1. ISTITUTO TECNICO STATALE “G. GARIBALDI”
SETTORE ECONOMICO E TURISMO
Ind: Amministrazione, Finanza e Marketing – Sistemi Informativi Aziendali
Via Trapani 306 – 91025 MARSALA (TP) Cod.Fisc. : 82005650815
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Progetto: Responsibility
Dir. Scol.: Prof.ssa Sara Ester Garamella
Docenti: M. Mondello, R. Galifi, P. Cordaro, F. Marino.
Alunni: C. Giordano, R. Ingianni, N. La Grutta, F. Russo
2. Racism and xenophobia, in Italy, have always been present
throughout the history of the country
3. In contemporary times, actions by the Lega Nord or events such
as, just to name a few, the murder of Burkina Faso native Abdul
Salam Guibre on 20th September 2008,
the riot in Rosarno and the racist chants and behaviour towards
football players like, for instance, Boateng and Balotelli, have
been criticised as racist and xenophobic
4. However, under Benito Mussolini ‘s fascist state, xenophobia
and racism spread, both towards Jews and the natives in
Ethiopia and Libia ( Italian colonies at that time ) .
5. As Mussolini himself felt, “the white man has to subdue the
black, brown and yellow races”
6. Mussolini’s twenty-year-long fascist dictatorship was
responsible for about a million premature deaths, taking into
considerations, apart from those who died during the Second
World War, those who died in the various wars engaged by the
so-called “empire” ( to “restore order” in the colonies ) and those
who died because of the racial laws
7. In 1938, the National Socialist Office of Racil Politics (Germany)*
and the Italian Office for the Study of Race met to develop a
scientific explanation to the policies of racism .
8. Out of this meeting came the “Manifesto of racial scientists”
(signed, also, with regard to Italy, by two doctors, an
anthropologist , a zoologist and a statistician), a document
which pretended to give a scientific basis and sought to justify
the racial policies held against all non-Aryan peoples.
9. *The historian Renzo De Felice says that the influence of the
Nazis and of Germany was determinant but not direct .
10. “The Manifesto of racial scientists” in brief
1. Human races exist . This reality is represented in physical and
psychological characteristics which are inherited .
11. 2. There exist large races ( white or black ) and small races
(Nordic or Mediterranean) . From a biological point of view,
these smaller groups constitute the true races .
12. 3. The concept of race is purely biological . The Italians are
different from the others not only because they have a different
language and a different history, but because they are a different
race ( !!! ) .
13. 4. The majority of the Italian population is Aryan in origin .
5. After the invasion of the Germanic Lombards, no other
important movements of people influenced the race of the nation
14. 6. There exists a pure Italian race of blood
7. It is time that the Italians proclaim themselves frankly racist
15. 8. There is a clear distinction between the European/Western
Mediterranean races and the Eastern Mediterranean/
African/Semitic and North African ones .
16. 9. Jews don’t belong to the Italian race and cannot assimilate .
10. The pure European race would be altered by breeding with
any other non European race.
17. Racial Laws
The Manifesto laid the foundations for Mussolini racial policies
( which, however, proved to be unpopular to most Italians ).
They included :
18. 1. All those who had a parent, a grandparent or just a relative
who was a Jew were defined Jews . In this way, they were
subject to all laws against Jews .
19. 2. Stripping Jews of their Italian citizenship .
3. All Jews had to surrender their passports and have them
stamped with a large red J so that all their movements could be
tracked .
20. 4. Jews were banned from many jobs, including any position in
the government, banking, finance and other “educate”
professions .
21. 5. Jews were banned from all education institutions
6. Prohibiting marriage between Jews and non-Jews .
22. 7. Prohibiting attendance of Jewish students at public
elementary and secondary schools and universities
23. 8. Jewish property was confiscated
9. A specific Jewish census in 1938 led to and facilitated the
arrests of thousands from 1943 to 1944 .
24. 10. After 1940, Jewish citizens were subjected to forced labour .
11. Jews were obliged to live only within the walls of the Jewish
Quarters of the cities, the ghettoes which were guarded by
soldiers
25. Cartoons of propaganda after the racial laws in 1938
Jews are not allowed
• to serve ( join the Army )
• to act as protectors
26. • to own companies related to national defence
• to own estates and buildings
• to have Aryan servants
27. Deportation of foreign Jews
It’s impossible for Jews to be
• both in military and civil administrative offices
• in the Party
28. Jews banned from Italian schools
• in local authorities
• in banks
• in insurance companies
