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Minimalism
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- 2. What is Minimalism? •Never clearly defined movement • Artists within the movement opposed each other • “Much has been written about minimal art, but I have not discovered anyone who admits to doing this kind of thing” -LeWitt
- 3. How it began •Against abstract expressionism • Turn away from inner psychological expression toward observation and referencing everyday life • Wanted a more American art form • “Getting rid of the things that people used to think were essential to art” - Judd
- 4. Abstract Expressionism Number 28, 1950 Jackson Pollock (1950) Minimalism Tomlinson Court Park (from Black Series I) Frank Stella (1967)
- 5. Physical Characteristics • Clean, bare, simple • Monochromatic colors • Geometric shapes, and clean lines • Repitition • Industrial materials (pre-made) • Installations • Gallery scale
- 6. Symbolic Characteristics • Voidof emotional meaning • Void of political intent • Void of associations and symbolism • Some artists drew inspiration from things, but it wasn‟t meant to be hidden. • “What you see, is what you see”-Stella
- 7. Main Artists • Frank Stella-1936 to Present • Sol LeWitt-1928 to 2007 • Dan Flavin-1933 to1996 • Donald Judd-1928 to 1994 • Carl Andre-1935 to Present • Robert Morris- 1931 to Present
- 8. Frank Stella • Painter/printmaker/sculptor/architect •Influenced by Abstract Expressionism – Wanted to divert from it • Emphasize flatness of canvas • Worked with basic elements of art • Black geometric Color Curve 3D Painting Printing Sculpture Architecture
- 9. Frank Stella Zambezi (1959)
- 10. Frank Stella Flin FlonVIII (1970)
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- 12. Sol LeWitt • Sculptor/painter/drawings • Wall Drawings • Both color and grayscale • Require massive teams • LeWitt was a director • Months to make • Interested in ideas not objects.
- 13. Sol LeWitt Drawing 880 (1998)
- 14. Sol LeWitt WallDrawing Timelapse • http://www.massmoca.org/lewitt/timelapse. php?id=1 (Rainbow Swirl)
- 15. Sol LeWitt cont. •Structures – Modular Structures • Skeletal Framework • Focused on texture • Later moved on to complex forms
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- 17. Wall Structure (SideView)
- 18. Five Modular Structures(1972)
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- 21. Dan Flavin • Light Propositions • Inhabits entire space with light • Wash walls with color • Makes the most with least material • Mixes light together like paint • Not meant to be permanent • Corners, barriers, corridors
- 22. Dan Flavin Untitled (in honor of Harold Joachim) 3 (1977)
- 23. Monument 4 forthose who have been killed in ambush (to P.K. who reminded me about death) (1966)
- 24. Donald Judd • Startedoff with paintings • “Specific Objects” • Forms included „stacks‟, „boxes‟, and „progressions‟ • Industrial materials • Designed for specific locations • Critic of art
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- 28. Carl Andre • Sculptor •Raw materials • Sculpture-as-place • Designed for specific locations • Gallery scale
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- 30. Andre Stella
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- 33. Minimalist Music • Repition • Short phrases • Long periods of time • Stasis • Steady, constant harmony and pulse • Hypnotic Effect • Composers – Phillip Glass, La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich
- 34. Minimalist Music • PhillipGlass – 600 Lines http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYnDg7W6GpE – Repetitive – Quick switches in rhythm – Long period of time (player stamina) • La Monte Young – The Well Tuned Piano – Monotonous http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7tmxHhcH0w – Deals with the physics of sound – How it sounds – Influenced by mathematical compositions
- 35. Robert Morris • Not always a Minimalist • Theatre -stage props • “Blank Forms” • Unstructured forms • Gallery scale • Mirrors
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- 37. Mirrored Cubes (1965)
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- 39. Criticisms • Lack of complexity • Incoherent movement • Simple, no skill required • Only difference between this art and everyday life, is the setting of the gallery
- 40. Afterwards • Lead toa contemporary form of minimalism • Headed toward land art • Influenced Architecture and Interior Design