Minority groups repression during totalitarianism
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OWTFThis document summarizes the repression of minority groups during the totalitarian regime in Spain under Franco from the 1930s to the 1970s. It describes the "Lazy and Mean People Law" passed in 1933 that targeted groups seen as "antisocial" like tramps, nomads, and alcoholics. The law was later expanded in 1954 to repress homosexuals. Homosexuals were considered diseased and were interrogated, tortured, and interned. Gypsies first arrived in Spain in the 15th century and faced repression through laws against them. The hippie movement that reached Spain in the late 1960s was also considered anti-moral and those involved were arrested.
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History 12 policies and events in spain
This document provides an overview of Spanish colonial policies and events in the 19th century and their effects in the Philippines. It discusses political instability in Spain which led to frequent changes in colonial administrators in the Philippines, negatively impacting policy formulation. It also describes corruption among governor generals and the negative effects of the Spanish political structure, racial discrimination, denial of human rights, maladministration of justice, and limited Philippine representation in Spanish government. The document analyzes how these colonial policies and events undermined good governance and exploited the Filipino people.
Human Rights denied to Filipinos
1. The document lists 17 human rights that include the right to life, liberty, freedom of expression and religion, equality before the law, adequate standard of living, and participation in government and culture.
2. Since 1812, the people of Spain enjoyed freedoms of speech, press, and association. However, during the 19th century the Filipinos were denied these same rights by the Spanish.
3. A Spanish economist named Sinibaldo questioned why the Spanish fought for liberty in Spain but denied it to Filipinos under their control. Rizal also advocated for recognizing human rights to promote harmony among people.
19th century Philippines as Rizal’s context
The document discusses the political, economic, and social aspects that shaped the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. This includes the impact of the Bourbon Reforms, the introduction of the Cadiz Constitution, the end of the Galleon trade, the opening of the Suez Canal, the rise of the Chinese mestizos and inquilinos social classes. Overall, these changes introduced ideas of liberalism, nationalism and calls for more rights and representation among Filipinos during Rizal's time in the late 19th century.
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This document provides an overview of the major changes and challenges of the 19th century that influenced Jose Rizal's life and work. It discusses the rise of nationalism, spread of democracy, modernization through the Industrial Revolution, advancements in science and technology, growth of imperialism, and new ideas that fostered growth. Specific events like the American and French Revolutions are mentioned. The effects of the Industrial Revolution on living standards, population growth, and the rise of capitalism are summarized. Responses to social problems created by these changes from different groups are also outlined.
Spanish Casta System.
The document describes the caste system established by the Spanish in colonial Mexico. It ranked people in a racial hierarchy with Peninsulares (Spanish-born) at the top, followed by Criollos (American-born Spanish), Mestizos (mixed Spanish and native), Indios (natives), and Negroes (African slaves) at the bottom. Over time, factors like language, skills, wealth and cultural identity could allow some groups like Mestizos to rise in status, though discrimination was still prevalent. The caste system shaped Mexican society for centuries and its impacts on racial inequalities may still be felt today.
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This document provides an overview of the Rizal Law (Republic Act 1425) which mandates the inclusion of Jose Rizal's life, works, and writings in the curriculum of all public and private schools and universities in the Philippines. It discusses the context surrounding the passage of the law, including opposition from the Catholic hierarchy, and key aspects of the law such as exemptions. The document also covers topics related to Rizal like Filipino nationalism, the Propaganda Movement, and implications of developing a Filipino national identity.
Social factors of latin america
Social factors in Latin America included the effects of sheep herding which led to the formation of small textile sweatshops operated by Indian women. Multiracial societies developed hierarchies by color and status, with mixed peoples (castas) comprising a large segment. In the society of castas, Indian women faced sexual exploitation by Europeans while the crown promoted marriages due to few European women. Europeans were at the top socially, while African slaves and Indians occupied the lower levels. Revolts and reforms occurred as colonial populations and economies grew in the 18th century, though sharp social divisions hindered revolutionary action until the mother countries of Spain and Portugal weakened due to turmoil in Europe.
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This document provides an overview of Spanish colonial policies and events in the 19th century and their effects in the Philippines. It discusses political instability in Spain which led to frequent changes in colonial administrators in the Philippines, negatively impacting policy formulation. It also describes corruption among governor generals and the negative effects of the Spanish political structure, racial discrimination, denial of human rights, maladministration of justice, and limited Philippine representation in Spanish government. The document analyzes how these colonial policies and events undermined good governance and exploited the Filipino people.
