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Presentation homosexuality
- 1. Homosexuality and Marriage for All Léa Chartier et Charlotte Bourdeau
- 2. Introduction Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. The most common terms for homosexual people are lesbian for females and gay for males, but gay also commonly refers to both homosexual females and males. “Heterosexuality is not normal, it's just common.” ― Dorothy Parker Many gay and lesbian people not openly identifying as such due to prejudice or discrimination such as homophobia and heterosexism. Violence can be physical but also moral. Indeed homosexuals are insulted to "fairy", "queer", "fag" "tranny" etc. But it can go to the aggression and worse. While some people believe that homosexual activity is unnatural, scientific research has shown that homosexuality is a normal and natural variation in human sexuality.
- 3. 1.Chronology of Homosexual Rights
- 4. A. Beginnings and Repression Antiquity and Middle Age In Antiquity, homosexuality was something usual. Greeks men had sexual relationship with women because they have to bear children but also with young boys usually aged between 12 and 18 years old. In Rome, the homosexuality was also allowed between slave and free men and the Roman emperor Nero for example gets married with a men. However, homosexuality is punished by law in 342, in the Roman Empire as same as homosexual marriage. The raising of Christianism also contributed to applied those laws.
- 5. Saint Thomas D’aquin Homosexuality is accepted during the beginning of the Middle Age, especially by Germanic people. But the rising of absolutism in the 13th century mark the return of the homosexuality repression. Saint Thomas d’Aquin will compared it to an “heresy” and will play a main role in the repression of homosexuality by the Catholic Church.
- 6. B. Improvement The Renaissance is a period when some Antiquity masterpiece were rediscovered, and the homosexuality less punished. We can observed that some painting representing naked men were made, especially by the artist Michel Ange. But in 1532, Charles Quint made new laws to punished homosexuality. However, the 18th century tends to be more liberal and some Kings as Henri III or Louis XIII were homosexual. In 1791, France is the first country to decriminalize homosexuality, and it will influence some other European legislation. La création d’Adam, Michel Ange Charles Quint
- 7. C. Genocide and Post-War Nazism The Nazi regime were at its beginnings tolerant with homosexuality, for example with its member Hans Blücher and Ernst Rhöm. But the “night of the long knives” in which Ernst is killed for his homosexuality and the the hardening of the legislation in 1935 supprime the tolerance. Pink triangle Black triangle During the war, about 10 000 homosexuals were deported and killed in Nazi Germany, women were qualified as “asocial” person and wear a black triangle on their forehead, and men pink triangle. Nowadays, only 10 survivors have made a testimony on their deportation.
- 8. In Amsterdam, the “Homomonument” was made in memory of the homosexual men and women deported for being homosexual.
- 9. D. Post-War and Change of Attitudes After the war, the homosexuality knows a change of attitude worldwide. In 1900-1930, The analyst Freud qualified homosexuality as a “sexual function variation”, and is one of the first saying that an homosexual doesn’t need treatment because homosexuality isn’t a disease. Freud In 1973, The American Psychiatric Association remove the homosexuality as a disease in its disease list.
- 10. At the end of 70’s, The AIDS appears and touched heterosexual and homosexual. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta reveals in July 1982 a sanitarian problem causing a huge frequency of Kaposi sarcoma which cause the AIDS. AIDS Apparition Prevention campaigns Some were lead as well as mouvement claiming for scientific researches on AIDS, for example the mouvement Act Up or David and Jonathan. The law of the 4th August 1982 decriminalized homosexuality and in 1990, the World Health Organisation remove homosexuality as a mental disease. Members of ACT UP hold up signs and placards during the Gay and Lesbian Pride march in New York City, June 26, 1988. // The New York Historical Society/Getty Images
- 11. Gay Pride In 1971: the first homosexual movement is created in France and called the “FHAR” (Front Homosexuel d’Action Révolutionnaire). In the 1st of May: the homosexuals came to the trade union parade until 1978, this is the beginnings of the Gay Pride.
- 12. 2. Marriage for All
- 13. A. Legalization in France In 1999: In France, the Lionel Jospin government passed a law on the Civil Solidarity Pact, providing some rights to the homosexuals. In 23th, April 2013: After months of debate and fight between pro and cons marriage for all, the law is adopted and the homosexuals can get married. In 2014, The same sex union represented 4% of marriages.
- 14. B. The Homosexual Adoption Law In France, the adoption was legalized by the marriage for all law. France became the 9th European country to legalize the marriage for all and the 14th in the world. This law also allows for homosexual couples who adopt to have inheritance rights.
- 15. 3. Homosexuality and the World
- 16. A. During the II World War - During the 2nd world war, Italia of Mussolini condemned homosexuality by pursuing them as political opponents. - In russia, Stalin condemned them to jail or deportation. As we have previously seen, homosexuality was not considered in a same way in the world. - In Spain, the franco regime had adopted some laws such as “La ley de peligrosidad social” to put in jail the homosexual.
- 17. B. Laws Changing the Status of Homosexuality 1995: Canada forbid the homosexual discrimination and qualified it as “anti- constitutional”. Homosexual practices are decriminalized in 1962 in Illinois, in 1967 in Great Britain and in 1969 in Western Germany. In 2003: The American Supreme Court abolished laws against sexual homosexual practices. 1993: Russia depenalized it in 1993 followed by Germany one year later.
- 18. C. Marriage for All In 2005, The first homosexual union is done in Northern Ireland with equal right as heterosexual and in Belgium, the adoption law is voted by the Belgium parliament. The state of California also legalized the marriage for homosexual couple in 2008. In 2001, the Netherlands legalized the marriage for all followed by Belgium, Canada, Spain and South Africa. In November 2018, 25 countries have legalized the homosexual marriage and the most of them legalized the adoption when the are married. Irish married couple Richard Dowling and Cormac Gollogly as the first ever same sex marriage in Ireland (November, 17, 2015) // Charles McQuillan— Getty Images Richard Rawstorn (L) with Richard Andrew in New Zealand walk down the isle after getting married // Marty Melville—AFP/Getty Images
- 20. Nowadays, there are again 76 countries which are against the homosexual marriage. 10 of them practice death penalty sentence.
- 21. In 17th May, 2005: The 1st International Day against Homophobia and Transphobia is lead in 40 countries. In 2008: Xavier Darcos tried to fight against homophobia with prevention campaign in France High Schools.
- 22. Conclusion Marriage for all has been a great step for society, but there are still sensitive issues such as adoption, or bisexuality which is, for its part, even less well integrated than homosexuality. There are other sexual orientations called "binary" or monosexual : asexual, bisexual, heterosexual. And non-binary categories like androphilia and gynephilia, bi-curious, gray asexuality ,non heterosexual, pansexuality and polysexuality. It will take time for mentalities to change, but we are on the right track. Younger generations are becoming more open-minded. Since then, many associations have emerged to protect the rights of homosexuals and fight against discrimination.
- 24. Thanks for Reading ! Some of 3,000 people protest on April 8, 2013 against Russian President Vladimir Putin's visit to Amsterdam with rainbow flags // Robin Utrecht—AFP/Getty Images