The document provides an overview of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. The Ming Dynasty restored native rule after the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and built the Great Wall to protect against northern nomads. However, the Ming Dynasty declined due to imperial extravagance, corruption, and piracy. The last Ming emperor committed suicide in 1644. The Qing Dynasty was founded by the Manchus in the northeast and went on to conquer all of China by the 1680s due to their military strength. The Qing Dynasty promoted Confucianism and stability under long-reigning emperors like Kangxi and Qianlong.
The document summarizes the Ming Dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. Some key aspects include:
- The Ming Dynasty was established after the Mongol Yuan Dynasty lost the Mandate of Heaven.
- The Ming Dynasty saw a period of economic and cultural prosperity in China, with a large population and advances in agriculture, industry, arts, and naval exploration.
- However, corruption and natural disasters in the 17th century weakened the Ming and led to its eventual collapse, with the Manchu people establishing the Qing Dynasty in China in 1644.
Unit 6 lesson 2 ming dynasty power pointCRCourseDev
The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644. A peasant rebellion overthrew the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, establishing the Ming Dynasty. The early Ming emperors ran an effective centralized bureaucracy and presided over a period of economic prosperity. However, weak later rulers, corruption, high taxes, and natural disasters led to widespread unrest and rebellion, culminating in the fall of Beijing and the end of the Ming Dynasty in 1644.
The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644 and controlled territory from Korea to Southeast Asia. It rose after the decline of the Yuan Dynasty due to civil war, natural disasters, and peasant rebellions. The Ming was China's last dynasty and one of its most prosperous eras, with a strong central government. Key figures included Hongwu, who founded the dynasty and maintained a strong military, and Zheng He, who led naval expeditions to Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa between 1405 and 1433. The Ming pursued isolationist foreign policies and saw the arrival of the first Europeans in 1514.
The document provides information on absolutism, the rise of Europe, coercive labor systems like slavery and serfdom, and cultural and intellectual developments from 1450-1750. It discusses centralized governments and divine right rule under monarchs like Hongwu, Tokugawa, Mughal emperors, and King Louis XIV. Portugal and Spain led the initial exploration from Europe in search of new trade routes and wealth through gold, God, and glory. This led to the colonization of Latin America. The period also saw the Protestant Reformation, scientific revolution, enlightenment, and the rise of new economic systems like mercantilism.
Ancient China was geographically isolated by natural barriers like deserts, mountains, and large bodies of water. This isolation influenced China's development, posing environmental challenges and limiting outside invasions. Early dynasties like the Xia and Shang emerged around 2000 BC and 1700 BC respectively, implementing irrigation projects and building walled cities for protection and governance. Chinese culture was centered around the family, with a social hierarchy divided between nobles and peasants. Religion involved ancestor worship and consulting gods through oracle bones. Writing also developed but had many symbols, limiting literacy.
Ancient China was isolated geographically by mountains, oceans, and deserts which protected it but also limited trade and exchange of ideas. Mountains along its eastern border, oceans to the west including the Pacific and seas, and the Gobi Desert to the north all naturally separated China. The Great Wall was later built for additional man-made isolation and defense from northern threats like Mongol invaders. While isolation provided protection, it also restricted economic growth through trade and exposure of Chinese citizens to outside information.
The document discusses Ming dynasty vases from China that can sell for millions of dollars due to special glazing techniques developed during that period. Key attributes that indicate an authentic Ming vase include translucent white porcelain, designs featuring dragons, fish, peonies or lotuses, and a dark blue glaze that is consistent in color. The document provides tips on identifying real Ming vases and suggests design elements to include when making replica vases.
The document provides an overview of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. The Ming Dynasty restored native rule after the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and built the Great Wall to protect against northern nomads. However, the Ming Dynasty declined due to imperial extravagance, corruption, and piracy. The last Ming emperor committed suicide in 1644. The Qing Dynasty was founded by the Manchus in the northeast and went on to conquer all of China by the 1680s due to their military strength. The Qing Dynasty promoted Confucianism and stability under long-reigning emperors like Kangxi and Qianlong.
The document summarizes the Ming Dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. Some key aspects include:
- The Ming Dynasty was established after the Mongol Yuan Dynasty lost the Mandate of Heaven.
- The Ming Dynasty saw a period of economic and cultural prosperity in China, with a large population and advances in agriculture, industry, arts, and naval exploration.
- However, corruption and natural disasters in the 17th century weakened the Ming and led to its eventual collapse, with the Manchu people establishing the Qing Dynasty in China in 1644.
Unit 6 lesson 2 ming dynasty power pointCRCourseDev
The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644. A peasant rebellion overthrew the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, establishing the Ming Dynasty. The early Ming emperors ran an effective centralized bureaucracy and presided over a period of economic prosperity. However, weak later rulers, corruption, high taxes, and natural disasters led to widespread unrest and rebellion, culminating in the fall of Beijing and the end of the Ming Dynasty in 1644.
