multi mission radar (MMR) - EL/M-2084 FOR IRON DOME
from IAI MELTA
for more detailed info. visit -::-
http://hossamozein.blogspot.com/2011/10/iron-dome.html
This document discusses the evolution and components of phased array radar technology. It begins by describing conventional radar systems and then introduces passive and active phased array radars, which use phase shifters and attenuators instead of mechanical movement to steer radar beams electronically. Key components of phased array radars include transmit/receive modules, digital beamforming, and GaN devices. The document outlines applications for weather surveillance and discusses multi-function phased array radars.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication and communication channels. It discusses:
- The basic concepts of communication including the transfer of information between a transmitter and receiver via a communication channel.
- The different types of communication channels including twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, terrestrial microwave, satellite communication, and broadcast radio. Each channel has different transmission characteristics and costs.
- Wireless communication which transmits voice and data using electromagnetic waves without wires, providing freedom, global coverage, and flexibility.
- Cellular systems which use frequency reuse to improve efficiency and serve more subscribers using a limited radio spectrum by dividing coverage into cells and reusing frequencies beyond each cell.
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
Ultra Wide-Band Technology (UWB) is a short-range, high-bandwidth communications technology that can be used for data transfer, imaging, and localization applications. UWB operates by transmitting very short pulses across a wide frequency band with low power. Key applications of UWB include high-speed wireless communications and high-resolution radar and imaging systems. Standardization efforts have developed standards for UWB personal area networks, and UWB offers advantages like high data rates and secure transmission, but also faces limitations from its low-power emissions.
The document discusses various aspects of radio wave propagation. It explains that radio waves travel through the ionosphere and can be refracted back to Earth, allowing long distance communication. The ionosphere consists of several layers (D, E, F1, F2) that reflect radio waves of different frequencies depending on factors like solar activity and time of day. Radio propagation involves line-of-sight transmission as well as skywave propagation via reflection/refraction from ionospheric layers, which can allow signals to hop or skip distances beyond the horizon through multiple reflections. Absorption, fading, and noise affect signal strength over distance.
Radar was invented in the early 1900s and applied during World War II to detect aircraft. The basic principles of radar involve transmitting electromagnetic signals that are reflected off targets and detected. A typical radar system includes a transmitter, antenna, receiver, and display. The radar range equation relates key variables such as transmitted power, wavelength, target radar cross-section, and system losses to the maximum detectable range. Integration of multiple radar returns can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and increase detection range.
Polarization describes the orientation of an antenna's electric field. There are several types of polarization: vertical, horizontal, and circular polarization radiate linearly, while elliptical polarization is a mix of linear and circular. Different polarization types are used for different applications - vertical polarization radiates well in all directions for mobile devices, horizontal is commonly used for television to avoid interference, and circular polarization is ideal for satellite communications since it maintains signal integrity despite environmental anomalies.
This document discusses microwave communication and factors involved in microwave link design. It describes microwave communication as utilizing radio frequencies between 2-60 GHz for communication. Key factors in microwave link design include line-of-sight considerations, loss and attenuation calculations, fading predictions, and ensuring sufficient fade margin. Proper microwave link design is an iterative process that considers propagation losses, interference analysis, and ensuring quality and availability requirements are met.
This document discusses the evolution and components of phased array radar technology. It begins by describing conventional radar systems and then introduces passive and active phased array radars, which use phase shifters and attenuators instead of mechanical movement to steer radar beams electronically. Key components of phased array radars include transmit/receive modules, digital beamforming, and GaN devices. The document outlines applications for weather surveillance and discusses multi-function phased array radars.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication and communication channels. It discusses:
- The basic concepts of communication including the transfer of information between a transmitter and receiver via a communication channel.
- The different types of communication channels including twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, terrestrial microwave, satellite communication, and broadcast radio. Each channel has different transmission characteristics and costs.
- Wireless communication which transmits voice and data using electromagnetic waves without wires, providing freedom, global coverage, and flexibility.
- Cellular systems which use frequency reuse to improve efficiency and serve more subscribers using a limited radio spectrum by dividing coverage into cells and reusing frequencies beyond each cell.
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
Ultra Wide-Band Technology (UWB) is a short-range, high-bandwidth communications technology that can be used for data transfer, imaging, and localization applications. UWB operates by transmitting very short pulses across a wide frequency band with low power. Key applications of UWB include high-speed wireless communications and high-resolution radar and imaging systems. Standardization efforts have developed standards for UWB personal area networks, and UWB offers advantages like high data rates and secure transmission, but also faces limitations from its low-power emissions.
The document discusses various aspects of radio wave propagation. It explains that radio waves travel through the ionosphere and can be refracted back to Earth, allowing long distance communication. The ionosphere consists of several layers (D, E, F1, F2) that reflect radio waves of different frequencies depending on factors like solar activity and time of day. Radio propagation involves line-of-sight transmission as well as skywave propagation via reflection/refraction from ionospheric layers, which can allow signals to hop or skip distances beyond the horizon through multiple reflections. Absorption, fading, and noise affect signal strength over distance.
