected much of the intelligence leveraged in creating ATT&CK’s initial techniques. He has spent much of his 12 years with MITRE studying and preaching the use of deception for intelligence gathering. Prior to joining MITRE, Adam was a researcher at Carnegie Mellon’s Parallel Data Lab and earned his BS and MS degrees in Computer Science and Electrical and Computer Engineering as well as the 2017 Alumni Service Award from Carnegie Mellon University. Adam has presented and published in a number of venues including FIRST CTI, USENIX Security and ACM Transactions on Information and System Security.
ATTACK-Onomics: Attacking the Economics Behind Techniques Used by AdversariesMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour January 2021
By Gert-Jan Bruggink, Defensive Specialist, FalconForce
Adversaries are humans as well. They have objectives, deadlines and resources for programming.
In a sense, very similar to corporations grounded in the economics of effort vs time vs results. Now understanding techniques is one thing, taking it a step further and understanding what the economic impact is of using certain techniques is another. Developing tools takes time. For example, developing a custom process injection module might take days or weeks to develop, where using an open source tool could prevent extensive development costs incurred.
This talk explores the economic considerations for defending against techniques used by adversaries. It explores fundamental considerations all referenced to MITRE’s ATT&CK framework. The objective of this talk is to inspire defensive strategies designed to impact cost incurred by adversaries to perform compromises.
Using ATTACK to Create Cyber DBTS for Nuclear Power PlantsMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour December 2020
By Jacob Benjamin, Principal Industrial Consultant Dragos, INL, & University of Idaho
Design Basis Threat (DBT) is concept introduced by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). It is a profile of the type, composition, and capabilities of an adversary. DBT is the key input nuclear power plants use for the design of systems against acts of radiological sabotage and theft of special nuclear material. The NRC expects its licensees, nuclear power plants, to demonstrate that they can defend against the DBT. Currently, cyber is included in DBTs simply as a prescribed list of IT centric security controls. Using MITRE’s ATT&CK framework, Cyber DBTs can be created that are specific to the facility, its material, or adversary activities.
Helping Small Companies Leverage CTI with an Open Source Threat MappingMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour December 2020
By Valentina Palacín, Sr. Cyber Threat Intelligence Analyst
No one can deny the tremendous impact that ATT&CK had on the cybersecurity industry, nor the usefulness of having a good Threat Library at your disposal. But the question Valentina gets asked over and over by people from small companies is always the same: “How could I leverage threat intelligence using ATT&CK with limited time and resources?” And so far, there hasn't been a good answer. That’s why she decided to come up with the Threat Mapping Catalogue (TMC), a tool that combines the power of the mappings already available in the ATT&CK website, TRAM and the ATT&CK Navigator, to better process, consume and incorporate new mappings while organizing them around different categories.
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour December 2020
By Otis Alexander, Principal Cybersecurity Engineer, MITRE
Otis Alexander is a Principal Cyber Security Engineer at the MITRE Corporation and has worked in the areas of security engineering and research, analytic development, and adversary modeling and emulation. Otis is a co-creator of ATT&CK for ICS and has been leading the project since its inception. He also leads an effort to bring MITRE ATT&CK Evaluations to ICS security vendors providing anomaly and threat detection solutions. He advocates for network and host visibility in operational technology environments to increase the situational awareness of defenders.
From Theory to Practice: How My ATTACK Perspectives Have ChangedMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour December 2020
By Katie Nickels, Director of Intelligence, Red Canary
Good analysts (and good human beings) change their minds based on new information. In this presentation, Katie will share how her perspectives on ATT&CK have changed since moving from ATT&CK team member to ATT&CK end-user. She will discuss how her ideas about coverage, procedures, and detection creation have evolved and why those perspectives matter. Katie will also share practical examples from observed threats to help explain the nuances of her perspectives. Attendees should expect to leave this presentation with a better understanding of how to handle challenges they’re likely to face when navigating their own ATT&CK journey.
