This document discusses the history and processes of European imperialism from the late 1400s to mid-1900s. It was conducted in three eras: exploration, colonialism, and imperialism. Imperialism involved establishing political, economic, military, cultural, physical, and psychological control over colonies for the benefit of the controlling nation. Key periods included mercantilism and the height of European empires in the late 1800s. American imperialism was also discussed, including the concept of "Manifest Destiny." The document outlines the civilizing project of imposing Western norms and institutions on colonized peoples through various structural processes.