The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644 and controlled territory from Korea to Southeast Asia. It rose after the decline of the Yuan Dynasty due to civil war, natural disasters, and peasant rebellions. The Ming was China's last dynasty and one of its most prosperous eras, with a strong central government. Key figures included Hongwu, who founded the dynasty and maintained a strong military, and Zheng He, who led naval expeditions to Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa between 1405 and 1433. The Ming pursued isolationist foreign policies and saw the arrival of the first Europeans in 1514.
The document provides information on absolutism, the rise of Europe, coercive labor systems like slavery and serfdom, and cultural and intellectual developments from 1450-1750. It discusses centralized governments and divine right rule under monarchs like Hongwu, Tokugawa, Mughal emperors, and King Louis XIV. Portugal and Spain led the initial exploration from Europe in search of new trade routes and wealth through gold, God, and glory. This led to the colonization of Latin America. The period also saw the Protestant Reformation, scientific revolution, enlightenment, and the rise of new economic systems like mercantilism.
Ancient China was geographically isolated by natural barriers like deserts, mountains, and large bodies of water. This isolation influenced China's development, posing environmental challenges and limiting outside invasions. Early dynasties like the Xia and Shang emerged around 2000 BC and 1700 BC respectively, implementing irrigation projects and building walled cities for protection and governance. Chinese culture was centered around the family, with a social hierarchy divided between nobles and peasants. Religion involved ancestor worship and consulting gods through oracle bones. Writing also developed but had many symbols, limiting literacy.
Ancient China was isolated geographically by mountains, oceans, and deserts which protected it but also limited trade and exchange of ideas. Mountains along its eastern border, oceans to the west including the Pacific and seas, and the Gobi Desert to the north all naturally separated China. The Great Wall was later built for additional man-made isolation and defense from northern threats like Mongol invaders. While isolation provided protection, it also restricted economic growth through trade and exposure of Chinese citizens to outside information.
The document discusses Ming dynasty vases from China that can sell for millions of dollars due to special glazing techniques developed during that period. Key attributes that indicate an authentic Ming vase include translucent white porcelain, designs featuring dragons, fish, peonies or lotuses, and a dark blue glaze that is consistent in color. The document provides tips on identifying real Ming vases and suggests design elements to include when making replica vases.
Genghis Khan and his descendants Ogedi Khan, Gujak Khan, Mongke Khan, and Kublai Khan led the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1368, with Kublai Khan going on to start the Yuan Dynasty in China after the Mongols conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe under the leadership of these great khans.
The Yuan Dynasty marked the rule of China by the Mongol Empire beginning in 1279, after the Song Dynasty was conquered. The Mongols were originally nomadic tribes from northern China led by the powerful khan Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. Genghis Khan and his armies went on to create the largest contiguous empire in world history through their highly disciplined forces and conquests across Asia and Eastern Europe. Following Genghis Khan's death, his sons and grandsons continued expanding the Mongol Empire, with his grandson Kublai Khan eventually proclaiming the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1279, establishing Mongol control over much of China.
The document discusses the Yuan Dynasty in China, which was established in 1271 after Kublai Khan conquered the Song Dynasty. Some key points:
1) The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Kublai Khan and was part of the vast Mongol Empire, which at its peak covered over 4.6 million square miles and was the largest empire in history.
2) While the Mongols adopted some aspects of Chinese governance, they maintained power and did not fully adopt Chinese culture, leading to tensions with the Chinese population.
3) The Yuan Dynasty encouraged trade and communication with other countries, importing goods from places like India and Arabia and exporting Chinese goods like silk and porcelain. However, taxes and
The Yuan Dynasty was established in 1279 by Kublai Khan after the Mongol invasion of China. Kublai Khan ruled as Emperor until his death in 1294. He established the capital at Dadu, the modern city of Beijing. The Yuan Dynasty ruled over China until 1368, implementing Mongolian and Chinese political and cultural traditions until internal conflicts and natural disasters weakened the empire. Zhu Yuanzhang then led a rebellion that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty.
The document provides an overview of some key aspects of New Orleans culture, including cemeteries, Mardi Gras, and Voodoo. It notes that New Orleans cemeteries have above-ground graves and tombs for famous individuals. Mardi Gras has origins in traditions and features krewes and beads thrown during parades on Bourbon Street. Voodoo originated in New Orleans and is associated with figures like Marie Laveau and practices like using voodoo dolls.
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from 1369-1644, focusing on the Late Ming and Qing dynasties. It discusses the Late Ming consumer culture and the rise of the Manchu Qing dynasty. The Qing created a multiethnic empire using banners to organize different groups. They conquered China as the Ming collapsed but faced rebellions. Foreign contacts increased during this period through trade and Jesuit missionaries in China.
Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty in China after defeating the Mongols in 1368. During its 300-year rule, the Ming Dynasty accomplished several major building projects and expanded China's international influence through voyages led by Zheng He. The Ming built the massive Forbidden City palace complex in Beijing, which included 9,000 rooms and was designed using Chinese symbols of power and philosophy. They also reconstructed sections of the Great Wall, expanding it to over 2,000 miles long. While the Ming initially engaged in overseas exploration and trade under Zheng He, they later adopted a policy of isolationism that aimed to eliminate all foreign influence.
The document summarizes ancient Chinese history from 1750 BCE to 170 CE. It describes the geography of ancient China and the origins of Chinese civilization along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. The earliest dynasties, the Xia and Shang dynasties, ruled in this region. The Shang Dynasty established the first capital at Anyang and ruled through a system of aristocratic families until being overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty in 1122 BCE. The Zhou Dynasty introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify changes in ruling dynasty and established feudalism. It was eventually weakened by warring states and internal conflict. The Qin Dynasty then unified China under a centralized legalist government and established many institutions that lasted
1) Under Tokugawa rule from 1603-1868, Japan was unified and isolated from the West. The Tokugawa shoguns established a feudal system headed by the Shogun and 250 daimyos.
2) Economic and social changes occurred as trade flourished, cities grew, and a merchant class emerged. However, Japanese society remained highly stratified into the four main classes of warriors, peasants, artisans, and merchants.
3) During this period, Japanese literature, theater, architecture, and other cultural developments thrived even as the country remained largely isolated from Western influence.
The Zhou Dynasty conquered the Shang Dynasty in 1027 BCE and ruled over China until 256 BCE. They justified their conquest by claiming the Shang had lost the Mandate of Heaven, the divine right to rule granted by the gods. During the long Zhou rule, Chinese culture and technology advanced significantly through ambitious public works and the introduction of iron, money, and early forms of writing. However, over time the Zhou kings lost control of the feudal lords, leading to a period of political unrest and war between states vying for more power and territory.
This document provides an overview of furniture styles from various Asian countries and time periods. It discusses Japanese furniture from prehistoric periods like Jomon and Yayoi through ancient periods like Nara and Heian. Common Japanese furniture like tatami mats, fusuma doors, and shoji screens are described. Chinese furniture styles and materials from early dynasties through Ming and Qing are outlined. Key Chinese furniture types like platform beds, day beds, and canopy beds are summarized. Construction techniques for Chinese furniture like frame and panel, corner leg, and recessed leg are also highlighted.
Best and Worst Manga - San Diego Comic-Con 2016Deb Aoki
see what an opinionated group of bloggers, librarians, retailers and comics insiders had to say about the best manga published between July 2015 - July 2016!
This document contains critical review questions about the rise of Russia and absolute rule. It discusses how the Mongol rule of Russia contributed to its lag behind the West. It also examines Catherine the Great's similarities to Peter the Great in westernizing and modernizing Russia. Additionally, it addresses how the expansion of serfdom provided benefits to the Russian government while exploiting peasants.
El documento es una carta de invitación al quinto Torneo Internacional de Rugby Infantil organizado por la Fundación de Rugby Cisneros y la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Se detalla la programación del evento de dos días que incluye partidos, conferencias y comidas. Participarán 12 equipos en la categoría de Alevines distribuidos en 3 grupos.
To conquer an empire like the Mongols, one must follow eight steps: 1) choose a target empire and send spies, 2) plan an army tailored to the enemy, 3) organize the army hierarchically, 4) train and arm the soldiers effectively, 5) ensure the army's mobility, 6) launch a coordinated attack, 7) continue fighting to achieve full conquest, and 8) control the conquered land by hiring foreigners. Proper preparation and strategy were keys to the Mongols' military success in building a vast empire.
The Mongols originated on the Central Asian steppe and favored horse archery due to their nomadic lifestyle. Their tactics included feigning retreats to lure enemies into traps before attacking with lancers. To conquer cities, the Mongols would bombard walls with siege engines and launch plague victims over the walls. Under Genghis Khan's leadership, the Mongols unified the clans and went on to attack China, Central Asia, and the Middle East, establishing the largest contiguous land empire in history. However, the Mongol Empire eventually fractured into smaller khanates and declined due to infighting and rebellions against their rule.
Between 1450 and 1750, the global balance of power shifted significantly as the influence of Islam and the Mongols declined. Europe began to take a more dominant role economically and politically during this period through expansion, colonization, and the development of new technologies and navigation techniques. Key events included the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate and Byzantine Empire, the rise of the Ottoman Empire, and the Ming dynasty's withdrawal from exploration under Zheng He. European powers like Portugal, Spain, Italy and England emerged as global colonial powers through their exploration of Africa, Asia, and the Americas in this period.