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour November 2020
By:
Jamie Williams, Lead Cyber Adversarial Engineer, MITRE
Mike Hartley, Lead Cybersecurity Engineer, MITRE
In this presentation from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on November 12, 2020 Jamie Williams and Mike Hartley from MITRE discuss the process for merging PRE-ATT&CK and adding two new tactics to Enterprise ATT&CK – Reconnaissance and Resource Development.
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour November 2020
By Anthony Randazzo, Global Response Lead, Expel
The team at Expel has been migrating to the cloud for the last 10 years, but as usual, security has lagged behind. Which means we don't have a comprehensive detection and response framework for cloud like we do with the Enterprise ATT&CK matrix. Cloud has evolved into a complex beast as technologies and concepts – like Infrastructure As Code, Containers, Kubernetes and so forth – have emerged. These new attack surfaces have been added that introduce additional challenges to detection and response in our cloud environments. We don't know what we don't know about attack life cycles in the cloud. In this presentation from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on November 12, 2020, Anthony shares some interesting lessons learned so far when it comes to finding bad guys in the cloud.
Transforming Adversary Emulation Into a Data Analysis QuestionMITRE - ATT&CKcon
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour October 2020
By Matan Hart, Co-Founder & CEO Cymptom @machosec
Adversary emulation is commonly used to validate security controls and is considered one of the most popular use-cases for the ATT&CK framework. However, emulating adversary TTPs on production environments is often very limited in testing scope and frequency, and such practice may cause unwanted business disruption. In this talk from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on October 9, 2020, Hart presents a different approach to testing controls against ATT&CK. He demonstrates how it is possible to provide data-based methods to evaluate the exploitability of ATT&CK techniques by gathering information from the network, endpoint, and services; this unique approach does not emulate any sort of malicious action, thus reducing the potential of causing business disruption to the minimum. Hart also outlines a new open-source guideline based on ATT&CK mitigations, that security teams can use to assess their security posture non-intrusively and at scale.
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour October 2020
By Jen Burns, Lead Cybersecurity Engineer, MITRE, @snarejen
Jen Burns is a Lead Cybersecurity Engineer at MITRE and the Lead for MITRE ATT&CK® for Cloud. She’s also a red team developer and lead for ATT&CK Evaluations, using her skills in software engineering and adversary emulation. Previously, she was a tech lead at HubSpot on the Infrastructure Security team where she focused on red teaming and building detections in the cloud environment. This presentation is from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session held on October 9, 2020.
From MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour - October
By Brian Donohue, Security Evangelist, Red Canary, @thebriandonohue
In early 2018, Red Canary adopted MITRE ATT&CK as the common language that they would use to categorize threats, measure detection coverage, and communicate about malicious behaviors. In the intervening years, they’ve relied on the framework to develop open source tools like Atomic Red Team and help security teams prioritize their defensive efforts with blogs and our annual Threat Detection Report.
In early 2020, MITRE announced that ATT&CK would be expanding its original taxonomy of tactics and techniques to include sub-techniques. In the months that followed MITRE's announcement, Red Canary’s research, intelligence, and detection engineering teams painstakingly remapped their library of thousands of behavioral analytics to sub-techniques. In doing so, they improved their correlational logic, experimented with the idea of conditional technique mapping, and, unfortunately, rendered the 2020 Threat Detection Report out-of-date.