Radar was invented in the early 1900s and applied during World War II to detect aircraft. The basic principles of radar involve transmitting electromagnetic signals that are reflected off targets and detected. A typical radar system includes a transmitter, antenna, receiver, and display. The radar range equation relates key variables such as transmitted power, wavelength, target radar cross-section, and system losses to the maximum detectable range. Integration of multiple radar returns can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and increase detection range.
Polarization describes the orientation of an antenna's electric field. There are several types of polarization: vertical, horizontal, and circular polarization radiate linearly, while elliptical polarization is a mix of linear and circular. Different polarization types are used for different applications - vertical polarization radiates well in all directions for mobile devices, horizontal is commonly used for television to avoid interference, and circular polarization is ideal for satellite communications since it maintains signal integrity despite environmental anomalies.
This document discusses microwave communication and factors involved in microwave link design. It describes microwave communication as utilizing radio frequencies between 2-60 GHz for communication. Key factors in microwave link design include line-of-sight considerations, loss and attenuation calculations, fading predictions, and ensuring sufficient fade margin. Proper microwave link design is an iterative process that considers propagation losses, interference analysis, and ensuring quality and availability requirements are met.
A comprehensive study on wearable textile antenna.
textile antennas are those which uses textile materials as substrate. It is flexible and widely used for wireless body area network applications.
This document discusses electronic warfare (EW), its subdivisions, history and impact. EW involves using the electromagnetic spectrum to control it, attack enemies, or impede enemy assaults. It has three subdivisions: electronic attack (EA), electronic protection (EP), and electronic support (ES). EA uses jamming to neutralize enemies, while EP protects against EA. ES involves detecting and locating electromagnetic sources. EW has revolutionized warfare by making most modern military operations reliant on electromagnetic systems. It has played a major role in many conflicts throughout history in expanding battlespaces and creating more transparent battlefields that enhance decision-making cycles and capabilities across all terrains. The document outlines India's developments in EW and calls for further
5G networks will require new architectures and algorithms to achieve the high speeds and low latencies required. Massive MIMO with hundreds of antennas enables high-gain beamforming through narrow beams. Hybrid beamforming partitions beamforming between digital and RF domains to reduce costs. Behavioral simulation allows evaluation of antenna array and algorithm interactions to optimize performance.
This document provides an introduction and refresher on decibels (dB), which are commonly used to measure power levels, voltages, noise figures, and other quantities. It explains the definition of dB, what dBm means, and the difference between voltage dB and power dB. The document also covers how to convert between dB and percentage values and how to perform calculations when adding or comparing dB quantities. It aims to help engineers better understand and apply the dB scale in their work.
ULTRA WIDE BAND TECHNOLOGY
BODY AREA NETWORKS
BW ³ 500 MHz regardless of fractional BW
UWB is a form of extremely wide spread spectrum where RF energy is spread over gigahertz of spectrum
Wider than any narrowband system by orders of magnitude
Power seen by a narrowband system is a fraction of the total UWB power
UWB signals can be designed to look like imperceptible random noise to conventional radios
Wireless communication technologies allow for mobility and flexibility through radio signals rather than wired connections. They include technologies like Bluetooth, WiFi, wireless LANs and MANs that enable applications such as video conferencing, telemedicine, and distance learning. Common wireless standards are IEEE 802.11 for WiFi and IEEE 802.16 for WiMax. Wireless networks face challenges of limited spectrum availability, lower bandwidth and higher delays compared to wired networks. Emerging wireless technologies are expanding connectivity and access to services for more users.
This document discusses voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) meters, which are used to measure impedance matching and standing waves in microwave systems. It describes the principles of VSWR meters, including their construction with normal, expanded, and dB scales. Two common types are directional VSWR meters and SWR bridge circuits. Applications include laboratories, live broadcast systems, and medical equipment. Problems with VSWR meters are also noted, such as their inability to measure reactance and sensitivity to signal attenuation.
This document summarizes several indoor propagation models. It begins with introducing path loss factors like reflection, diffraction, and scattering. It then describes the ITU indoor path loss model, log-distance path loss model, and Ericsson multiple breakpoint model. The ITU model calculates path loss based on frequency, distance, and floor number. The log-distance model uses a path loss exponent to estimate loss over distance. The Ericsson model provides upper and lower loss bounds based on measurements in an office building.
Mobile wireless evolution began with analog 1G networks in the 1980s using Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA). 1G systems used analog signals and large frequency bandwidths. Later, 2G digital networks in the 1990s provided more efficient use of spectrum through digital modulation, speech coding, and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) was then introduced in the mid-1990s and supported many more users through spread spectrum technology.
This document discusses various digital modulation techniques including:
- Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) which represents data as changes in signal amplitude.
- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) which represents data as changes in carrier frequency.
- Phase Shift Keying (PSK) which represents data as changes in the phase of the carrier signal.
- Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) and Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) which are continuous phase modulation schemes used in wireless communications for their spectral efficiency.
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) which combines ASK and PSK to send multiple bits per symbol.
Diversity Techniques in Wireless CommunicationSahar Foroughi
This document discusses diversity techniques for wireless communication, including cooperative diversity. It begins by introducing wireless systems and the impairments they face like fading. It then covers various diversity techniques like space, frequency, and time diversity that provide multiple transmission paths to reduce fading. Cooperative diversity is described as allowing single-antenna devices to achieve MIMO-like benefits by sharing antennas. The document outlines cooperative transmission protocols and challenges at different network layers in implementing cooperation. In conclusion, diversity techniques improve performance by providing multiple signal replicas to overcome fading, while cooperation enables reliability and throughput gains with challenges to address across protocol layers.
This document provides an overview of the course content for Unit 1 of a radar systems course. It covers basics of radar including introduction, maximum unambiguous range, simple radar range equation, radar block diagram and operation, radar frequencies and applications, prediction of range performance, minimum detectable signal, and receiver noise. Examples of topics covered include derivation of the fundamental radar range equation, description of typical radar transmitter and receiver components, and applications of radar systems for air, sea, and space.
This document provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. It discusses what UWB is, its principles and characteristics in both the time and frequency domains. Key advantages of UWB include high data rates over short ranges, multipath immunity, low power and cost. Applications discussed include wireless personal area networks, military communications, ground penetrating radar and sensors. Challenges of UWB are also noted, as well as its future potential and comparison to other technologies.
Ultrawideband is a wireless radio technology originally developed for secure military communications and
radar that is now declassified. It is a high-speed, short-range wireless technology - nearly 10 times faster than
802.11b. It can be used for transferring digital content between devices in different entertainment and
computing clusters in the home, such as digital video recorders, set-top boxes, televisions and PCs. UWB is
designed to replace cables with short-range, wireless connections, but it offers the much higher bandwidth
needed to support multimedia data streams at very low power levels. And because UWB can communicate both
relative distance and position, it can be used for tracking equipment, containers or other objects
The document discusses laser communication and provides details about its key aspects. It begins with an introduction to laser communication and describes how it works. It then explains why laser communication is preferable to fiber optics and microwaves in certain situations. The document outlines the main types of lasers used in communication systems and highlights features like bandwidth, power requirements, and security advantages over radio frequency systems. It also examines link parameters, transmitter and receiver design considerations, and reliability factors for laser communication links.
This document provides an overview of microstrip patch antennas, also known as patch antennas. It defines patch antennas as consisting of a metal patch on top of a grounded dielectric substrate, which are useful at microwave frequencies above 1 GHz. The document discusses the geometry, advantages, disadvantages, feeding techniques, basic properties including resonance frequency and bandwidth, radiation pattern, and applications of microstrip patch antennas. The main applications mentioned are in mobiles, satellites, GPS, WiMAX, medical devices, and radar.
This document provides guidance on optimization processes for GSM networks. It discusses analyzing drive test data and log files to identify issues and recommend solutions. The key steps covered are:
1) Analyzing network statistics, drive test data and coverage predictions to identify problem areas.
2) Conducting drive tests to collect measurement data using TEMS phones and investigate subjects like coverage holes, interference, handovers and call drops.
3) Analyzing the log files and layer 2/3 messages to diagnose specific problems like low signal levels, quality issues, handover failures and their underlying causes.
4) Preparing reports detailing recommendations for fixes like adding sites, changing antenna parameters, adjusting handover margins or power control
ALPHA Intelligence is the exclusive agent of CORPRO anti-UAV system, which can do detecting and jamming of drones/UAV. frequency can be customized. welcome to contact Sophie for more technical details.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A comprehensive study on wearable textile antenna.
textile antennas are those which uses textile materials as substrate. It is flexible and widely used for wireless body area network applications.
This document discusses electronic warfare (EW), its subdivisions, history and impact. EW involves using the electromagnetic spectrum to control it, attack enemies, or impede enemy assaults. It has three subdivisions: electronic attack (EA), electronic protection (EP), and electronic support (ES). EA uses jamming to neutralize enemies, while EP protects against EA. ES involves detecting and locating electromagnetic sources. EW has revolutionized warfare by making most modern military operations reliant on electromagnetic systems. It has played a major role in many conflicts throughout history in expanding battlespaces and creating more transparent battlefields that enhance decision-making cycles and capabilities across all terrains. The document outlines India's developments in EW and calls for further
5G networks will require new architectures and algorithms to achieve the high speeds and low latencies required. Massive MIMO with hundreds of antennas enables high-gain beamforming through narrow beams. Hybrid beamforming partitions beamforming between digital and RF domains to reduce costs. Behavioral simulation allows evaluation of antenna array and algorithm interactions to optimize performance.