Human Rights denied to Filipinos
1. The document lists 17 human rights that include the right to life, liberty, freedom of expression and religion, equality before the law, adequate standard of living, and participation in government and culture.
2. Since 1812, the people of Spain enjoyed freedoms of speech, press, and association. However, during the 19th century the Filipinos were denied these same rights by the Spanish.
3. A Spanish economist named Sinibaldo questioned why the Spanish fought for liberty in Spain but denied it to Filipinos under their control. Rizal also advocated for recognizing human rights to promote harmony among people.
19th century Philippines as Rizal’s context
The document discusses the political, economic, and social aspects that shaped the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. This includes the impact of the Bourbon Reforms, the introduction of the Cadiz Constitution, the end of the Galleon trade, the opening of the Suez Canal, the rise of the Chinese mestizos and inquilinos social classes. Overall, these changes introduced ideas of liberalism, nationalism and calls for more rights and representation among Filipinos during Rizal's time in the late 19th century.
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This document provides an overview of the major changes and challenges of the 19th century that influenced Jose Rizal's life and work. It discusses the rise of nationalism, spread of democracy, modernization through the Industrial Revolution, advancements in science and technology, growth of imperialism, and new ideas that fostered growth. Specific events like the American and French Revolutions are mentioned. The effects of the Industrial Revolution on living standards, population growth, and the rise of capitalism are summarized. Responses to social problems created by these changes from different groups are also outlined.
Spanish Casta System.
The document describes the caste system established by the Spanish in colonial Mexico. It ranked people in a racial hierarchy with Peninsulares (Spanish-born) at the top, followed by Criollos (American-born Spanish), Mestizos (mixed Spanish and native), Indios (natives), and Negroes (African slaves) at the bottom. Over time, factors like language, skills, wealth and cultural identity could allow some groups like Mestizos to rise in status, though discrimination was still prevalent. The caste system shaped Mexican society for centuries and its impacts on racial inequalities may still be felt today.
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Social factors in Latin America included the effects of sheep herding which led to the formation of small textile sweatshops operated by Indian women. Multiracial societies developed hierarchies by color and status, with mixed peoples (castas) comprising a large segment. In the society of castas, Indian women faced sexual exploitation by Europeans while the crown promoted marriages due to few European women. Europeans were at the top socially, while African slaves and Indians occupied the lower levels. Revolts and reforms occurred as colonial populations and economies grew in the 18th century, though sharp social divisions hindered revolutionary action until the mother countries of Spain and Portugal weakened due to turmoil in Europe.
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The document summarizes key aspects of society in the Philippines during Rizal's time under Spanish rule in the late 19th century. It describes a feudal social structure with racial discrimination, a centralized political system governed from Madrid through governors general with extensive powers, and an educational system focused on religion run primarily by friars that was criticized for its outdated methods and prejudice against Filipinos.
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Spanish Colonial Administration
For over 333 years, Spain ruled the Philippines as a colony. The Spanish king initially ruled through the viceroy of Mexico when the Philippines was a dependency of Mexico. After Mexican independence in 1821, the king ruled through a Governor General. Spain established hierarchical colonial governments, with a national government headed by the Governor General overseeing local governments of provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities. The goals of Spanish colonization were to spread Christianity, generate economic wealth, and achieve political prestige.
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2. Explorers like Columbus and Magellan expanded Spain's empire, leading to the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas. This introduced new goods, diseases, and slavery to the Americas.
3. The Hapsburg and Bourbon dynasties ruled Spain over subsequent centuries. The Bourbons centralized power and modernized Spain under the influence of the Enlightenment.
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The document provides an overview of the Philippines under Spanish rule from the 1600s to 1800s. It discusses the political, economic, and social changes introduced by the Spanish including the establishment of central and local governments, propagation of Catholicism, systems of labor like the encomienda and tribute, and the union of church and state. It also summarizes the slow economic development during this period which was hindered by factors like inefficient Spanish officials and internal quarrels.
The philippines under spanish rule
Under Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines from the 1600s-1800s:
- The central government was headed by a Governor-General appointed by the King of Spain who had vast executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Local governments included provincial governors and town mayors.
