This document provides an overview of furniture styles from various Asian countries and time periods. It discusses Japanese furniture from prehistoric periods like Jomon and Yayoi through ancient periods like Nara and Heian. Common Japanese furniture like tatami mats, fusuma doors, and shoji screens are described. Chinese furniture styles and materials from early dynasties through Ming and Qing are outlined. Key Chinese furniture types like platform beds, day beds, and canopy beds are summarized. Construction techniques for Chinese furniture like frame and panel, corner leg, and recessed leg are also highlighted.
This document provides a history of furniture from ancient civilizations through the Middle Ages. It describes the characteristics of furniture in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and various periods of the Middle Ages including Early Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. Key furniture items discussed include thrones, chairs, stools, couches, tables, beds, chests, and cupboards. The furniture evolved over time, with later civilizations often adopting and modifying styles from earlier ones while adding new decorative elements or craftsmanship techniques. Furniture served important social and symbolic functions in each culture.
In the early 18th century , countries vied with each other to expand their empires and the aristrocracy emphasized its position with lavish displays of wealth and luxury.
ROCOCO STYLE:-
Pieces of furniture were smaller, lighter, and more curvaceous in form than earlier styles, often with curved cabriole legs and pad or claw and ball feet.
Free standing tables no longer had cross strechers and pedestal legs were replaced by cabriole legs with a double s- curve.
This document provides an overview of the history of English period furnishings from 1558 to 1812. It describes the defining characteristics of furnishings during different time periods including the Elizabethan (1558-1603), Jacobean (1603-1649), Commonwealth or Cromwellian (1649-1660), Restoration (1660-1689), William and Mary (1689-1694), Queen Anne (1702-1714), and three Georgian styles (1714-1812). The document focuses on changes in popular wood types, designs, ornamentation, and stylistic influences over this span of English history.
The document provides a history of interior design and furniture from ancient civilizations including Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, China, Byzantium, and the Medieval period. It describes the typical layout of homes, styles of furniture, materials used, and how furniture design evolved over time within each culture from simple platforms and stools to more ornate chairs, tables, and beds featuring carvings and inlays. Furniture served as status symbols and design was influenced by new technologies and cultural exchanges between civilizations.
This Presentation consists information about the Furniture used during Greek Period.
consists information about:
- styles of furniture
- types of furniture
Interior Design:
Introduction to Interior Design
Definition
Why To Study Interior Design?
Elements of Interior Design
Space, Shape, Line, Texture, colour
Principles of Interior Design
Harmony, Proportion, Scale, Balance, Rhythm, Emphasis
History of Interior Design
Furniture characteristics of historical periodsAzra Maliha
The document describes furniture styles from several historical periods including Egypt, Greece, Rome, Early Christian/Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic. For Egypt, chairs were decorated with gold and had curved legs shaped like animal paws. Beds included a gently inclined platform and headrests. Greeks favored chairs with sweeping curves and stools inspired by Egyptian designs. Romans used folding chairs and couches that served as both beds and seating. Early Christian furniture reflected architectural motifs through engraving and materials like ivory and precious metals. Romanesque chairs had legs shaped like animals while Gothic chairs featured intricate oak carvings and paintings.
This document provides a history of furniture from ancient civilizations through the Middle Ages. It describes the characteristics of furniture in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and various periods of the Middle Ages including Early Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. Key furniture items discussed include thrones, chairs, stools, couches, tables, beds, chests, and cupboards. The furniture evolved over time, with later civilizations often adopting and modifying styles from earlier ones while adding new decorative elements or craftsmanship techniques. Furniture served important social and symbolic functions in each culture.
In the early 18th century , countries vied with each other to expand their empires and the aristrocracy emphasized its position with lavish displays of wealth and luxury.
ROCOCO STYLE:-
Pieces of furniture were smaller, lighter, and more curvaceous in form than earlier styles, often with curved cabriole legs and pad or claw and ball feet.
Free standing tables no longer had cross strechers and pedestal legs were replaced by cabriole legs with a double s- curve.
This document provides an overview of the history of English period furnishings from 1558 to 1812. It describes the defining characteristics of furnishings during different time periods including the Elizabethan (1558-1603), Jacobean (1603-1649), Commonwealth or Cromwellian (1649-1660), Restoration (1660-1689), William and Mary (1689-1694), Queen Anne (1702-1714), and three Georgian styles (1714-1812). The document focuses on changes in popular wood types, designs, ornamentation, and stylistic influences over this span of English history.
The document provides a history of interior design and furniture from ancient civilizations including Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, China, Byzantium, and the Medieval period. It describes the typical layout of homes, styles of furniture, materials used, and how furniture design evolved over time within each culture from simple platforms and stools to more ornate chairs, tables, and beds featuring carvings and inlays. Furniture served as status symbols and design was influenced by new technologies and cultural exchanges between civilizations.
This Presentation consists information about the Furniture used during Greek Period.
consists information about:
- styles of furniture
- types of furniture
Interior Design:
Introduction to Interior Design
Definition
Why To Study Interior Design?
Elements of Interior Design
Space, Shape, Line, Texture, colour
Principles of Interior Design
Harmony, Proportion, Scale, Balance, Rhythm, Emphasis
History of Interior Design
Furniture characteristics of historical periodsAzra Maliha
The document describes furniture styles from several historical periods including Egypt, Greece, Rome, Early Christian/Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic. For Egypt, chairs were decorated with gold and had curved legs shaped like animal paws. Beds included a gently inclined platform and headrests. Greeks favored chairs with sweeping curves and stools inspired by Egyptian designs. Romans used folding chairs and couches that served as both beds and seating. Early Christian furniture reflected architectural motifs through engraving and materials like ivory and precious metals. Romanesque chairs had legs shaped like animals while Gothic chairs featured intricate oak carvings and paintings.
Ancient Egyptians produced furniture from materials native to their region like wood, stone, mud, fabrics and precious metals. Common furniture items included stools, beds, lamp stands, shrines and chests. Chairs had low wooden frames without arms and woven cord seats, while beds had sloped wooden frames, headrests and string-woven mattresses without pillows. Chests and boxes stored household items and treasures, and were sometimes decorated with carvings, metals or compartments. Stools came in various styles for different social classes, from simple designs to those with carved animal feet.