The Mongols originated on the Mongolian steppes and were nomadic pastoralists skilled in horsemanship and archery. Under Genghis Khan in the 1200s, they created a unified military force and used innovative tactics like mobility and psychological warfare to build the largest land empire in world history, conquering regions from Eastern Europe to East Asia. Their empire peaked under subsequent khans but later fragmented into four khanates, with conquered regions experiencing varying levels of destruction and administration under Mongol rule.
China faced increasing foreign domination and internal instability in the 19th century. The Opium Wars forced China to open ports to foreign trade and cede Hong Kong to Britain. Western powers imposed unequal treaties on China and established spheres of influence. The Taiping and Boxer Rebellions weakened the Qing dynasty. Reform efforts like the Self-Strengthening Movement and Hundred Days of Reform achieved only limited success. This instability led to the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911 under Sun Yixian, ending over 2000 years of imperial rule. However, the new republic still faced immense challenges, including foreign encroachment and domestic unrest.
Genghis Khan and his descendants Ogedi Khan, Gujak Khan, Mongke Khan, and Kublai Khan led the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1368, with Kublai Khan going on to start the Yuan Dynasty in China after the Mongols conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe under the leadership of these great khans.
The Yuan Dynasty marked the rule of China by the Mongol Empire beginning in 1279, after the Song Dynasty was conquered. The Mongols were originally nomadic tribes from northern China led by the powerful khan Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. Genghis Khan and his armies went on to create the largest contiguous empire in world history through their highly disciplined forces and conquests across Asia and Eastern Europe. Following Genghis Khan's death, his sons and grandsons continued expanding the Mongol Empire, with his grandson Kublai Khan eventually proclaiming the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1279, establishing Mongol control over much of China.
The document discusses the Yuan Dynasty in China, which was established in 1271 after Kublai Khan conquered the Song Dynasty. Some key points:
1) The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Kublai Khan and was part of the vast Mongol Empire, which at its peak covered over 4.6 million square miles and was the largest empire in history.
2) While the Mongols adopted some aspects of Chinese governance, they maintained power and did not fully adopt Chinese culture, leading to tensions with the Chinese population.
3) The Yuan Dynasty encouraged trade and communication with other countries, importing goods from places like India and Arabia and exporting Chinese goods like silk and porcelain. However, taxes and
The Yuan Dynasty was established in 1279 by Kublai Khan after the Mongol invasion of China. Kublai Khan ruled as Emperor until his death in 1294. He established the capital at Dadu, the modern city of Beijing. The Yuan Dynasty ruled over China until 1368, implementing Mongolian and Chinese political and cultural traditions until internal conflicts and natural disasters weakened the empire. Zhu Yuanzhang then led a rebellion that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty.
The document provides an overview of some key aspects of New Orleans culture, including cemeteries, Mardi Gras, and Voodoo. It notes that New Orleans cemeteries have above-ground graves and tombs for famous individuals. Mardi Gras has origins in traditions and features krewes and beads thrown during parades on Bourbon Street. Voodoo originated in New Orleans and is associated with figures like Marie Laveau and practices like using voodoo dolls.
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from 1369-1644, focusing on the Late Ming and Qing dynasties. It discusses the Late Ming consumer culture and the rise of the Manchu Qing dynasty. The Qing created a multiethnic empire using banners to organize different groups. They conquered China as the Ming collapsed but faced rebellions. Foreign contacts increased during this period through trade and Jesuit missionaries in China.
Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty in China after defeating the Mongols in 1368. During its 300-year rule, the Ming Dynasty accomplished several major building projects and expanded China's international influence through voyages led by Zheng He. The Ming built the massive Forbidden City palace complex in Beijing, which included 9,000 rooms and was designed using Chinese symbols of power and philosophy. They also reconstructed sections of the Great Wall, expanding it to over 2,000 miles long. While the Ming initially engaged in overseas exploration and trade under Zheng He, they later adopted a policy of isolationism that aimed to eliminate all foreign influence.
The document summarizes ancient Chinese history from 1750 BCE to 170 CE. It describes the geography of ancient China and the origins of Chinese civilization along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. The earliest dynasties, the Xia and Shang dynasties, ruled in this region. The Shang Dynasty established the first capital at Anyang and ruled through a system of aristocratic families until being overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty in 1122 BCE. The Zhou Dynasty introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify changes in ruling dynasty and established feudalism. It was eventually weakened by warring states and internal conflict. The Qin Dynasty then unified China under a centralized legalist government and established many institutions that lasted
1) Under Tokugawa rule from 1603-1868, Japan was unified and isolated from the West. The Tokugawa shoguns established a feudal system headed by the Shogun and 250 daimyos.
2) Economic and social changes occurred as trade flourished, cities grew, and a merchant class emerged. However, Japanese society remained highly stratified into the four main classes of warriors, peasants, artisans, and merchants.
3) During this period, Japanese literature, theater, architecture, and other cultural developments thrived even as the country remained largely isolated from Western influence.
