The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed bridge in southern France that spans the valley of the River Tarn. It is the tallest bridge in the world with pylons reaching heights of 245 meters. The bridge was built to reduce traffic passing through the small town of Millau from the motorway connecting Paris to Spain. Its construction involved building the world's tallest bridge piers, placing over 36,000 tons of steel for the deck atop them, and erecting seven pylons hundreds of meters above the ground.
About Suspension Bridges:
A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 19th century. Bridges without vertical suspenders have a long history in many mountainous parts of the world.
Some general information about golden gate bridge, San Francisco, America. Longest suspension bridge of his time and most visited bridge till now and marvel of CONSTRUCTION. Many movies also include this bridge because of because of its beauty. What a achievement!!!!
About Suspension Bridges:
A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 19th century. Bridges without vertical suspenders have a long history in many mountainous parts of the world.
Some general information about golden gate bridge, San Francisco, America. Longest suspension bridge of his time and most visited bridge till now and marvel of CONSTRUCTION. Many movies also include this bridge because of because of its beauty. What a achievement!!!!
The Akashi Kaikyo bridge - longest suspension bridge in the worldADARSH _
Case Study of the Longest Suspension Bridge in the world - The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge. In this presentation, various structural features of this bridge are discussed and a few videos provided helps us to get a better understanding of it.
A submerged floating tunnel, also known as submerged floating tube bridge, suspended tunnel, or Archimedes bridge, is a proposed design for a tunnel that floats in water, supported by its buoyancy. The tube would be placed underwater, deep enough to avoid water traffic and weather, but not so deep that high water pressure needs to be dealt with—usually 20–50 m is sufficient. Cables either anchored to the Earth or to pontoons at the surface would prevent it from floating to the surface or ...
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Cable stayed bridges of prestressed concrete.Franco Bontempi
Discusses prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridge
structures. Although most cable-stayed bridges
have been of steel construction, a few have been
made of prestressed concrete. This type of structure
is presented on a case-study basis with the
intent of encouraging designers to consider the
feasibility of using this type of structure which
in some instances might be a more appropriate choice.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
2. The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed
bridge that spans the valley of the River
Tarn near Millau in southern France .
It is the 12th highest bridge deck in the
world.
It was built to reduce traffic of small
town Millau as the motorway
connecting Paris and Spain passed
through Millau.
INTRODUCTION
The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed
bridge that spans the valley of the River
Tarn near Millau in southern France .
It is the 12th highest bridge deck in the
world.
It was built to reduce traffic of small town
Millau as the motorway connecting Paris
and Spain passed through Millau.
3. MAJOR ENGINEERING
CHALLENGES
1) BUILD THE TALLEST BRIDGE PIERS IN THE
WORLD.
2) PUT 36000TON FREEWAY ON TOP OF IT.
3) ERECT 7 STEEL PYLONS HUNDREDS OF
METER ABOVE THE SOLID GROUND.
4. SPECIFICATIONS
MILLAU VIADUCT
Crosses : River Tarn
Design : Cable-stayed bridge
Total length : 2.5 km long
Width : 32 m
Longest span : 342 m
Highest pier : 245 m
Curved radius : constant 20 km
6. Each pier is treated as a worksite in its
own right so that construction of all the
seven bridges can take place
independently.
The geometry of the piers varies from
one pouring step to the following
pouring step and is tapering entire way
up.
7. The shape of the mould was changed at
every 4m height to fit the profile and
reinforcing concrete method was used
in raising the pier.
The formwork was of self-climbing type
for outer surfaces and craneassisted for
the inner surfaces as the risk factor was
to be taken care of.
Altimetric checks by GPS ensured a
precision of the order of 5mm in both X
and Y direction.
8. • The installation of the deck by
successive launching
operations requires the
erection of 7 temporary piers.
• These piers consists of a
metal framework of a square
section of 12mx12m whose
members are tubes of
1,016mm diameter.
• They introduced this piers
between the two pillers as
the span between the two
piers was large and deck
could not support itself.
Temporary piers
9. Steel Decks
They opted for steel deck
over the conventional concrete
block,as it is not economical
and safe to lift concrete over
such heights.
Fabrication of the deck
section was done on steel
factory .
Around 2200 sections each
weighing upto 90 tonnes and
were some were 22 long.
10. Launching the deck
7 temporary piers help
support the weight of
the deck,as the longest
deck could support was
half the span.
Two deck segments
were launched from
each end of the bridge
11. Hydraulic launchers
•Computerized launchers
push the pre-fabricated deck
segments on to the piers.
•Each cycle moves the deck
600 mm.
• Total of 5000 cycles
required.
•The cycle is repeated every
4 minutes
12.
13.
14. NOSE RECOVERY
•Weight of steel box girder
deck sags as span is
completed.
•Nose recovery system
attached to raise the deck to
the level of the next pier.
•This aligns the deck for the
level and curvature of the next
pier.
•The precision carried out in
the nose recovery system was
due to the use of GPS system
as the accuracy was upto
4mm.
16. After the deck construction was finished it
was time to erect the pylons to provide cable
support for the bridge.
The temporary piers were supporting the
deck but due to the flexibility of the steel the
deck was very undulating, the deformations
were quite large.
So the 90 m tall and 700 ton pylons were
installed as fast as possible.
The pylons and cables were needed to
straighten the undulated deck.
17. For placing the pylons steel engineer Marc
Buonomo used a technique which was
practiced in the ancient Egypt.
In this Egyptian method the pylons were
lifted slowly using a hydraulic machine.
As they were being lifted they were also
made to pivot by two temporary steel
towers,both of them secured by a cable.
As the bridge is lifted it also pivots untill it
is vertical and it is erected .
18. Connection between pylon , deck
and the pier
An inverted Y shape ha
been adopted for the
pylons,which are metal,and
which are oriented
longitudinally as extensions
of the split shafts of the
piers.
This arrangement gives
the pylons the required high
degree of rigidity.
20. With all seven pylons in place it was time to
attach the cables stays that would straighten the
rippling deck and give it the strength to endure
the traffic load.
The roadway weighs over 40000 tonnes and
the 154 cable stays should prevent it from
sagging or collapsing.
These cable stays are made of 91 individual
steel strands and have breaking strength of
25000 tonnes.
These stays are strong enough to hold 25
jumbo jets all at full throttle!
21.
22. An issue that presented itself after the bridge
was completed was the fact that the wind
speed at the level of the bridge was “upto 151
km/hr”,which is significantly more than the
wind speed that would be found at ground
level.
This would cause serious issues driving on the
bridge because the high wind speeds would
push vehicle to the side, making driving
dangerous.
This problem was addressed by the inclusion
of windscreens that reduced the affect of the
“wind by 50%”,effectively causing wind speeds
on the bridge to reflect those on the ground.
23. GRADING OF MATERIALS
The deck and the pylons,entirely of
metal,are made of steel of grade S355 and
S460.
The piers are constructed in B60
concrete.
This concrete was chosen more for its
durability than for its high mechanical
resistance.