This document discusses different interior design styles including Scandi, Eclectic, Industrial, Vintage, Minimalist, Mid-Century Modern, Coastal, and Contemporary. Each style is defined in 1-2 paragraphs describing common design elements, materials, and aesthetics of that style. The document provides an overview to help focus interior decorating efforts and source appropriate pieces for different design concepts.
This document provides a brief history of furniture from prehistoric times through the 20th century. It discusses the types of furniture used in ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, China, and Aztec societies. For the ancient world section, it describes furniture from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Furniture in the medieval/Middle Ages period began developing modern characteristics. Furniture styles and materials depended on the wealth of the owner. Overall, the document outlines the evolution of furniture design and materials over different time periods and civilizations.
The document provides a history of interior design from early Christian and Byzantine periods to the Baroque and Rococo periods. It covers major styles including Christian and Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo. For each period and style, it describes characteristic features, examples, and how the style developed and was expressed differently across regions of Europe.
This document provides an overview of various furniture styles from the Baroque period through the Art Nouveau period, including the defining characteristics and time periods of styles such as Jacobean, William and Mary, Queen Anne, Chippendale, Hepplewhite, Shaker, Victorian, and Art Nouveau. Each style had distinct design elements and was influenced by the time period and culture. The styles developed and evolved over hundreds of years from simple to more ornate designs that incorporated influences from other regions.
Roman interiors featured richly colored and detailed wall paintings on rectangular panels. Floors had marble tiles in geometric patterns or mosaics. Ceilings were barrel-vaulted and decorated. Lamps were simple oil vessels but beautifully crafted. Doors and doorways had artistic treatments like carving or bronze plating. Furniture was sparse to allow space, featuring couches, chairs, stools and tables, often decorated with precious metals. Storage items included wooden chests and cabinets.
Interior design is the art and science of understanding people's behavior to create functional interior spaces. Interior designers focus on planning and functional design, while decorators focus more on decoration and aesthetics. Wallpaper is a material used to cover and decorate interior walls that provides decoration, protection, and helps set the mood. It comes in various materials, designs, sizes and is installed using wallpaper paste. Key factors when selecting wallpaper include price, quality, country of origin, design, and ease of removal. Popular brands discussed are Marcel, Harlequin, and Casamance.
The Baroque style originated in 1600s Italy and spread across Europe. It used dramatic expressions, gestures, and grandeur in art, sculpture, dance, painting, and music. Baroque interiors were characterized by rich colors, gilded furnishings, marble floors, intricate details, gold frames, mirrors, and luxury fabrics. Common motifs included foliage, marquetry, putti, crests, and lambrequins. Furniture was large and elaborate, often with curved fronts, scrolls, caryatids, and carvings to convey power and status. The Palace of Versailles exemplified Baroque interior grandeur with its royal bedrooms, hall of mirrors, and elaborate wall panels and fabrics. Elements of Baroque style continue in
Byzantine furniture retained some classical forms like chairs and tables. Materials included wood, metal, ivory, and were sometimes decorated with gold, silver, or jewels. Thrones in particular were elaborately decorated to signify the status of the ruler. While few pieces survive, illustrations show seating often included cushions, and some furniture was draped with fabrics.
The document provides an overview of interior design styles from 1960-2010. It describes key influences, furniture, colors, and textures for each decade. In the 1960s, styles were eclectic and experimental as designers combined elements from the past. The 1970s saw the rise of open floor plans, wood paneling, and earth tones inspired by nature. Bold colors, reflective surfaces, and minimalism characterized the 1980s. The 1990s featured a more minimalist aesthetic with natural colors and pine furniture.
The document provides information about ancient Greek furniture from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. It discusses the key influences and developments of Greek furniture over time. The Greeks produced softer, more elegant and comfortable furniture compared to earlier Egyptian styles. Main furniture types included couches, stools, tables, chairs and chests. Couches called klines were used for both sitting and eating. Stools evolved from simple designs to include folding stools. Greek furniture featured ornate designs and was often made from precious materials like gold and bronze.
The document provides background on the Early Italian Renaissance period from the 14th to 17th centuries. It began in Florence and later spread throughout Italy and Europe. Key developments included a resurgence of learning based on classical sources, the emergence of linear perspective in painting, and educational reform. Scholars' access to classical texts like those of Vitruvius was important, as was the establishment of humanism, which celebrated rationality and mankind's ability to understand the physical world. Vitruvius' work "On Architecture" was especially influential for Renaissance architects.
Unit – i interior spaces and furniture across historyNajmaMUSTAKIR
This document provides an overview of interior design and furniture across different historical periods. It begins with prehistoric and indigenous design, noting the influence of native art on modern design. It then covers the interiors and furniture of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, Byzantine, Gothic, Victorian (American and British), and discusses the historic context of furniture design and its importance in interior design. For each period, it describes typical interior features like materials, colors, lighting, floors, and furniture styles.
furniture design japnese furniture history detailsTRIPTIBANSAL18
The document provides a history of Japanese furniture from ancient to modern times. It discusses how furniture evolved throughout different periods in Japanese history. During ancient periods like Jomon, furniture was basic and made from natural materials. In later periods like Heian, tatami mats were introduced and furniture became more refined with Chinese and Korean influences. The Edo period saw more elaborate furniture with a focus on craftsmanship. Today Japanese furniture encompasses traditional styles as well as modern and hybrid styles blending traditions with new designs. Common materials include wood, bamboo, and rice paper, and typical elements are tatami mats, shoji screens, and sliding doors.
This document discusses fenestration, which refers to the arrangement and design of windows in a building. It covers the fundamentals of fenestration including the need for windows and their impact on the environment. Factors that affect daylight performance like building orientation, window type and glass type are examined. Various window types like sash, casement, jalousie and their materials are described. Emerging glazing technologies like vacuum insulating glass and electrochromic glass are also outlined. Double-paned glass is discussed as providing improved thermal insulation. The document acknowledges professors and classmates who contributed to the writer's learning.