The Zhou Dynasty conquered the Shang Dynasty in 1027 BCE and ruled over China until 256 BCE. They justified their conquest by claiming the Shang had lost the Mandate of Heaven, the divine right to rule granted by the gods. During the long Zhou rule, Chinese culture and technology advanced significantly through ambitious public works and the introduction of iron, money, and early forms of writing. However, over time the Zhou kings lost control of the feudal lords, leading to a period of political unrest and war between states vying for more power and territory.
This document provides an overview of furniture styles from various Asian countries and time periods. It discusses Japanese furniture from prehistoric periods like Jomon and Yayoi through ancient periods like Nara and Heian. Common Japanese furniture like tatami mats, fusuma doors, and shoji screens are described. Chinese furniture styles and materials from early dynasties through Ming and Qing are outlined. Key Chinese furniture types like platform beds, day beds, and canopy beds are summarized. Construction techniques for Chinese furniture like frame and panel, corner leg, and recessed leg are also highlighted.
Best and Worst Manga - San Diego Comic-Con 2016Deb Aoki
see what an opinionated group of bloggers, librarians, retailers and comics insiders had to say about the best manga published between July 2015 - July 2016!
This document contains critical review questions about the rise of Russia and absolute rule. It discusses how the Mongol rule of Russia contributed to its lag behind the West. It also examines Catherine the Great's similarities to Peter the Great in westernizing and modernizing Russia. Additionally, it addresses how the expansion of serfdom provided benefits to the Russian government while exploiting peasants.
El documento es una carta de invitación al quinto Torneo Internacional de Rugby Infantil organizado por la Fundación de Rugby Cisneros y la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Se detalla la programación del evento de dos días que incluye partidos, conferencias y comidas. Participarán 12 equipos en la categoría de Alevines distribuidos en 3 grupos.
To conquer an empire like the Mongols, one must follow eight steps: 1) choose a target empire and send spies, 2) plan an army tailored to the enemy, 3) organize the army hierarchically, 4) train and arm the soldiers effectively, 5) ensure the army's mobility, 6) launch a coordinated attack, 7) continue fighting to achieve full conquest, and 8) control the conquered land by hiring foreigners. Proper preparation and strategy were keys to the Mongols' military success in building a vast empire.
The Mongols originated on the Central Asian steppe and favored horse archery due to their nomadic lifestyle. Their tactics included feigning retreats to lure enemies into traps before attacking with lancers. To conquer cities, the Mongols would bombard walls with siege engines and launch plague victims over the walls. Under Genghis Khan's leadership, the Mongols unified the clans and went on to attack China, Central Asia, and the Middle East, establishing the largest contiguous land empire in history. However, the Mongol Empire eventually fractured into smaller khanates and declined due to infighting and rebellions against their rule.
Between 1450 and 1750, the global balance of power shifted significantly as the influence of Islam and the Mongols declined. Europe began to take a more dominant role economically and politically during this period through expansion, colonization, and the development of new technologies and navigation techniques. Key events included the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate and Byzantine Empire, the rise of the Ottoman Empire, and the Ming dynasty's withdrawal from exploration under Zheng He. European powers like Portugal, Spain, Italy and England emerged as global colonial powers through their exploration of Africa, Asia, and the Americas in this period.
The Mongols originated on the Mongolian steppes and were nomadic pastoralists skilled in horsemanship and archery. Under Genghis Khan in the 1200s, they created a unified military force and used innovative tactics like mobility and psychological warfare to build the largest land empire in world history, conquering regions from Eastern Europe to East Asia. Their empire peaked under subsequent khans but later fragmented into four khanates, with conquered regions experiencing varying levels of destruction and administration under Mongol rule.
China faced increasing foreign domination and internal instability in the 19th century. The Opium Wars forced China to open ports to foreign trade and cede Hong Kong to Britain. Western powers imposed unequal treaties on China and established spheres of influence. The Taiping and Boxer Rebellions weakened the Qing dynasty. Reform efforts like the Self-Strengthening Movement and Hundred Days of Reform achieved only limited success. This instability led to the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911 under Sun Yixian, ending over 2000 years of imperial rule. However, the new republic still faced immense challenges, including foreign encroachment and domestic unrest.
The Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) established China's first empire under Shi Huangdi. It promoted legalism, bureaucratic administration and centralized control. Shi Huangdi ordered the burning of Confucian texts and buried scholars alive. The dynasty collapsed after his death due to oppression and succession struggles. The Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) established a synthesis of legalism and Confucianism. Emperor Wu strengthened the government and expanded the empire through war and colonization, but struggled against the nomadic Xiongnu. The Han developed a stable bureaucracy and society structured around Confucian family and social values. The Silk Road flourished during this period, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between China and the
This document provides information on China's dynastic periods from Shang to Qing, with a focus on the Six Dynasties period, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, and Song Dynasty. Key points include: the Six Dynasties period saw political fragmentation and the emergence of northern and southern Chinese states; the Sui Dynasty reunified China and established critical infrastructure like the Grand Canal; the Tang Dynasty was a golden age of prosperity and cultural flourishing, though internal conflicts contributed to its decline; the Song Dynasty ruled a smaller but stable and wealthy empire, until northern China was lost to invaders.