- Spain propagated Catholicism through various missionary orders and established the Inquisition to enforce orthodox religious beliefs. The union of church and state placed the church at the highest levels of colonial administration.
- Economic systems like the encomienda, tributes, and monopolies generated wealth for the colony and its rulers in Spain while also exploiting Filipino labor. Printing was introduced to spread Catholic texts and ideas.
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Under Spanish rule, the Philippines had a centralized government with the King of Spain having absolute power. The Governor-General represented the King and had significant authority, checked by bodies like the Royal Audiencia court and visitadors who investigated abuses. Politically, the country was divided into provinces governed by alcaldes mayores or corregidors. Locally, towns were headed by gobernadorcillos and barangays by cabeza de barangays. The Spanish established a system of colonial administration that remained influential in Philippine society until independence.
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History : THE SPANISH COLONIAL SYSTEM
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Lesson 4 the philippines under spain
Under Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, the Governor General had executive, legislative, judicial, military, and ecclesiastical powers as the sole representative of the Spanish crown. The Royal Audiencia acted as the Supreme Court and checked the Governor General's power, investigating corrupt officials. Local governance was carried out by encomenderos, alcalde mayores, and gobernadorcillos, who administered provinces, towns, and cities but often abused the native populations. The Spanish imposed heavy taxes on Filipinos and utilized systems like bandala and polo y servicios that amounted to forced labor.
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The Rizal Law, signed in 1956, mandated the study of Jose Rizal's life, works, and writings in all educational levels in the Philippines. It aimed to foster a stronger sense of nationalism during a period of political, economic, and cultural challenges following World War 2. The 19th century historical background examines the rise of Spanish instability and reforms in the Philippines that contributed to the growth of nationalism and inspiration for Rizal's ideas, such as the establishment of schools and economic changes introduced by foreign powers. Spanish rule had no consistent colonial policy and faced issues like corruption and tensions between religious orders and secular clergy that paved the way for nationalism.
Spanish Colonial Administration
For over 333 years, Spain ruled the Philippines as a colony. The Spanish king initially ruled through the viceroy of Mexico when the Philippines was a dependency of Mexico. After Mexican independence in 1821, the king ruled through a Governor General. Spain established hierarchical colonial governments, with a national government headed by the Governor General overseeing local governments of provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities. The goals of Spanish colonization were to spread Christianity, generate economic wealth, and achieve political prestige.
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This document discusses the rise of nationalism and liberalism in the 19th century. Nationalism grew from shared culture and history among a people and the desire for independence. Liberalism promoted individual freedoms and representative government. The Industrial Revolution transformed manufacturing but also widened inequality. Scientific advancement led to optimism about human progress. Overall the document examines the major social, political, and economic developments in the 19th century that influenced nationalism and liberalism.
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Early modern spain
1. Fernando and Isabel united their kingdoms through marriage, creating a powerful Spain. They established the Spanish Inquisition and expelled Jews in 1492.
2. Explorers like Columbus and Magellan expanded Spain's empire, leading to the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas. This introduced new goods, diseases, and slavery to the Americas.
3. The Hapsburg and Bourbon dynasties ruled Spain over subsequent centuries. The Bourbons centralized power and modernized Spain under the influence of the Enlightenment.
Social structure of Spanish to Pilipinos
The document summarizes the social structure and government under Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. It describes a highly centralized government with the King of Spain and Governor-General at the top, and various local governments like provincial, municipal and barrio levels below. Socially it was stratified with Peninsulares and Insulares at the top as Spanish citizens, followed by mestizos, principales and masses. A new Ilustrado class emerged in the 19th century of educated professionals.
Struggle and survival pt. 2
Squanto was a native American who was captured by English explorers and later rescued by Christian missionaries. He became a translator for the Pilgrims but died from suspected poisoning by other natives. Enrico Martinez was a printer from Seville who challenged colonial society through his publishing. Red Shoes was a Choctaw chief who had good relations with traders until French attacks led to betrayal. Miguel Hernandez expanded his own horizons through literacy and business, testing laws and relationships across boundaries. Hernando De Valencia was a treasury agent in desperate need of funds who was promoted for his work collecting taxes.
Colonialism
Colonialism in America from the 17th to 19th centuries saw the colonies politically and economically dependent on European powers like Spain. Spain divided its colonies into administrative regions governed by viceroyalties. Colonial institutions represented absolute monarchical rule through entities like the Council of the Indies, Royal Audiencia, and viceroys who carried out the demands of the King. The primary economic activities in the colonies involved extracting natural resources like precious metals, agriculture, and the use of indigenous and slave labor in mines, plantations, and livestock/agricultural haciendas and estancias.