ARCHINT: Baroque Period (Interior Design + Furniture Design)ArchiEducPH
The document provides an overview of Baroque architecture and art from the 17th-18th centuries. It describes the Baroque style as elaborate with dramatic effects that appealed to the senses. Key characteristics included bright colors, naturalistic rather than idealized forms, and designs that heightened spirituality through emotion. Examples are given of Baroque interior design elements and color schemes. Furniture from France, Italy, and England during this period featured ornate carvings, gilding, and intricate inlays.
The document summarizes furniture styles and timelines from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In ancient Egypt, chairs were only for royalty and were richly decorated. Stools were more common and earliest forms of furniture. In ancient Greece, stools like the diphroi and okladias were portable. Chairs became more comfortable like the klismos chair. In ancient Rome, stools like the sella were most prevalent furniture, while the sella curulis was a symbolic folding stool for officials. Furniture became more decorated and featured motifs from nature.
This document summarizes various furniture styles from different historical periods, including Queen Anne, Chippendale, Federal, Modern, Art Nouveau, Shaker, Empire, Hepplewhite, Duncan Phyfe, Baroque, and Spanish Baroque. For each style, a brief description of defining characteristics and suggested room placements are provided.
Ancient Egyptians produced furniture from materials native to their region like wood, stone, mud, fabrics and precious metals. Common furniture items included stools, beds, lamp stands, shrines and chests. Chairs had low wooden frames without arms and woven cord seats, while beds had sloped wooden frames, headrests and string-woven mattresses without pillows. Chests and boxes stored household items and treasures, and were sometimes decorated with carvings, metals or compartments. Stools came in various styles for different social classes, from simple designs to those with carved animal feet.
This document discusses different interior design styles including Scandi, Eclectic, Industrial, Vintage, Minimalist, Mid-Century Modern, Coastal, and Contemporary. Each style is defined in 1-2 paragraphs describing common design elements, materials, and aesthetics of that style. The document provides an overview to help focus interior decorating efforts and source appropriate pieces for different design concepts.
This document provides a brief history of furniture from prehistoric times through the 20th century. It discusses the types of furniture used in ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, China, and Aztec societies. For the ancient world section, it describes furniture from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Furniture in the medieval/Middle Ages period began developing modern characteristics. Furniture styles and materials depended on the wealth of the owner. Overall, the document outlines the evolution of furniture design and materials over different time periods and civilizations.
The document provides a history of interior design from early Christian and Byzantine periods to the Baroque and Rococo periods. It covers major styles including Christian and Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo. For each period and style, it describes characteristic features, examples, and how the style developed and was expressed differently across regions of Europe.
This document provides an overview of various furniture styles from the Baroque period through the Art Nouveau period, including the defining characteristics and time periods of styles such as Jacobean, William and Mary, Queen Anne, Chippendale, Hepplewhite, Shaker, Victorian, and Art Nouveau. Each style had distinct design elements and was influenced by the time period and culture. The styles developed and evolved over hundreds of years from simple to more ornate designs that incorporated influences from other regions.
Roman interiors featured richly colored and detailed wall paintings on rectangular panels. Floors had marble tiles in geometric patterns or mosaics. Ceilings were barrel-vaulted and decorated. Lamps were simple oil vessels but beautifully crafted. Doors and doorways had artistic treatments like carving or bronze plating. Furniture was sparse to allow space, featuring couches, chairs, stools and tables, often decorated with precious metals. Storage items included wooden chests and cabinets.
Interior design is the art and science of understanding people's behavior to create functional interior spaces. Interior designers focus on planning and functional design, while decorators focus more on decoration and aesthetics. Wallpaper is a material used to cover and decorate interior walls that provides decoration, protection, and helps set the mood. It comes in various materials, designs, sizes and is installed using wallpaper paste. Key factors when selecting wallpaper include price, quality, country of origin, design, and ease of removal. Popular brands discussed are Marcel, Harlequin, and Casamance.
The Baroque style originated in 1600s Italy and spread across Europe. It used dramatic expressions, gestures, and grandeur in art, sculpture, dance, painting, and music. Baroque interiors were characterized by rich colors, gilded furnishings, marble floors, intricate details, gold frames, mirrors, and luxury fabrics. Common motifs included foliage, marquetry, putti, crests, and lambrequins. Furniture was large and elaborate, often with curved fronts, scrolls, caryatids, and carvings to convey power and status. The Palace of Versailles exemplified Baroque interior grandeur with its royal bedrooms, hall of mirrors, and elaborate wall panels and fabrics. Elements of Baroque style continue in
Byzantine furniture retained some classical forms like chairs and tables. Materials included wood, metal, ivory, and were sometimes decorated with gold, silver, or jewels. Thrones in particular were elaborately decorated to signify the status of the ruler. While few pieces survive, illustrations show seating often included cushions, and some furniture was draped with fabrics.
The document provides an overview of interior design styles from 1960-2010. It describes key influences, furniture, colors, and textures for each decade. In the 1960s, styles were eclectic and experimental as designers combined elements from the past. The 1970s saw the rise of open floor plans, wood paneling, and earth tones inspired by nature. Bold colors, reflective surfaces, and minimalism characterized the 1980s. The 1990s featured a more minimalist aesthetic with natural colors and pine furniture.
The document provides information about ancient Greek furniture from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. It discusses the key influences and developments of Greek furniture over time. The Greeks produced softer, more elegant and comfortable furniture compared to earlier Egyptian styles. Main furniture types included couches, stools, tables, chairs and chests. Couches called klines were used for both sitting and eating. Stools evolved from simple designs to include folding stools. Greek furniture featured ornate designs and was often made from precious materials like gold and bronze.
The document provides background on the Early Italian Renaissance period from the 14th to 17th centuries. It began in Florence and later spread throughout Italy and Europe. Key developments included a resurgence of learning based on classical sources, the emergence of linear perspective in painting, and educational reform. Scholars' access to classical texts like those of Vitruvius was important, as was the establishment of humanism, which celebrated rationality and mankind's ability to understand the physical world. Vitruvius' work "On Architecture" was especially influential for Renaissance architects.