The Roman Republic transitioned to the Roman Empire over centuries as Rome expanded from a small city-state into a massive empire through military conquests. Key events included the overthrow of the Etruscan kings in 509 BCE to establish the Republic, the Punic Wars in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE which made Rome dominant in the Mediterranean, and the civil wars and rise of powerful generals in the 1st century BCE which weakened the Republic. The Republic ended and the Empire began when Octavian, as the first emperor Augustus, established the Principate and 200 year period of Pax Romana and stability from 27 BCE-180 CE.
The document discusses the Gothic cathedral architectural style that originated in France in the 12th century. Some key aspects of the Gothic style include pointed arches, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, and tall structures filled with light. Gothic cathedrals used structural engineering advances to allow for greater height and large windows, with the goals of filling the interior with light and creating a heightened spiritual experience for visitors.
This document provides an overview of medieval Europe, focusing on the relationship between secular and religious power. It discusses how the Catholic Church became deeply involved in government during this period and established a common religious identity across Europe. It also examines the feudal system of land ownership and social roles, the Crusades, and influential figures like Charlemagne and Pope Gregory VII who challenged lay investiture. Overall, the document analyzes how the Catholic Church established itself as a unifying religious and political force in medieval Europe while also contesting power with secular rulers at times.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
2. Age of Exploration Begins
1500s
• The Portuguese, led by
Vasco da Gama, were the
first Europeans to reach
the Indian Ocean by sea
in 1497
• They joined a vast,
diverse trade network
controlled by Arab
Muslim traders
• European rulers had
political & religious
reasons to want to find
an all-water route to Asia
– wanted to get around
the overland routes
controlled by the Italians
and Muslims who
charged large fees
3. Global Trade Network – 1650-1750
• Europeans lacked goods desired
by Asians, so large quantities of
silver (mostly from the New
World) were required to bring
Asian goods back to Europe
• First the Portuguese, then the
Spanish, French, Dutch, and
British found their way into the
Indian Ocean trade network
• British, French, and Dutch
established trading companies in
the East – joint-stock companies
such as the British East India
Company that were funded by
private investors
• British eventually would control
all of India
** East Asia will increasingly
get pulled into the global
marketplace despite attempts
at isolating themselves from
foreign influences and conflicts
4. Ming Dynasty China (1368-1644)
• Goal of the Ming: restore China’s power and
traditions
• How can they achieve this goal?
– By extending China’s power outside of its borders?
– By turning inward and focusing on the
preservation of China’s history and culture?
5. Ming Dynasty China (1368-1644)
• Defeated the Mongols in 1368
• Reestablished Confucian based government
• Attempted to eliminate all signs of foreign rule
and promoted a return to traditional Chinese
values and traditions
• Second emperor moved the capital to Beijing
and constructed the Forbidden City
6. Recovery in China - Overview
Ming ChinaPolitical Development
Mongols collapsed in 1368.
Hongwu Emperor,
established the Ming
Dynasty.
Erase memory of Mongol
occupation.
Confucian education and
civil service reinstated.
Private merchants traded
and manufactured porcelain,
silk, and cotton.
Ming “Brilliant” Dynasty
lasted until 1644.
Intellectual Development
Neo-Confucianism promoted
Yongle Encyclopedia
promoted Chinese traditions.
Jesuit missionaries (Mateo
Ricci) introduce European
technology and beliefs.
Wider production of printed
materials. Novels written in
Chinese.
7.