Contemporary spain20th century
After the death of King Alfonso XII, Spain experienced political instability and conflict in the early 20th century. This led to a military dictatorship under Primo de Rivera from 1923-1930. The Second Republic then began in 1931, establishing democracy, secularism, and autonomy. However, these reforms divided Spain and led to civil war from 1936-1939, resulting in a nationalist victory under Francisco Franco, who ruled as a dictator until his death in 1975.
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The document provides an overview of the Philippines under Spanish rule from the 1600s to 1800s. It discusses the political, economic, and social changes introduced by the Spanish including the establishment of central and local governments, propagation of Catholicism, systems of labor like the encomienda and tribute, and the union of church and state. It also summarizes the slow economic development during this period which was hindered by factors like inefficient Spanish officials and internal quarrels.
The philippines under spanish rule
Under Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines from the 1600s-1800s:
- The central government was headed by a Governor-General appointed by the King of Spain who had vast executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Local governments included provincial governors and town mayors.
- Spain propagated Catholicism through various missionary orders and established the Inquisition to enforce orthodox religious beliefs. The union of church and state placed the church at the highest levels of colonial administration.
- Economic systems like the encomienda, tributes, and monopolies generated wealth for the colony and its rulers in Spain while also exploiting Filipino labor. Printing was introduced to spread Catholic texts and ideas.
Colonial History of The Americas- Potosi Bolivia
The document summarizes the political administration and social control of Spain's colonies in Latin America. The Spanish Crown established viceroyalties, audiencias, and provinces to administer the colonies. While indigenous languages were allowed, Spanish became the official language and the Catholic Church replaced native religions. The encomienda system exploited and enslaved the native population, leading to a steep decline. Silver mining, especially in Potosi, Bolivia, drove the colonial economy and wealth for the Spanish Crown. The Church also had significant power and influence through its relationship with the Crown.
Philippine Government under Spain
Under Spanish rule, the Philippines had a centralized government with the King of Spain having absolute power. The Governor-General represented the King and had significant authority, checked by bodies like the Royal Audiencia court and visitadors who investigated abuses. Politically, the country was divided into provinces governed by alcaldes mayores or corregidors. Locally, towns were headed by gobernadorcillos and barangays by cabeza de barangays. The Spanish established a system of colonial administration that remained influential in Philippine society until independence.
Slavery
Slavery has existed in many forms throughout history. It involves treating people as property by forcing them to work against their will through means such as chattel slavery, debt bondage, or forced labor. While slavery has been abolished in every country, there are still an estimated 12 to 27 million slaves worldwide today, primarily in the forms of debt bondage and human trafficking forcing people into sex work. Historically, slaves made up most of the population in pre-industrial societies and supported economies, though mechanization has reduced the need for forced labor.
History : THE SPANISH COLONIAL SYSTEM
Spain was the first European country to rise as a great colonizing power in modern times. At the zenith of her glory and grandeur during the 16th century, her siglo de oro (golden century), she had far-flung colonies in Africa, the New World (Latin America and Asia).
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Under Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, the Governor General had executive, legislative, judicial, military, and ecclesiastical powers as the sole representative of the Spanish crown. The Royal Audiencia acted as the Supreme Court and checked the Governor General's power, investigating corrupt officials. Local governance was carried out by encomenderos, alcalde mayores, and gobernadorcillos, who administered provinces, towns, and cities but often abused the native populations. The Spanish imposed heavy taxes on Filipinos and utilized systems like bandala and polo y servicios that amounted to forced labor.
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Similar to Minority groups repression during totalitarianism
Slavery system
Slavery has existed in various forms for thousands of years. It began in Africa before European colonization and spread globally as the Portuguese, Spanish, English, French and others engaged in the transatlantic slave trade between the 15th and 19th centuries. Millions of people were taken from Africa and enslaved in the Americas. Slavery was gradually abolished in the late 18th and 19th centuries, starting with declarations in Vermont in 1777 and Britain banning the slave trade in 1807, but it continued in other forms into the early 20th century in some places. Slavery stripped people of rights and freedoms and legally classified them as property without kinship or protections.