In this talk from the MITRE ATT&CKcon Power Hour session on October 9, 2020, Brian discusses how refactoring for sub-techniques offered us the opportunity to apply all the lessons learned in more than two years of operationalizing ATT&CK. He also explores how Red Canary has remodeled its ATT&CK mapping to allow for added flexibility and human input and shows what happens when the Red Canary applied their new sub-technique mappings to the 2020 Threat Detection Report.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
10. INITIAL ACCESS PERSISTENCE
DEFENSE
EVASION
CREDENTIAL
ACCESS
DISCOVERY COLLECTION EXFILTRATION C2
T1476: Deliver
Malicious App via
Other Means
T1402: App Auto-
Start at Device
Boot
T1444: Masquerade
as Legitimate
Application
T1412: Capture
SMS Messages
T1418:
Application
Discovery
T1056: Input
Capture
T1532: Data
Encrypted
T1521: Standard
Cryptographic
Protocol
T1461: Lockscreen
Bypass
T1508: Suppress
Application Icon
T1417: Input
Capture
T1426: System
Information
Discovery
T1413: Access
Sensitive Data in
Device Logs
T1437: Standard
Application Layer
Protocol
T1407: Download
New Code at
Runtime
T1409: Access
Stored
Application Data
T1516: Input
Injection
MITRE ATT&CK FOR MOBILE TECHNIQUES
11. NOCTURNUS RESEARCH: EVENTBOT
Unsuspecting User
Downloads Application
Masquerading as Legitimate
INITIAL ACCESS
CONTROL
Gets Control of
Accessibility Features,
Begins to Run in the
Background
Collects Reconnaissance
Information Like Device
Info and the Names of
Android Packages
DISCOVERY
COLLECTION
Tracks the Device PIN
and Collects Financial
Information, Personal
Data, Keystrokes, and
Passwords
Exfiltrates Collected Data
to its C2 Server
EXFILTRATION
BYPASS
Steals SMS Messages to
Bypass 2FA
33. What’s a MITRE With
Your Security?
VMware’s Use of MITRE
ATT&CK
Matt Snyder
November 2020
34. Sr. Threat Analytics Engineer
• 15+ Years in IT/Security.
• In 2013, I was on the Incident Response team
during one the 1st major Credit Card breaches.
• I’ve built many SecOps programs over the last 10
years.
• I’ve been at VMware for 3+ years, and it’s a great
place to work!
Matt Snyder
Speaker Introduction
35. Agenda
Leveraging MITRE ATT&CK
•What logs do you need for
security monitoring?
•How do you build balanced
alerting?
•Evaluating New Security Tools
36.
37. Fundamental Flaw in Operationalizing Security
Stuck in Survivor Bias mode…
o Most companies’ security
planning is done around
breaches/incidents they or
their peers in the industry
have had.
o This leads to target fixation
and wasting resources.
o Prevents proactive
detection of new threats.
42. Now You Are Logging with Focus…
By mapping our logging requirements with
MITRE and CIS, we can articulate what we need,
why we need it, and how to enable the proper
level of logging.
- Reduce the guess work
- Minimize the impact on the service owners, no
more back and forth or asking for more logs
- Reduce gaps in logs that would allow and
incident to go undetected
- Help educate service owners to the threats out
there
45. Alerts with Meaning
Allows you to see a clearer picture of what’s
happening in your environment.
- What tactics and techniques are being
discovered
- Able to better understand your risk profile and
where compensating controls are needed
- Test areas that no detections are being found
- Gives you the freedom to do things like risk-
based alerting, where you can take lower
fidelity events and chain them together to see
a much clearer picture of an attack.
46. Tracking Maturity and Growth
Starting Out
- Aligning with ATT&CK gives us targets
to track against
- Helps us set what is a priority and
ensure that those priorities make
sense
- Allows you to see in one place where
gaps exist.
47. Tracking Maturity and Growth
Future Check-In
- Over time, you can see your growth
and evaluate how that matches your
needs.
- Help reduce scope creep in your
alerting (ATT&CK are things that exist
in the wild and not hypothetical)
- Help track the work being done and
ensure you aren’t stacking alerts in
certain areas
48. Evaluating New SecurityTools
As seen on tv….
- With ATT&CK, we can focus on
specific deliverables that are
measurable and based on real
world attacks
- Helps to identify those 1 hit
wonder vendors that don’t offer a
well-rounded portfolio