This document provides an introduction and refresher on decibels (dB), which are commonly used to measure power levels, voltages, noise figures, and other quantities. It explains the definition of dB, what dBm means, and the difference between voltage dB and power dB. The document also covers how to convert between dB and percentage values and how to perform calculations when adding or comparing dB quantities. It aims to help engineers better understand and apply the dB scale in their work.
ULTRA WIDE BAND TECHNOLOGY
BODY AREA NETWORKS
BW ³ 500 MHz regardless of fractional BW
UWB is a form of extremely wide spread spectrum where RF energy is spread over gigahertz of spectrum
Wider than any narrowband system by orders of magnitude
Power seen by a narrowband system is a fraction of the total UWB power
UWB signals can be designed to look like imperceptible random noise to conventional radios
Wireless communication technologies allow for mobility and flexibility through radio signals rather than wired connections. They include technologies like Bluetooth, WiFi, wireless LANs and MANs that enable applications such as video conferencing, telemedicine, and distance learning. Common wireless standards are IEEE 802.11 for WiFi and IEEE 802.16 for WiMax. Wireless networks face challenges of limited spectrum availability, lower bandwidth and higher delays compared to wired networks. Emerging wireless technologies are expanding connectivity and access to services for more users.
This document discusses voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) meters, which are used to measure impedance matching and standing waves in microwave systems. It describes the principles of VSWR meters, including their construction with normal, expanded, and dB scales. Two common types are directional VSWR meters and SWR bridge circuits. Applications include laboratories, live broadcast systems, and medical equipment. Problems with VSWR meters are also noted, such as their inability to measure reactance and sensitivity to signal attenuation.
This document summarizes several indoor propagation models. It begins with introducing path loss factors like reflection, diffraction, and scattering. It then describes the ITU indoor path loss model, log-distance path loss model, and Ericsson multiple breakpoint model. The ITU model calculates path loss based on frequency, distance, and floor number. The log-distance model uses a path loss exponent to estimate loss over distance. The Ericsson model provides upper and lower loss bounds based on measurements in an office building.
Mobile wireless evolution began with analog 1G networks in the 1980s using Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA). 1G systems used analog signals and large frequency bandwidths. Later, 2G digital networks in the 1990s provided more efficient use of spectrum through digital modulation, speech coding, and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) was then introduced in the mid-1990s and supported many more users through spread spectrum technology.
This document discusses various digital modulation techniques including:
- Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) which represents data as changes in signal amplitude.
- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) which represents data as changes in carrier frequency.
- Phase Shift Keying (PSK) which represents data as changes in the phase of the carrier signal.
- Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) and Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) which are continuous phase modulation schemes used in wireless communications for their spectral efficiency.
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) which combines ASK and PSK to send multiple bits per symbol.
Diversity Techniques in Wireless CommunicationSahar Foroughi
This document discusses diversity techniques for wireless communication, including cooperative diversity. It begins by introducing wireless systems and the impairments they face like fading. It then covers various diversity techniques like space, frequency, and time diversity that provide multiple transmission paths to reduce fading. Cooperative diversity is described as allowing single-antenna devices to achieve MIMO-like benefits by sharing antennas. The document outlines cooperative transmission protocols and challenges at different network layers in implementing cooperation. In conclusion, diversity techniques improve performance by providing multiple signal replicas to overcome fading, while cooperation enables reliability and throughput gains with challenges to address across protocol layers.
This document provides an overview of the course content for Unit 1 of a radar systems course. It covers basics of radar including introduction, maximum unambiguous range, simple radar range equation, radar block diagram and operation, radar frequencies and applications, prediction of range performance, minimum detectable signal, and receiver noise. Examples of topics covered include derivation of the fundamental radar range equation, description of typical radar transmitter and receiver components, and applications of radar systems for air, sea, and space.
This document provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. It discusses what UWB is, its principles and characteristics in both the time and frequency domains. Key advantages of UWB include high data rates over short ranges, multipath immunity, low power and cost. Applications discussed include wireless personal area networks, military communications, ground penetrating radar and sensors. Challenges of UWB are also noted, as well as its future potential and comparison to other technologies.
Ultrawideband is a wireless radio technology originally developed for secure military communications and
radar that is now declassified. It is a high-speed, short-range wireless technology - nearly 10 times faster than
802.11b. It can be used for transferring digital content between devices in different entertainment and
computing clusters in the home, such as digital video recorders, set-top boxes, televisions and PCs. UWB is
designed to replace cables with short-range, wireless connections, but it offers the much higher bandwidth
needed to support multimedia data streams at very low power levels. And because UWB can communicate both
relative distance and position, it can be used for tracking equipment, containers or other objects
The document discusses laser communication and provides details about its key aspects. It begins with an introduction to laser communication and describes how it works. It then explains why laser communication is preferable to fiber optics and microwaves in certain situations. The document outlines the main types of lasers used in communication systems and highlights features like bandwidth, power requirements, and security advantages over radio frequency systems. It also examines link parameters, transmitter and receiver design considerations, and reliability factors for laser communication links.