Unit – i interior spaces and furniture across historyNajmaMUSTAKIR
This document provides an overview of interior design and furniture across different historical periods. It begins with prehistoric and indigenous design, noting the influence of native art on modern design. It then covers the interiors and furniture of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, Byzantine, Gothic, Victorian (American and British), and discusses the historic context of furniture design and its importance in interior design. For each period, it describes typical interior features like materials, colors, lighting, floors, and furniture styles.
furniture design japnese furniture history detailsTRIPTIBANSAL18
The document provides a history of Japanese furniture from ancient to modern times. It discusses how furniture evolved throughout different periods in Japanese history. During ancient periods like Jomon, furniture was basic and made from natural materials. In later periods like Heian, tatami mats were introduced and furniture became more refined with Chinese and Korean influences. The Edo period saw more elaborate furniture with a focus on craftsmanship. Today Japanese furniture encompasses traditional styles as well as modern and hybrid styles blending traditions with new designs. Common materials include wood, bamboo, and rice paper, and typical elements are tatami mats, shoji screens, and sliding doors.
This document discusses fenestration, which refers to the arrangement and design of windows in a building. It covers the fundamentals of fenestration including the need for windows and their impact on the environment. Factors that affect daylight performance like building orientation, window type and glass type are examined. Various window types like sash, casement, jalousie and their materials are described. Emerging glazing technologies like vacuum insulating glass and electrochromic glass are also outlined. Double-paned glass is discussed as providing improved thermal insulation. The document acknowledges professors and classmates who contributed to the writer's learning.
ARCHINT: Baroque Period (Interior Design + Furniture Design)ArchiEducPH
The document provides an overview of Baroque architecture and art from the 17th-18th centuries. It describes the Baroque style as elaborate with dramatic effects that appealed to the senses. Key characteristics included bright colors, naturalistic rather than idealized forms, and designs that heightened spirituality through emotion. Examples are given of Baroque interior design elements and color schemes. Furniture from France, Italy, and England during this period featured ornate carvings, gilding, and intricate inlays.
The document summarizes furniture styles and timelines from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In ancient Egypt, chairs were only for royalty and were richly decorated. Stools were more common and earliest forms of furniture. In ancient Greece, stools like the diphroi and okladias were portable. Chairs became more comfortable like the klismos chair. In ancient Rome, stools like the sella were most prevalent furniture, while the sella curulis was a symbolic folding stool for officials. Furniture became more decorated and featured motifs from nature.
This document summarizes various furniture styles from different historical periods, including Queen Anne, Chippendale, Federal, Modern, Art Nouveau, Shaker, Empire, Hepplewhite, Duncan Phyfe, Baroque, and Spanish Baroque. For each style, a brief description of defining characteristics and suggested room placements are provided.
The document discusses Ming dynasty vases from China that can sell for millions of dollars due to special glazing techniques developed during that period. Key attributes that indicate an authentic Ming vase include translucent white porcelain, designs featuring dragons, fish, peonies or lotuses, and a dark blue glaze that is consistent in color. The document provides tips on identifying real Ming vases and suggests design elements to include when making replica vases.
The document provides information on absolutism, the rise of Europe, coercive labor systems like slavery and serfdom, and cultural and intellectual developments from 1450-1750. It discusses centralized governments and divine right rule under monarchs like Hongwu, Tokugawa, Mughal emperors, and King Louis XIV. Portugal and Spain led the initial exploration from Europe in search of new trade routes and wealth through gold, God, and glory. This led to the colonization of Latin America. The period also saw the Protestant Reformation, scientific revolution, enlightenment, and the rise of new economic systems like mercantilism.
1) The document summarizes different furniture styles including Queen Anne, Chippendale, Federal, Contemporary, Art Nouveau, Shaker, Empire, Hepplewhite, Duncan Phyfe, Baroque, and Spanish Baroque.
2) It provides defining characteristics for each style such as curved lines and cabriole legs for Queen Anne, detailed carvings for Chippendale, geometric shapes for Federal, and incorporation of metal and glass for Contemporary.
3) The styles range from the 17th to 20th centuries and include elements such as straight legs, carved motifs, exaggerated decorations, and Spanish cultural influences.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang dekorasi interior dan eksterior. Terdiri dari elemen penyusun ruang seperti lantai, dinding, dan plafon. Juga membahas unsur dekoratif seperti bentuk furnitur, warna, dan gaya desain interior seperti minimalis, klasik, modern, dan etnik serta gaya desain eksterior seperti minimalis dan country.
Dokumen ini berisi ringkasan 14 pertemuan mata kuliah Pengantar Desain Interior yang mencakup pembelajaran tentang sejarah penataan ruang, elemen pembentuk ruangan, ergonomi desain interior, prinsip dasar desain interior, warna, penataan ruang rumah tinggal dan ruang umum, serta proyek akhir kelompok mengenai desain interior ruangan.
The document discusses various furniture styles including Queen Anne, Chippendale, Federal, Contemporary/Modern, Art Nouveau, Shaker, Empire, Hepplewhite, Duncan Phyfe, Baroque, and Spanish Baroque. For each style, a brief description of characteristic features is provided along with an example image.
This document appears to be the table of contents and introductory chapter for a book on the history of furniture and interior design around the world. The chapter focuses on developments in China, India, and Cambodia from 1600 BCE to the 16th century CE. It provides brief overviews of important historical periods and dynasties in China and discusses some of the earliest human settlements and archaeological remains found there, including pottery and the first capital city of Zhengzhou. It also notes India's role in the birth of Buddhism and Cambodia's contributions to monumental architecture and sculpture from the 9th to 12th centuries CE.