Ch. 7.2 french revolution
The document summarizes key events in the French Revolution from 1789 to 1794. It describes the Declaration of the Rights of Man which established equality but excluded women. Olympe de Gouges then published a Declaration of the Rights of Woman demanding equal rights. As the revolution continued, different factions emerged in the Legislative Assembly, and war broke out with other European nations. The monarchy was abolished and Louis XVI was executed, leading to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre where thousands were executed for being enemies of the revolution until his own arrest and execution in 1794.
Lessons from Our History - Disability and the Holocaust
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This document provides an overview of Spain's history from the early 20th century through the transition to democracy in the late 1970s. It discusses the reign of King Alfonso XIII and the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in the 1920s. It then covers the Second Spanish Republic from 1931 to 1936, the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco from 1939 to 1975. The transition to democracy after Franco's death is also summarized, including the writing of the 1978 constitution and Spain joining the European Union in 1986. Society and culture are briefly discussed as changing significantly after the end of Franco's dictatorship.
Presentation homosexuality
Homosexuality has been both accepted and repressed throughout history. In modern times, many countries have legalized same-sex marriage and adoption. France legalized same-sex marriage in 2013 after months of debate. During World War 2, Nazi Germany killed thousands of homosexuals. Today, same-sex marriage is legal in over 25 countries, but 76 countries still oppose it, with 10 having death penalties for homosexuality. Younger generations are becoming more accepting of LGBTQ rights.
Breaking down the wall of silence
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23.2 - The French Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
The French Revolution brought widespread reforms but also a period of terror. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and adopted a Declaration of Rights of Man in 1789 that established principles of equality and liberty. However, in the following years the Revolution grew increasingly radical as the monarchy was overthrown, the king and queen were executed, and a Reign of Terror began where tens of thousands were executed under Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety.
Ch 23 2 Revolution Brings Reform And Terror
1) After the storming of the Bastille, the National Assembly abolished feudalism and adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789, modeling it after the American Declaration of Independence.
2) During the Reign of Terror from 1793-1794, radical Jacobins led by Robespierre took control and began executing around 40,000 people throughout France for any perceived lack of radicalism.
3) Robespierre's increasing radicalism and godlessness made him unpopular, and members of the Convention arrested and executed him in 1794 to end the Reign of Terror.
The reign of terror
The document provides information about the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution from 1793 to 1794. Maximilien Robespierre and the radical Jacobins took control of the revolutionary government and established a Committee of Public Safety to rule France. During this period, they arrested and executed thousands of people suspected of being disloyal to the revolution, with as many as 17,000 people officially executed in France and 2,639 in Paris alone. Robespierre instituted radical policies like rationing bread and banning expensive flour, using the guillotine to execute "enemies of the republic," and changing honorific titles to address all as "Citizen." However, increasing bloodshed and executions led others to organize against
The Franquisme in Spain, the dictatorship
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The document discusses the key events of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It describes the three estates system in France before the revolution and the inequality faced by the third estate. The storming of the Bastille by Parisians in 1789 marked an important turning point. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and declared the rights of man. However, the revolution grew increasingly radical under the Jacobins, leading to the Reign of Terror and mass executions under Robespierre. Eventually, Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in 1799, bringing the revolution to an end.
The social and economic rights under the law of the republic of cyprus
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Sst ppt presentation
The document provides details about the French Revolution and the events leading up to it. It discusses:
- The unequal French society under King Louis XVI with the privileged estates and unfair taxation that contributed to discontent.
- Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau and Montesquieu influenced ideas of equality, rights, and separation of powers.
- The storming of the Bastille prison in 1789 marked the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and the monarchy was overthrown.
- The Reign of Terror under Robespierre established a repressive government until his own overthrow and execution in 1794.
Law modprimcivlaw
This document discusses the history and processes of European imperialism from the late 1400s to mid-1900s. It was conducted in three eras: exploration, colonialism, and imperialism. Imperialism involved establishing political, economic, military, cultural, physical, and psychological control over colonies for the benefit of the controlling nation. Key periods included mercantilism and the height of European empires in the late 1800s. American imperialism was also discussed, including the concept of "Manifest Destiny." The document outlines the civilizing project of imposing Western norms and institutions on colonized peoples through various structural processes.