8. Ming Ruling Principles
Confucian beliefs about the relationship
between the ruler and the ruled—everyone
must fulfill their roles and duties
Ruler seen as example of proper behavior
Ritual provides social cohesion
Government is a meritocracy (awarded for
talents and effort)
Examination system reinstated
9. Hongwu Emperor / Ming Taizu
• Demands increased respect for the emperor
• Continues to rule from Yuan capital of Nanjing
• Wants people to obey, misdeeds punished quickly
• Revised the legal code and taxes
•Established a large military but it was not efficient
•Employed eunuchs (castrated boys/men – often prisoners of war)
in the expectation that servants whose fortunes depended on the
emperors’ favor would work to advance the emperors’ interests
•Eunuchs gained political influence during the Ming due to access
to the emperor and to the women of the court
•Hongwu mistrusted many—ordered killings / purges of officials,
may have been mentally ill
10. Hongwu Emperor /
Focus on Agriculture
• Restored farming lands devastated by warfare
• Improved irrigation and rice production
• Cash crops – commercial farming of cotton and sugarcane
encouraged
• Fish farming
• Increased trade eventually brought new crops from the
Americas in the 16th century – corn, sweet potatoes, chili
peppers – effects were increased population but also soil
depletion over time
11. Zhu Di, Yongle Emperor
(ruled 1402-1424)
• Born Zhu Di—seized throne by force from his nephew
• Used terror to keep government officials in line
• Moved the capital to Beijing in north---better able to secure China’s
borders and watch for an invasion from Mongols & Manchus
• Aggressive foreign policy – militaristic & outward looking:
– attacked Mongolia in 5 campaigns and beat back the Mongols
– Conquered Vietnam in 1407 (held it for only 2 decades)
• Built Beijing’s Forbidden City to house his palace and government
buildings—closed to all commoners and foreigners
• Continued to support the extension of the Great Wall as a barrier
against the nomadic tribes in the north
• Renovated the Grand Canal – deepened and broadened it – acted as
a lifeline for the new Beijing capital supplying food
12. • Restored China after years of Mongol neglect
– Brought back civil service exams
– Restored farm land / planted New World crops
– Rebuilt canals, reservoirs, and irrigation works
– Planted a billion trees and reforested China
– Helped the economy rebound
– Saw population growth
– Began extensive maritime
expeditions & then turned inward
Ming Dynasty China (1368-1644)
14. Tribute System: Foundation of Ming
Foreign Policy
• Tribute system was the centerpiece of the Chinese world order.
• Involved: The giving of gifts and the ritual of foreign ambassadors
kowtowing in front of the Chinese Emperor were part of a hierarchy that
placed the emperor at the center of the world.
• Seen as foreign acceptance of the superior status of the Chinese emperor
and thus of China itself
• China's rulers viewed trade as subordinate to tribute. Tribute missions
were presented with valuable gifts that showcased China's economic and
cultural supremacy.
• Foreign states were granted limited trading privileges with China
• Trade with China was more important to the foreigners than it was to the
Chinese rulers who prided themselves on their self-sufficiency
**Kowtowing before the emperor
16. Forbidden City: 1407-1420 constructed (hundreds of thousands of
workers involved)
Purpose: House the emperor and the government---all commoners
and foreigners are banned
17. Ming Maritime Missions
• Launched by Emperor Yongle in 1405
• Launched six expeditions in 28 years
• Largest expeditions in history up to that time
• First expedition led by Zheng He included:
– 300 boats
– 27,000 crew members
– 180 physicians
– 5 astrologers
– Carpenters, tailors, accountants, merchants, cooks,
soldiers, and sailors
18. Shipbuilding in the southern Fujian province
was well established by the time of the Ming
**Replica of Zheng
He’s ships being
constructed
19. But the real peak in Chinese maritime prowess is
symbolized in the extraordinary tale of one man:
Admiral Zheng He.
During his 28 year naval career, Admiral Zheng visited 37
countries and commanded a single fleet whose numbers
surpassed the combined fleets of all Europe. Some
scholars argue that Zheng He sailed into the Atlantic and
possibly to the Americas (Chinese map – 1418)
Painting of a
giraffe brought
back to the Ming
emperor by Zheng
He—no one in
China had seen a
giraffe before and
believed it was
related to the
mythical unicorn
20.
21.
22. Purpose of Chinese Expeditions
• Establish Chinese power and prestige in the world
• Zheng He knew where he was going—these were not
voyages of exploration—goal was to show the world
that the Ming had expelled the Mongols and
returned China to its former glory (also to re-
establish tribute system)
• Did not seek to:
– Conquer territory
– Spread culture
– Gain control of foreign markets
23. Goals of Zheng He’s Expeditions
1. Established tributary relations with regions
throughout the eastern hemisphere – rulers
acknowledge China’s superiority
1. Demonstrate China’s technological advances
2. Opening trade routes / increasing trade
3. Seek new medical advances / medicine
4. Use force if necessary to put down pirates and to
force submission to China
24. A stationary full-size model of a "middle-sized" treasure ship
(63.25 m long) at the Treasure Ship Shipyard site - Nanjing
25. The Sudden End of the Voyages
• 1424 -Yongle dies - his successor immediately ends expeditions –
big ships broken apart for lumber
• Confucian officials saw expeditions as a waste of money and
resources
• Disputes in the government between the conservative Confucian
officials and the eunuchs (supported voyages)
• Many believed China should focus on fortifying its northern
border against nomadic invaders
• Merchants now funded sea trade, establishing themselves in
Southeast Asia and elsewhere – so state-run voyages and tribute
system no longer necessary
• Believed China was a self-sufficient “Middle Kingdom” that
required little from the outside world – the world should come to
China
26. The Ming & the Mongols
• Northern border – easy to move in and out of China
• Some Mongols settled in China (most were in the Ming army)
–intermarriage was encouraged
• Early 15th century – the Yongle emperor led a series of
campaigns against the Mongols and pushed them back (he
died in 1424 returning from the 5th campaign)
• Mongol raids continued in the 1500s –Alta Khan seized a
million head cattle, captured or killed 200,000
• Policy – offensive attacks and trade disguised as tribute to
pacify Mongols
• Ming emperors starting with Yongle carried out the expansion
of the Great Wall to try to keep Mongols out
• Disputes in Ming government about how to deal with the
threat – appease the Mongols or refuse to negotiate?