Roman houses during the Roman period evolved over time from early round huts to more advanced rectangular structures. Wealthier homes featured multiple rooms organized around a central atrium and incorporating Greek influences like a private courtyard (peristylum). Interior furnishings were sparse but included couches, stools, tables and other elaborately crafted pieces. Walls, floors, and other architectural elements utilized materials like stone, brick, marble, and mosaics. Homes also contained features like central courtyards, kitchens, dining areas, and bedrooms.
1) China has one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations dating back to around 1500 BC along the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys.
2) Early dynasties included the Shang Dynasty which established the first Chinese civilization, and the Zhou Dynasty which expanded Chinese rule and developed the concept of the Mandate of Heaven.
3) The Qin Dynasty in the 3rd century BC was the first to unify China under an emperor, standardizing laws, currency, and language.
4) The long-lasting Han Dynasty expanded China territorially and economically along the Silk Road, though it eventually collapsed due to corruption and loss of control.
The document provides an overview of Chinese civilization, including its geography, climate, political history, religions, architecture, and traditional house designs. It notes that China ranges from plateaus and mountains in the west to lower land in the east, with major rivers running through central and eastern regions. Politically, China transitioned through various dynasties from 2100 BC to 1911 AD, developing a centralized government and national identity. Religions included Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. Traditional Chinese architecture featured courtyard houses organized around a southern-facing entrance and enclosed layout.
The document discusses the history of furniture design from ancient Egypt through postmodernism. It provides examples of different types of ancient Egyptian furniture found in tomb paintings and museums, including chairs, stools, beds, and chests dating from the 18th dynasty. It also describes furniture from ancient Greece such as the kline couch and klismos chair. The document then covers artistic styles such as Art Nouveau, Bauhaus, and postmodernism, citing influential designers like Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Robert Venturi.
This document is the preface to a book titled "Illustrated History of Furniture: From the Earliest to the Present Time" published in 1893. It provides an overview of the book's contents which traces the evolution of decorative furniture and woodwork from ancient times to the present day through descriptive chapters and illustrations. The preface explains that the book aims to give readers a general understanding of the subject within its limits as a single volume, noting certain periods receive more focus due to available information and likely reader interest. It also acknowledges assistance received in preparing the work and expresses hope that a positive reception may encourage future expanded efforts on the topic.
PART V FURNITURE DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA BEFORE 1950.pdfSurashmieKalmegh
British colonial furniture styles developed in various Asian regions from the 1600s-1960s. In India, the British adapted local materials like teak and motifs into traditional designs. Styles included planters chairs, rocking chairs, and ornate furniture with inlaid ivory or scrolled legs reflecting Hindu architecture. Regional Indian styles also emerged in states like Kerala, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. In China, traditional furniture categories and styles developed over dynasties, incorporating woods, lacquer, and designs symbolic of Taoism. Elements like elevated chairs, yoke backs, and elaborately carved hardwoods became distinctive to Chinese furniture. Japanese sat cross-legged on mats, and traditional Chinese
The document provides an overview of the history and styles of interior design and furniture from ancient civilizations. It covers the furniture styles and designs of ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, and how they evolved over time from the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom in Egypt. Specific furniture pieces discussed include chairs, stools, beds, chests/boxes. The document also references the influences of foreign cultures on Egyptian design during the New Kingdom. Overall, it aims to outline the major developments and periods in ancient interior design history.
- Kenneth Cobonpue is a renowned Filipino furniture designer known for integrating locally sourced materials like rattan with innovative handmade production processes.
- He has won numerous international design awards and his works have been featured in films, magazines, and exhibitions around the world.
- Combining creativity with sustainability, Cobonpue elevates Philippine materials and craftsmanship on the global design stage.
The document provides a history of interior design from prehistoric times to the future. It covers major periods and styles including Prehistoric & Primitive, Ancient World (Mesopotamian, Chinese, Aztec houses), Medieval/Middle Ages (Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic), Renaissance, Industrial Era, 20th Century. For each period, it describes characteristics of interior spaces, common building materials, and types of furniture. Overall, the document traces the evolution of interior design through different eras and the influences of various cultures over time.
This document provides an overview of different types of historical furniture from various cultures and eras. It discusses Chinese furniture which evolved based on frame and panel construction as well as bamboo techniques. Greek furniture was simple and elegant, borrowing initially from Egyptian styles. Roman furniture was sparse and used for decoration rather than furnishings. Egyptian furniture included chairs, tables and beds, with most common pieces being low stools. Renaissance furniture in Italy had a grand style which influenced furniture across Europe, using finer woods than previously.
The document provides information on interior design and furniture during the Greek period. It discusses the influence of Egyptian styles on early Greek furniture which was rectangular and stiff. During the classical Greek era, furniture became softer in lines with more curves and attention to comfort. The main types of furniture were stools, couches, small tables, chests, and chairs. Couches called klines were used for both resting and eating. Greek homes centered around an open courtyard called an andronitis where daily life took place.
China and Japan have rich histories and cultural traditions that are reflected in their architecture and interior designs. In China, timber was commonly used for construction, along with materials like stone, brick, and silk. Traditional Chinese homes had T-shaped roofs and architectural details that harmonized with nature. Japanese architecture was influenced by China but developed its own distinct style using materials like wood and bamboo. Traditional Japanese homes featured shoji screens, fusuma doors, tatami mat floors, and bathing areas separated from toilets. Both cultures emphasized simplicity, natural elements, and flowing interior spaces.
The following research is about furniture created and designed in different Islamic Design periods, starting from the 9th century till modern period of 15th century. It shows the type and functions for which people used to create those furniture pieces, familiarize with some extraordinary ones and talk about different techniques of furniture decorations.
This document provides information on Gothic and Renaissance architecture and interior design. It discusses the characteristics and styles of furniture from these periods. For Gothic architecture and furniture, it highlights features like pointed arches, tracery, wood types used including oak and walnut. Common furniture items are described like stools, chairs, tables, cupboards, chests and beds. For Renaissance furniture, it notes the emergence of cabinets and more comfortable chairs, as well as decorative elements like carving, pilasters, marquetry and stone/stucco panels. The high Renaissance featured walnut, ebony, elaborate upholstery and brass/silver fittings on chairs.