Minorities
This document summarizes the perspectives of minorities presented in two important historical documents: the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Both declarations called for equality among men in society. However, while some groups like slaves and women had their rights recognized later on, complete independence and freedom from discrimination was still not achieved or assured. It took continued efforts over time to overcome long-held prejudices against minorities in many developed societies.
Minorities
This document summarizes the perspectives of minorities presented in two important historical documents: the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. It discusses how both documents called for equality among men in society, but that many minority groups like women, slaves, Jews, and indigenous peoples still faced oppression and discrimination. It took further revolutions and documents like the Declaration of the Rights of Woman in 1791 to begin recognizing and granting rights to these minority groups, though full equality was still not achieved. The document laments how developed nations relegated minorities for so long and how traditional prejudices have been hard to erase.
French revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and feudal system. The Third Estate, which represented the common people, demanded political rights and reforms. After the storming of the Bastille, the National Assembly abolished feudalism and adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man. However, political divisions grew between moderate and radical factions. The monarchy was abolished and King Louis XVI was executed, leading to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre and the Jacobins. Over 30,000 people were executed before the Directory was established in 1795, marking the end of the revolutionary period.
Presentation in czestochowa
Racism and xenophobia have been present throughout Italy's history. Under Mussolini's fascist state in the 1930s-40s, racism and xenophobia spread greatly against Jews and those in Italian colonies. In 1938, Italian and German racial scientists met and published a "Manifesto of racial scientists" attempting to give a scientific basis for racist policies against non-Aryan peoples. This manifesto laid the foundations for Mussolini's racial laws targeting Jews, including banning them from many jobs and education, confiscating property, and facilitating arrests.
Propaganda
The document discusses the Propaganda Movement in the Philippines during the late 19th century. It was led by Filipino intellectuals and reformists living in Europe, including Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Jose Rizal. They advocated for reforms in the Philippines through peaceful means such as writing and speeches, seeking equal rights for Filipinos and reforms like secularization of the parishes and freedom of speech. The movement represented the growing Philippine nationalism and desire for independence from Spanish colonial rule.
The french revolution
The document summarizes the key causes and events of the French Revolution:
1) Economic hardship, rising food prices, and the monarchy's inability to manage finances caused widespread discontent before 1789.
2) The meeting of the Estates-General and formation of the National Assembly marked the start of the Revolution.
3) Public unrest grew through 1789, culminating in the storming of the Bastille in July and abolition of feudalism in August, radically transforming French society.
4) The Declaration of the Rights of Man established France as a constitutional monarchy but conflict continued as the Jacobins took control and instituted the Reign of Terror from 1793-94 to eliminate dissent.
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Lessons from Our History - Disability and the Holocaust
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Minority groups repression during totalitarianism
- 1. Minority groups repression during totalitarianism The Lazy & Mean People Law in Spain COMENIUS 2012-14
- 2. THE “LAZY AND MEAN PEOPLE” LAW A law instituted on August 4th of 1933. It concerned the treatment of tramps, nomads, pimps, alcoholics and other “antisocial” groups. Created to locate and classify the “dangerous agents of society, set control measures, safety and prevention.”. On July 15th of 1954 the law included the repression of homosexuals, also called violetas (violets). In 1970 the law was finally abolished.
- 3. HOMOSEXUALS During the dictatorship homosexuality was considered a disease and an unnatural vice that could be corrected with electroshock therapies. Homosexual people were interrogated, minstreated and tortured. Most of them were arrested and interned in work camps, always seperated from the rest of the people. During the 60's, gay culture began to appear, especially in big tourist cities.
- 4. GYPSIES In the 15th century the first gypsies' families arrived in Spain. In 1499 the first law against them was signed by the Catholic Monarchs. Franco made specific rules for the gypsies' repression during his dictatorship. When the current Democracy was established, the anti-gypsy legislation was repealed. It was the first time in history the gypsies were recognized in Spain. They are an ethnic group of people with an unknown origin.
- 5. HIPPIES The hippie pacifist movement was originated in 1965 in California and reached Spain three years later. People from all over the world started settling down in Eivissa and Formentera, two Balearic Island. Between 1968 and 1970 Franco wanted to suffocate that hippie movement. They were considered anti-moral, accused of consuming drugs and being direspectful.They were arrested and brought to prison.
- 6. Special court of lazy and mean people. BarcelonaLazy beggers First concentration camp
- 7. Special court of lazy and mean people. BarcelonaLazy beggers First concentration camp