This document provides an overview of microstrip patch antennas, also known as patch antennas. It defines patch antennas as consisting of a metal patch on top of a grounded dielectric substrate, which are useful at microwave frequencies above 1 GHz. The document discusses the geometry, advantages, disadvantages, feeding techniques, basic properties including resonance frequency and bandwidth, radiation pattern, and applications of microstrip patch antennas. The main applications mentioned are in mobiles, satellites, GPS, WiMAX, medical devices, and radar.
This document provides guidance on optimization processes for GSM networks. It discusses analyzing drive test data and log files to identify issues and recommend solutions. The key steps covered are:
1) Analyzing network statistics, drive test data and coverage predictions to identify problem areas.
2) Conducting drive tests to collect measurement data using TEMS phones and investigate subjects like coverage holes, interference, handovers and call drops.
3) Analyzing the log files and layer 2/3 messages to diagnose specific problems like low signal levels, quality issues, handover failures and their underlying causes.
4) Preparing reports detailing recommendations for fixes like adding sites, changing antenna parameters, adjusting handover margins or power control
ALPHA Intelligence is the exclusive agent of CORPRO anti-UAV system, which can do detecting and jamming of drones/UAV. frequency can be customized. welcome to contact Sophie for more technical details.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
HACKATHON TEMPLATE FOR SIH INDIA HAHCKATHONaatripathi343
The team proposes developing an AI-based multirotor drone called ASTRA-FV for disaster management and other applications. ASTRA-FV would use computer vision and autonomous navigation capabilities powered by its hardware and software systems. It could transport medical supplies to remote areas, conduct search and rescue missions, and assess damage in disasters. The drone's versatility across surveillance, delivery, monitoring, and security functions makes it suitable for a wide range of critical uses.
This document summarizes inertial navigation systems and motion sensing products from SBG Systems, including their Apogee and Ekinox series. It provides specifications for accuracy, interfaces, environmental tolerances, and positioning capabilities for their MEMS-based inertial measurement units, attitude and heading reference systems, motion reference units, and inertial navigation systems. Their products are designed for applications in aerospace, ground, marine, and tactical domains.
This document describes a project using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the concept of swarm robotics to detect landmines. The key points are:
1. UAVs equipped with sensors like metal detectors and cameras will work together to detect landmines over large areas.
2. Once detected, the locations of landmines will be mapped using high-resolution 360-degree cameras.
3. The goal is to reduce costs and risks to human lives by automating landmine detection and mapping operations. This system could save lives by eliminating dangerous manual detection methods.
Lidar obstacle-warning-and-avoidance-system-for-unmanned-aircraftBrett Johnson
This document summarizes a laser-based Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system called the Laser Obstacle Avoidance Marconi (LOAM) that was developed for obstacle warning and avoidance on manned and unmanned aircraft. LOAM uses eye-safe lasers and beam steering to scan an area around the aircraft's flight path, detecting obstacles with high accuracy in a variety of weather conditions. It was originally developed for military helicopters but this paper discusses adapting it for integration on small-to-medium unmanned aircraft to help navigate low-level flights and avoid obstacles and hazards. The paper describes LOAM's scanning pattern and field of view, how it detects, classifies and warns of obstacles, and focuses on
High-End Inertial Sensors for Defense, Aerospace and Industrial Applications ...Yole Developpement
High-end inertial sensors are the backbone of systems that will enable autonomous transportation and the new space industry.
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/high-end-inertial-sensors-for-defense-aerospace-and-industrial-applications-2020/
The document describes a collision avoidance system from Becker Mining Systems that uses multiple detection technologies, including UHF RFID, electromagnetic RFID, and radar ranging, to detect potential collisions between people, vehicles, and other targets in a mining environment. It aims to provide reliable warnings while minimizing annoyance through its use of redundant detectors, accurate distance measurements, and carefully designed warning zones and interfaces. The system incorporates detectors like the DPOD400 and EPOD200 that use different technologies, as well as subsystems for directional warnings, zone control, and user interaction.
Kensington ADO- 300mm FOUP Load Port for Automated Wafer Handlingkensington labs
Kensington Labs offers the Automatic Door Opener (ADO), a 300mm Load Port designed for today’s rigorous wafer isolation and fab requirements. The ADO offers a host of patented, unique design features which combine to provide superior operational speed, cleanliness, reliability, and integration flexibility for loading and unloading SEMI standard 300mm FOUPs.