27.
28. GREAT WALL
• Mongols continued to represent a serious threat
to China’s stability
• Ming emperors greatly expanded the Great Wall
of China --took its final form being extended more
than 600 miles—extension built out of brick,
contained thousands of watchtowers, 35 feet
hight, 20 feet wide
• Expansion of the wall – intended to end the
disputes between officials – some wanted to
expand trade with the Mongols while others
insisted no compromises be made with them
• Large workforce and army required—untold
numbers perished
29.
30. Great Wall: Ming built
part of the wall is about
1,500 miles long
31. MING DYNASTY: BEGINNING OF
CHINA’S ISOLATION
Foreign merchants in China closely
supervised by government
Limited access for foreign merchants to a
few specific ports
Chinese merchants were not encouraged to
trade overseas
No large ship yards allowed
No trading corporations supported
China could not compete with Europe by the
time of the Qing Dynasty
32.
33. Ming: Trade & Piracy Along Coasts
• Ming tried unsuccessfully to limit and regulate foreign
trade…demand for Chinese goods was high and
merchants were willing to sell on black market
• Traded with East Asian neighbors and after 1500 with
Portugal and Spain
• Portuguese occupied the island of Macau – built a trading
community there – acted as the trade middlemen
between Japan and China
• Pirates in South China Sea became very powerful
• Ming eventually ordered evacuation of coastal regions
due to the threat posed by pirates
• Grand Canal became the main means for domestic
trade--
34. The Grand Canal was a
major means for
transporting grain, salt,
and other important
commodities.
Any taxes that were paid
in kind were paid in grain,
which was shipped along
the Grand Canal to
Beijing.
35. Ming: Foreign Trade / Europeans
Ming had the strongest economy in Asia at the time
Used paper money early in the reign and then switched to silver as their
means of exchange (eventually too much silver will cause economic
decline)
Confucian beliefs: agriculture is key to orderly society
Only the government allowed to conduct foreign trade
Merchants were seen as supporting foreigners and robbery
Despite this manufacturing and commerce continued to grow
China had many important markets
Private merchants continued to support sea trade and to smuggle goods
out of country through black market
36. Ming: Foreign Trade / Europeans
Canton became the most important port in China by the 1600s – chief port
for foreigners conducting legal trade with China
Thousands of ships could be seen visiting Canton
Thanks to trade, Canton was also a center for shipbuilding
Chinese ships, called junks, did not travel as widely as European ships did
during the First Global Era because the Chinese government made long-
distance voyages illegal.
Despite this, Cantonese trading ships often made shorter trips to the
Philippines, Java, and Sumatra.
Europeans used New World silver to buy silk, ceramics, and exotic goods
Ming’s isolationist policies could not keep China out of the increasingly
globalized trade networks
Qing dynasty would continue carefully managing trade with Europeans,
but would also continue to see the growth of a more globalized trade
network and a more advanced market economy
37. Jesuit Missionaries
• Jesuit missionaries arrived in China on trading ships
to spread Christianity
• Matteo Ricci arrived in China in 1582 and arranged
for the Jesuits to become court advisors to the Ming
– Ricci was the first missionary to impact Ming China
• Ming – most were not interested in converting to
Western religion – but did want access to Western
knowledge through the scholarly Jesuits
• Missionaries shared science and technology with the
Ming – introduced the clock & telescope to China -
math, astronomy, engineering knowledge
• Other Catholic missionary orders arrived in the 17th
century – less tolerant of Chinese customs than the
Jesuits were leading to controversies and expulsion
38. • Government sponsorship of foreign trade and
exploration ended
• Chinese merchants and craftsmen continued
to settle and trade in Japan, the Philippines,
Taiwan and Southeast Asia -- economic
growth continued
• Global commerce continued to be China-
centered through the First Global Age
• What might the world have been like if China
had continued expanding its navy and had
not turned its focus inward?
Lost Opportunities?
39. MING CHINA’S DECLINE
• Imperial extravagance & neglect
• Eunuchs formed their own bureaucracy…despised by the
scholar-officials leading to government instability
• Nearly bankrupt government after 1600—partly caused by
expenses of Great Wall & of defending Korea from Japan
• Navy became ineffective---leading to piracy
• Famine strikes in the 1630s due to a “little ice age” that
brought lower temperatures---crop failures, peasants revolt
• 1640s—Yellow River flooding, small pox epidemic
• Later emperors stopped consulting government officials
• Beijing falls in 1644 to the Manchus from Manchuria
• Last Ming emperor committed ritual suicide