This document provides an overview of the history of interior design from prehistoric times to the future. It covers major periods and styles including Ancient Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman houses and interiors. The Medieval/Middle Ages saw the development of Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic styles. The Renaissance period saw the emergence of styles like Early Renaissance, High Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo. The Industrial Era brought about styles like Art Nouveau and Arts and Crafts Movement. In the 20th century, styles included Eclecticism and Modernism. For each period, key characteristics of interior design, architecture, and furniture are described.
Ancient woodworking had its origins in Egypt, China, the Near East, and Rome. Egyptian woodworkers as early as 3100 BC used tools like axes, chisels and saws to create furniture and structures. They invented techniques like veneering and used mortise and tenon joints. In China, woodworking developed around 720 BC and they used dense and valuable woods like zitan. The Near East had skilled woodworkers as early as 800 BC who crafted inlaid furniture. Roman woodworkers constructed buildings, ships, and furniture from a variety of woods between the 1st century BC to 1st century AD.
Folding screens originated in China and were introduced to Japan in the 8th century. They are known as byobu in Japanese. Byobu evolved over time, with styles and materials changing between periods. The most common formats are six-panel byobu from the Nara and Heian periods onward. Byobu serve various purposes like separating spaces, displaying art, and providing privacy in homes and ceremonies.
Japanese art was influenced by Buddhism, Chinese art, and nature. Some key characteristics include wood as an important material, landscape paintings, calligraphy, printmaking, and sculptures related to fertility rituals and funerary rituals. Early Japanese architecture consisted of pit houses made of wood during the Jomon period. Later, architecture was influenced by Chinese styles seen in structures like the Heian palace and Buddhist temples. Sculptures included ceramic vessels and figurines from the Jomon period as well as later Buddhist statues.
This document provides an overview of the historical and cultural context of furniture design through various styles and periods. It discusses the major styles from ancient Egyptian and Greek furniture to modern styles like Art Deco, Bauhaus, and contemporary design. The document aims to educate readers on the evolution of furniture design over centuries under different influences and enable them to identify, combine, and adapt styles in their own designs.
Ancient Egyptian furniture was ornately decorated and crafted to last into the afterlife. Items like chairs, stools, beds, and tables were commonly carved with animal forms and decorated with materials like gold, ivory, and precious stones. Egyptian furniture design incorporated carvings of flowers, animals, and birds. Stools were a common household item and folding stools became a status symbol. Beds had carved animal legs and headrests, while tables were used for eating, writing, and games. Egyptian homes and temples featured elaborate interior decorations on ceilings, walls, and floors that provided the backdrop for ornate furniture.
The main religions in ancient Japan were Shintoism and Buddhism. Shintoism focused on nature worship and small household shrines for ancestors. Buddhism was introduced from Korea in the 6th century and large temples were constructed, with the oldest being Asukadera. Temple architecture initially resembled Chinese styles with wide courtyards and symmetry, but over time became adapted to Japanese tastes and incorporated gardens.
Traditional Japanese architecture was influenced by geography, geology, history, religion and climate. The main styles that developed included shinden-zukuri houses for aristocracy with symmetrical layouts connected by hallways allowing enjoyment of nature. Samurai developed shoin-zukuri houses featuring alcoves reflecting the tea ceremony. Shinto shrines had distinctive torii gates and sandō approach. Buddhist temples contained pagodas and main halls housing Buddha images. Castles were strongly fortified demonstrating lordly power. Construction used wood with techniques like yariganna wood splitting for beauty.
Arts unit-1-elements and principles of arts and crafts in southeast asiaJonaAcosta5
1. Southeast Asian arts are predominantly influenced by religious beliefs and often depict natural scenes and daily life. Batik fabric dyeing and shadow puppetry are prominent art forms in Indonesia.
2. Traditional Malaysian batik features leaves, flowers and geometrical patterns. Thai art includes Buddhist imagery and influences from India and neighboring cultures.
3. Weaving, kite making and woodcarving are important crafts in Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos. Brunei's batik has unique motifs representing their national identity.
Start of interior design in human history.pptxMEGHANA S
Interior architecture is the practice of sensitively and innovatively redesigning an existing interior space, while respecting its historical value. As well as considering aesthetic design, interior architecture focuses on the functionality and material construction of interior spaces. It addresses structural elements like window and door placements, ventilation, heating and plumbing, as well as interior decoration.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
14. "cord-marked”
translated it into Japanese as jōmon.
The pottery style characteristic of the first
phases of Jōmon culture was decorated by
impressing cords
into the surface of
wet clay.
16,000 years ago-perhaps the oldest in
the world.
15. Linear applique
APPLIQUE - ornamental needlework in which pieces of fabric are sewn
or stuck onto a large piece of fabric to form pictures or patterns.
18. Iron Age era dated 300 BC to AD 300.
appearance of new pottery styles and the start of an intensive rice
agriculture in paddy fields
Techniques in metallurgybased on the use
of bronze and iron were also introduced in this period.
25. classical Japanese history,
running from 794 to 1185 A.D.
It is the period in Japanese
history
when Buddhism, Taoism and
other Korean influences were
at their height.
The Heian period is also
considered the peak of the
Japanese imperial court.
Sitting Bed
26. Tatami Mats
Tatami mats are basically made of
straw.
Also, tatami mats are covered by igusa (rush)
and are edged by decorative cloth.
It's said that tatami are effective in absorbing
heat and moisture.
tatami are made in standard sizes, with the
length exactly twice the width, an aspect
ratio of 2:1.
27. Fusuma Doors
Fusuma doors are made by pasting
thick fusuma papers on frames.
Many Japanese rooms are divided
by fusuma.
*A door is a fixture but if you make it into wall art then it’s a furniture.
63. CHINESE FURNITURE
Throughout history, the diversity of culture has found expression
in many directions, including the way people have designed and
furnished their built environment. Design is shaped by many
factors, including environmental, religious, and political
circumstances. As these factors change, design reflect these
changes while building on previous design theories and
philosophies. Styles in design, therefore, reflect these
surroundings and their foundations.