This document describes a data acquisition system and wireless telemetry system for unmanned aerial vehicles participating in the Advanced class of the SAE Aero Design competition. The system uses a laser altimeter and GPS module to measure altitude and location, which are sent via an Arduino microcontroller and XBee modules to a base station laptop. The laptop displays the measurements and has a button to trigger cargo release based on the vehicle's position and trajectory calculations. The system was designed to meet the competition's requirements of long range, low power, accurate measurements, and small size for recording altitude and assisting precise cargo deployment from UAVs.
The document discusses various technologies that can be used to detect and counter unauthorized drones, including radio frequency analyzers, optical sensors, acoustic sensors, radar, radio frequency jammers, GPS spoofers, high power microwave devices, nets, high energy lasers, and cyber takeover systems. It provides an overview of each technology, describing their pros and cons. The best counter-drone solution is typically an integrated system using a combination of these detection and mitigation approaches tailored to the specific use case.
Caterpillar has developed an integrated object detection and site awareness system to increase safety in mining operations. The system uses radar, cameras, and GPS to detect nearby equipment, monitor machine locations, and alert operators of potential hazards. It is designed to work across Caterpillar's equipment lines and integrate with their MineStar fleet management software to provide a comprehensive solution for increasing awareness and avoiding collisions.
Falcon Shield: Countering the drone threatLeonardo
Leonardo Sales & Marketing Manager, Andy Roberts, presented this at DSEI 2019, highlighting the threats posed by accidental, malicious and targeted Class 1 drone activity in both the civil and defence sectors.
STUPOR LLC is a leading Russian developer and manufacturer of counter-unmanned aircraft systems (C-UAS). Their C-UAS system uses a combination of hardware and proprietary software to detect, classify, and protect against unauthorized drones. The system integrates detection technologies like radar, radiofrequency, and optical sensors with countermeasures like signal jamming. It is designed to identify and prevent drones from penetrating protected areas.
The AirBIRD is a self-contained lightweight airborne magnetometer system designed for UAV applications. It contains a high sensitivity potassium magnetometer, laser altimeter, IMU, GPS, radio link, and other components housed in an aerodynamic shell weighing 3.8 kg total. The AirBIRD collects and transmits magnetic data in real-time to map areas for mineral exploration more efficiently and at higher resolution than ground or traditional airborne surveys.
IRJET- Unmanned Ground Vehicle for Military AssistanceIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an unmanned ground vehicle designed for military assistance applications. The proposed vehicle would be controlled remotely via radio signals and equipped with cameras, GPS, radar, and a metal detector to undertake missions like border patrol and surveillance. It aims to provide a safer alternative to putting soldiers in harm's way for tasks like detecting landmines. The vehicle would be controlled by an Arduino microcontroller and use sensors like infrared, ultrasonic, and a metal detector coupled with a mobile phone to navigate terrain and detect obstacles and metals. It discusses the need for such technologies and provides details on the proposed system design and components.
This document discusses the design and components of a Mars exploration rover. It includes the following key points:
1) The rover uses radio frequency (RF) communication to allow for remote control and collection of audio and video data from a long distance. It is powered by solar panels and batteries.
2) The rover has four wheels driven by four motors located inside the body for increased reliability. This simple design allows it to traverse rough terrain.
3) The rover is intended for uses such as planet exploration, mining, and operations in hazardous environments where human presence is not possible or advised. It provides mobility and capability for complex tasks and selective observation.
IRJET- Automated Targeting System for Open Space Military AreaIRJET Journal
This document describes an automated targeting system for open space military areas using an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo motor. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to the ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. When the ultrasonic sensor detects an object within its range, it will trigger the buzzer and display the detection on an LCD screen. The system aims to allow military surveillance of open areas using low-cost components like ultrasonic sensors and servos controlled by an Arduino.
UAV-Borne LiDAR with MEMS Mirror Based Scanning Capability Ping Hsu
Firstly, we demonstrated a wirelessly controlled MEMS scan module with imaging and laser tracking capability which can be mounted and flown on a small UAV quadcopter. The MEMS scan module was reduced down to a small volume of <90mm><70mm><50g when powered by the UAV‟s battery. The MEMS mirror based LiDAR system allows for ondemand ranging of points or areas within the FoR without altering the UAV‟s position. Increasing the LRF ranging frequency and stabilizing the pointing of the laser beam by utilizing the onboard inertial sensors and the camera are additional goals of the next design. Keywords: MEMS Mirrors, laser tracking, laser imaging, laser range finder, UAV, drone, LiDAR.
Similar to multi mission radar (MMR) - EL/M-2084 FOR IRON DOME (20)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
المحرك الصاروخي المعدل بقي حقيقه وقفزة علمية
بدأ اعتمادا علي المحاكاة فقط وصلا للنجاح وطبعا تحت مظلة وزاره الدفاع الامريكيه لتأمين الدعم اللازم و...
اضافة مؤثرة فعلا في تلك الصناعة
وأهم حاجه فيه ان الثرست زاد مع زياده الكفاءه ايضا ده غير ان الثرست نفسه بيعتمد علي الارتفاع
ده هيطور رحلات الذهاب >> والعوده!! كمان بشكل كبير
https://str.llnl.gov/november-2015/burton
Options for optimizing combined cycle plantsHossam Zein
This document discusses several options for optimizing the efficiency of combined cycle power plants, including:
1. Improving compressor cleanliness by using HEPA filters, which can increase power output by 6% and extend time between cleanings.
2. Making operational adjustments such as optimizing low load setpoints and reducing heat loss.
3. Installing aftermarket systems like ECOMAX automated combustion tuning to improve heat rate by 0.2-0.25% and boost output up to 11 MW.
4. A technology called TurboPHASE that uses a reciprocating engine to add compressed air to combustion turbines, allowing 10-20% faster response time and up to 7% improved heat rate.
Improve plant heat rate with feedwater heater controlHossam Zein
This document discusses improving thermal efficiency in power plants by optimizing feedwater heater performance and control. It contains the following key points:
1. Small deviations in heat rate can have large impacts on annual fuel costs, so precise control of feedwater heater levels is important for efficiency. Poor level control leads to heat losses.
2. Feedwater heaters use extraction steam to preheat feedwater and improve boiler efficiency. Accurate level control ensures optimal heat transfer. Instrument errors can degrade performance.
3. Two case studies show how unreliable level controls increased annual fuel costs by $243,000 in one plant and led to excessive heater bypasses in another. Updating controls provided paybacks of 1
A breeder reactor produces more fuel than it consumes through the conversion of uranium-238 into plutonium-239. Superphenix was a French liquid-metal fast breeder reactor that operated from 1985 to 1998. It had a thermal output of 3000 MW and an electrical output of 1174 MW. It used liquid sodium as a coolant and fuel made of MOX containing 15% uranium and 85% plutonium. Despite advantages like efficient use of uranium resources, breeder reactors also have disadvantages such as producing weapons-grade plutonium and high construction costs.
Climate change-implications-for-the-energy-sector-summary-from-ipcc-ar5-2014-...Hossam Zein
The document summarizes key findings from an IPCC report on the implications of climate change for the energy sector. It finds that climate change presents challenges for energy production and transmission as rising temperatures and extreme weather events affect infrastructure and operations. The energy sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and without mitigation policies emissions are projected to rise significantly by 2050 due to increasing energy demand. To keep warming below 2°C, the share of low-carbon electricity generation will need to triple or quadruple by 2050, and fossil fuel use without carbon capture will need to be phased out by 2100. Significant cuts in emissions can be achieved through measures like improving efficiency, switching fuels, expanding renewables, and carbon capture storage
امن الطاقة والبني التختيه في ضوء التخديات الخاليةHossam Zein
This document discusses critical infrastructure security in the energy sector and outlines challenges, threats, and recommendations. It defines critical infrastructure as any facility whose damage or destruction would significantly impact customers, grid reliability, national security, the economy or public health and safety. The document recommends that companies individually define and identify their critical facilities, assess security guidelines, and implement workshops to support industry. It notes recent cyberattacks like Stuxnet and outlines potential weak points and attack strategies at the facility and management levels, including available information on past terrorist attacks on international critical infrastructure related to electricity, oil/gas, water, and transportation.
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This document discusses implementing an electrical network monitoring and control system. It examines challenges with using serial communication links for control and proposes adopting Ethernet as the physical and data link layer protocol. Specifically, it recommends replacing gateway-based architectures with a client-server model to allow multiple systems like DCS and ENMCS to independently communicate with devices like motor protection relays over high-bandwidth Ethernet. This achieves flexible communications, easy engineering access, and responses fast enough for motor control.
Planning and Zoning for Solar in North Carolina - Pandzsolar2014Hossam Zein
The document provides an overview of solar energy planning and zoning in North Carolina. It discusses the growth of the solar industry in the state and defines key solar technology terms. The summary is:
Solar energy development is growing rapidly in North Carolina, driven by falling costs and state incentives. There are two main types: solar photovoltaics (PV) convert sunlight to electricity, while solar thermal uses sunlight as heat. PV systems are composed of cells made into panels and arrays, which can be linked into large solar farms of multiple megawatts. Proper planning and zoning aims to facilitate responsible solar development while addressing potential land use impacts.
This document provides technical specifications for three photovoltaic tracking systems (sonnen_system 3_30, 3_40, 3_60) including their dimensions, weight, components, performance specifications, safety features, and monitoring capabilities. The tracking systems use an astronomical control unit and electric drives to track the sun for increased energy yield compared to fixed systems. They integrate with SMA communication and monitoring equipment to enable remote operation and performance monitoring.
The document is a user manual for the SOLTRK control unit, which controls PV tracking systems. It provides instructions for installing, connecting, commissioning and operating the SOLTRK. The SOLTRK automatically tracks the sun's position and aligns PV modules accordingly. It connects to an SMA Sunny WebBox data logger for configuration and monitoring via RS485 communication. The manual includes wiring diagrams, settings, functions and troubleshooting information to support installers and operators.