64. HISTORY
Records of Early Chinese furniture were inscribed on stones and stamp-brick
• It reveals a mat-level furniture culture: either they knelt or sat crossed-legged on woven mats
• Furniture includes: low tables, screens and armrests.
• Kingdom of Chu: Minimalist and simplistic, bearing unique and colorful patterns & finely carved
decoration in relief and openwork
• Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) to 2nd Century AD: Buddhism and foreign customs greatly
influenced high seating or “Barbarian” Huchuang seats. These folding stools/ seats were
originally used for mounting horses. Another example of raised seating furniture was the low
platforms called Ta. These were used by dignitaries and high officials.
• Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD): Stools and chairs were common among elites. Prototype of the Yoke
chair as well as the Round Back chair.
• Song Dynasty (960-1279) : Wasted Corner leg furniture
• Ming & Qing Dynasty: Furniture more simplistic and angular in form, it generally held minimal
classic patterns. These were carved from durable tropical hardwoods
65. MATERIALS
• BAMBOO
Commonly employed go-to material for the
construction of chairs, stools, beds, cases matting
and screens. This the poor man’s material. Some
were elaborately designed in packed lattice work
finished with black lacquer and capped with ivory
or bone.
• DECORATIVE STONE
primarily used as a material for top panels
• WOVEN CANE
A special pliable stretched fiber commonly used
for beds and stools using an under-webbing
technique.
66. CONSTRUCTON & JOINERY
• enhances the connoisseurship of Chinese hardwood furniture.
• techniques employed play an important part in the overall effect.
• The animation and harmony experienced
when viewing masterpieces is often the result of
a unity that lies beneath the surface—
members are not only connected together to
form a functional object,
• born from an ancient
technological culture and
developed through
continuous evolution of
timber architectural
systems.
67. CONSTRUCTION & JOINERY:
FRAME & PANEL
• more efficient use of material,
• typical of most panels in Chinese
furniture,
• The frame is joined with
mitered, mortise-and-
tenon joints..
• This 'tongue-and-groove' system
• secures the panel within the frame without glue or
nails permits the panel to float within the frame to
accommodate its slight expansion and contraction due
to changes in humidity.
68. CONSTRUCTION & JOINERY:
CORNER LEG : ‘Waisted’ & ‘Simianping’
• The corner-leg form is self-
descriptive with legs generally set
flush to the corners of the top
frame.
• The legs can be of straight, c-curved, or
cabriole style; they typically terminate with
some a horsehoof or variation of ruyi -shaped
motif, animal claws, or scrolled foot.
69. • developed from early box-style constructions,.
• Tables, beds, and stools of minimalistic,
SIMIANPING
• long tenons are shaped onto the
leg members penetrate through the
aprons and into the seat frame or table
top.
• simianping corner joints differ from those of waisted
construction because of the greater apron
thickness.
70. WAISTED
STYLE
• retains architectural characteristics of the
classical Greek pedestal
• decorative taohuan panels
were fitted to the 'high-
waist' section.
• it became associated with the seat of
Buddha. As Buddhism spread into China, so did
the classical pedestal form.
71. • closely related to traditional
post-and-beam
architecture, commonly
applied to the creation of stools,
chairs, tables and cabinets.
CONSTRUCTION & JOINERY:
RECESSED LEG
• This technique employs legs
joined at points inset (or
'recessed') from the corners
of a mitered frame.
• The legs generally splay
outward toward the base,
and are connected by various
configurations of
72. CONSTRUCTION & JOINERY:
BAMBOO STYLE
• employs rounded, bamboo-like
members that are configured to
simulate the wrap-around and
layered construction techniques of
furniture made from real bamboo.
• the use of hardwood or lacquered
softwood to simulate the
construction of bamboo furniture
was popularized during the
transitional 17th century,
has its own logic and origins, falls
somewhere between the traditional
systems 'recessed-leg' and 'corner-leg'
construction.
74. DAY BED
. During the late Ming, some
sophisticated connoisseurs
preferred the archaic style of
the box-style platform over the
modern daybeds with free-
standing legs.
• Low platforms,
• used as honorific seats,
• earliest type of raised
seating furniture to appear in
China. Sitting platforms were
called ta; the relatively longer
chuang was used both for
sitting and reclining.
75. LUAHAN BED
• use was similar to the daybed,
• the couch bed (chuang, luohan chuang) is distinguished by railings,
• more formal piece of furniture.
• The development of railings may be related with the early placement of
screen panels around the back and sides of the platform,
• which enhanced the sitter as well as provided privacy and protection
from drafts.
• Bamboo was also a favorite material of construction for couch beds
76. CANOPY BED
• The platform bed extended with surrounding screen panels or tented awnings to provide night time enclosure.
• characterized by a super structure fitted to the top of the bed, which was enclosed with panels and/or hung with draperies.
• This room within a room provided private space that was further insulated from drafty quarters.
• Four-post canopy beds
– common during the Ming period, were typically draped with fabric around the outside of the frame that suited to the season.
– Pongee silk or thick cotton provided insulated during the cold winters;
– gauze netting, provided relief was from annoying insects during the summer without diminishing the refreshingly cool evening breezes.
– Silk curtains for a lady's bed were often finely embroidered with decorative and auspicious patterns.
• canopy bed w/lattice rails Curtains
– drawn back during the day with curtain hooks, and the cozy cubicle continued to be utilized for dining, socializing, and other daily activities.
• Six post canopy beds
– exhibit a somewhat more architectural style.
– The curtains were generally hung on the inside of these beds so as to reveal its decorative lattice-work and/or open-carved panels.
• alcove bed
– The alcove bed is yet a larger piece of furniture that fits upon base with floor boards.
– An extension in front provides space for a small table, cabinet, and/or stool. The alcove bed is described in the Ming carpenters manual Lu Ban
jing.
77. STOOL
• The stool was the most common and also earliest type of raised seating furniture in China.
• Stools were commonly made of wood, bamboo, cane, root, porcelain and stone.
• High quality stools were made of precious hardwoods or finely finished with lacquer.