The document describes a solar tracking system called the sonnen_system that is designed to maximize solar energy collection. It precisely tracks the sun's movement throughout the day to maintain an optimal angle for solar panels, increasing energy yields by up to 45% compared to fixed systems. The sonnen_system uses a robust design and precise controls to reliably produce electricity even in extreme weather conditions, and its modular design allows for monitoring and maintenance from anywhere in the world.
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This document is the user manual for the Sunny Design 3 and Sunny Design Web software from SMA Solar Technology AG. It provides legal information, descriptions of the product and its functions, system requirements for use, instructions for installation and use, and other guidance. The document is copyright protected and intended to help users design PV projects and systems using SMA's Sunny Design software.
Solar Power Analysis and Design Specifications Houston solarHossam Zein
This document provides a summary of technical assistance provided by SRA International to the City of Houston regarding the development of a 10 MW solar farm on a former landfill. Key points include:
- SRA conducted a site visit of the Holmes Road Landfill and determined the southern half of the site was best suited for solar development due to utility infrastructure and solar panel orientation.
- The site will require clearing and grading which may disturb the landfill cap. Contamination was also a consideration.
- Tasks performed included engineering assessments, determining the optimal solar system size and design, developing cost estimates, and conducting an economic analysis.
- The project aims to redevelop the brownfield site into a solar farm to
THE EGYPTIAN MILITARY AND the arab Israeli Military balance CSIS report 2000Hossam Zein
The document provides an analysis of the conventional and asymmetric military balance between Israel and Arab states from 2000-2010. It finds that Israel has maintained a clear conventional military advantage through higher expenditures, foreign assistance, and effective long-term force planning. However, Arab states and non-state actors have increasingly developed asymmetric capabilities like missiles and unconventional forces to offset Israel's strength. The balance has also been impacted by the growing indirect threat from Iran and changing dynamics in countries like Syria, Egypt and Jordan.
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Explore the details in our newly released product manual, which showcases NEWNTIDE's advanced heat pump technologies. Delve into our energy-efficient and eco-friendly solutions tailored for diverse global markets.
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multi mission radar (MMR) - EL/M-2084 FOR IRON DOME
1. MULTI MISSION RADAR (MMR) EL/M-2084
DEFENSE & SELF-PROTECTION
General Missions
The EL/M-2084 Multi Mission Radar is an advanced phased- Accurate location of medium and long range
array radar, able to perform Artillery & Air Defense Missions. hostile weapon systems:
It detects a wide range of flying objects including artillery shells - Artillery shells and mortar shells
and rockets, even in the presence of ground clutter and - Rockets
electromagnetic interference. - Missiles
For ballistic targets the radar quickly detects and pinpoints Accurate impact location
the location of adversary weapons and calculates the
Friendly-fire ranging
anticipated impact points.
Air Surveillace of aircraft, UAVs and other
Features airborne targets
High mobility
Fast and easy deployment
High system availability and reliability
Wide scan angles in azimuth and elevation
Modular and scalable architecture
ECM immunity
Modern friendly map-based user interface
Features flexible standard interface with C4I ELTA Systems Ltd.
systems Group & Subsidiary of ISRAEL AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES LTD.
2. MULTI MISSION RADAR (MMR) EL/M-2084
Typical performance
Detection range Artillery - Up to 100 km
Air Breathing Targets - Up to 350 km
CEP (Artillery) 125 m at 50 km (artillery shells)
Coverage Azimuth - Sector mode - Up to 120°
Azimuth - Rotating mode - Up to 360°
Elevation - Up to ±40°
Target load Artillery - 200 targets per minute
ELTA Cat. No. 6206 JANUARY-2009 (E)
Aircraft and Missiles - up to 1200 targets
Deployment/folding time ≤ 20 min
Integral Operator trainer Radar environmental simulator
Recording Analysis system Off-line analysis and graphical display
www.elta-iai.com
ELTA Systems Ltd.
ISRAEL Tel: (972)8-857-2312/2410. Fax: (972)8-856-1872
E-mail: market@elta.co.il
U.S.A. Tel: (703)875-3726. Fax: (703)875-3770
EUROPE Tel: (33)1-46.40.47.47. Fax: (33)1-46.40.47.48. Group & Subsidiary of ISRAEL AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES LTD.
The contents of this brochure are presented as general information only and are not meant to,
nor do they, constitute any representation or warranty by ELTA Systems Ltd. The contents are
not meant to serve or be used in substitution for the information contained in any approved
Innovation. Solutions. Control.
specification, manual or the like issued by ELTA Systems Ltd. The contents shall not in any way
add to, amend, delete or change any term of any contract in which ELTA Systems Ltd. is a party. w w w. e l t a - i a i . c o m E-mail: market@elta.co.il