• those made during the Ming and Qing dynasties, only the durable or well-cared for pieces have
survived.
• In any early culture, primitive stools may have been no more than a block of timber or piece of stone.
• its long history, stool forms evolved with gradual developments including foreign influences that
migrated from Central Asia along the Silk Route.
• The practical stool filled both social and functional needs.
• Large stools served as a platform to elevate one of dignified status. In formal groupings with chairs,
• In casual gatherings, friends all gathered around to sit on stools without the pretension of
hierarchical rank.
• the multi-functional stool also served as a stand, step stool, low table and work bench.
79. FOLDING STOOL
• the Han emperor Lingdi was recorded to have had a fondness for
foreign curiosities, including the ‘foreign barbarian seat’ (huchuang).
• This term referred to the folding stool, which was commonly used by
nomadic tribes in the more remote northern and western regions.
• Its use spread throughout China over the following centuries.
• It became a popular seat for rulers and dignitaries when traveling or
cruising on a boat, and its lightweight portability made it especially
suitable for officers on military campaigns.
• Travelers convenient carried them over the shoulder
80. ROUND STOOL
• especially popular during the Ming dynasty.
• As a stylistic concept roundness and wholeness (yuanhun) suggest
organic unity.
• Unfortunately, because curvilinear components are easily broken,
few of these lovely objects have survived the vicissitudes of time.
• Round stools include those with ‘bulging-legs’, ‘cabriole-legs’,
‘drum-shaped‘, and straight-leg types.
• Such stools exhibit sophisticated construction, as the craftsman is
no longer working with familiar right angles, requiring mastery in
the calculation of circular and curvilinear geometry, three
dimensional visualization, as well as special techniques to securely
unify the frame, legs and aprons with structural integrity.
81. ROOT AND STOOL
• The tradition of gnarled-wood
and root furniture stems from
Buddhist and Daoist affinities
toward the unaffected state of
things and the natural world.
• Stone stools were
commonly set out in
the garden.
• Stone endures
exposure to the
elements, and
provides a cool seat
during the hot
summer months.
• Stools fashioned from natural
growth forms display
beautiful eye-catching
abstractions
83. OFFICIAL’S HAT CHAIR
• the name reflects the shape of
the sculpted crestrail, which
appears like a winged official’s
hat
• The Chinese term ‘chair with four protruding ends’
describes the extended crestrail and handgrips, which may
be truncated with flat ends or finished like calligraphic
brushstroke with rounded or lilted ends.
• characterized by armrests
and crestrail that turn
down into the vertical
posts. Chinese craftsman
term this right angle joint a
‘pipe joint’, which reflects
a resemblance to a
smoking pipe.
84. ROUND BACK ARM CHAIR
• By the Ming dynasty, it developed
into one of the most graceful chair
forms of traditional furniture.
• are exceptionally
comfortable for supporting the
elbows and arms.
• In the West, the term ‘horseshoe
armchair’
• The round-back chair exhibits the
artistic aesthetic called ‘roundness’
or ‘wholeness’.
• Chinese cosmological concept of
‘round heaven and square
earth’.
• Frame members shaped with a
round section above and a square
section below also express this idea.
85. ROSE CHAIR
• low height, small size, and
angular construction with
straight-member back and
armrests.
• drawn from the traditional
bamboo chair with its
continuous frame members
bent to 90 degree angle and
lattice-work panels made of
smaller-diameter bamboo.
• In Ladies quarters, primarily
on the small size as well as
the effeminate term ‘rose
chair’ (meiguiyi)
• the straight backrest of the rose chair
was not intended for relaxation
like the ergonomic backrests of other
traditional chairs.
86. QING STYLE
• appears as a large stool with separate railings attached above,
differing from integrated construction of the traditional chair
with arm and back posts continuous with the legs below.
• Many have no back inclination,
• but are rather perpendicular and straight without anyvertical
splay.
• The railings are often decorated with angular scrolling and/or
carved decoration.
• these chairs have a stiff, formal appearance.
89. Han Chinese migrants began arriving on the island of
Taiwan during the Ming dynasty, 1364-1644, and
naturally brought with them the furniture traditions of
the motherland, so that on the whole the furniture
tradition inTaiwan mirrored that to be found on
mainlandChina.What differences that did evolve
chiefly concerned aspects of decorative effect.
Taiwanese period furniture is not quite as grand and
imposing as the produce ofTaiwan'sChinese cousins.
Nevertheless, its relative simpleness and unassuming
air give it a beauty and charm that are ground in the
craftsmanship and materials that formed its nature.
Variations in style and use of materials arose from the
characteristics of different areas inTaiwan, which
resulted from the contrasting origins of settlers,
patterns of development and local materials.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101. The development of the furniture-making craft today has taken a
clear turn toward creative diversity.Craftsmen have begun
studying design with an open and free mind, allowing traditional
and modern, Eastern and Western cultures to clash, creating a
spark of brilliance which endowsTaiwanese furniture with the
ability to meet the challenges of this new era.
106. There are many different
timbers utilized in the
manufacture of Indonesian
furniture, but perhaps the
best known and most widely
used is Teak
CHARACTERISTIC
107. Indonesian furniture tends to be
made of teak, as well as
dark mahogany.
INDONESIAN ROSEWOOD
(Sonokeling)
PINE and DAMMAR
CHINA BERRY (Mindi)
MAIN TIMBERS
108. cut easily, has natural
oil and water resistant
TEAK AS FURNITURE
MATERIAL
109.
110. PREHISTORIC ERA:
TERRACOTTA POTS
First obejective of Indonesian clay
pots serves as a solemn
dedication to the all powerful
being. The second one serves as a
mundane purpose namely to
please the eyes of other people in
the society.
111. BATIK POTS
Terracotta Pottery is
covered with Batik fabric
which is glued and
lacquered to produce a
unique finish.
112. WOVEN MATERIALS FOR
FUNITURES :
Woven furniture - Organic materials such as Rattan,
Banana Leaf, Water Hyacinth and Sea Grass or a
combination of wood and all of the above fibers.