Chemistry plays an important role in cosmetology. Many cosmetology services rely on chemicals, from hair color products to skin care. Chemistry is the science dealing with the composition and properties of matter and how matter changes. The document defines key chemistry concepts like matter, elements, atoms, molecules, and the three states of matter. It explains how chemistry influences cosmetology through ingredients in products like hydroxide relaxers, zinc oxide in SPF, and hydrogen peroxide in hair color. Physical and chemical properties and changes are distinguished. The roles of oxidation, reduction, combustion, pH, and common ingredients are outlined.

1. Milady
CHEMISTRY
The roles of Chemistry in Cosmetology

3. • Chemical does not mean
dangerous
• No such thing as chemical
free product
• " organic " products are still
chemicals
• Water and air are 100 percent
chemicals
• Even your body is made up
of chemicals

4. • MOST COSMETOLOGY SERVICES DEPEND ON
CHEMICALS
• GAIN KNOWLEDGE TO UNDERSTAND THE HOW
AND WHY OF PRODUCTS YOU AREUSING

5. RECOGNIZE HOW THE SCIENCE OF CHEMISTRY INFLUENCES
COSMETOLOGY
• It is the Science that deals with the
composition, structures & properties of matter
and how matter changes under different
conditions

6. RECOGNIZE HOW THE SCIENCE OF CHEMISTRY INFLUENCES
COSMETOLOGY

7. RECOGNIZE HOW THE SCIENCE OF CHEMISTRY INFLUENCES
COSMETOLOGY
• Hydroxide relaxers, zinc oxide in SPF,
metal, minerals, hydrogen peroxide
• All hair color products, shampoos,
conditioners, products, nail
enhancements & skin care

8. DEFINE MATTER
•
•
•
•
MATTER is any substance that occupies space
and has mass ( weight )
Touch, taste, smell or see
Has physical AND chemical properties
SOLID, LIQUID, GAS
Light &
electricity are
forms of energy;
Energy does not
occupy space or
mass(weight)

9. ELEMENTS
• Simplest form of
chemical matter
• Can not be broken
down without loss of
identity
• Each element is
identified by a letter

10. ATOMS
NEGATIVE -
POSITIVE +
NEUTRAL
Same number of Protons to
Neutrons to Electrons

11. MOLECULES-
2 or more atoms in fixed proportions

13. MOLECULES
ELEMENTAL-
same element in fixed
proportions
COMPOUND-
2 or more elements of different
elements in fixed proportions

14. • Why is chemistry important to our industry?
• What is the difference between organic and non
organic?
• Matter exists in 3 forms: what are they?
• Does energy take up space?
• The simplest form of matter is?
• Smallest part of an element?
• 2 types of molecules?

16. Physical
Properties
Chemical
Properties
SIGNS OF
CHANGE
Odor, temp, color,
bubbles form, solids
form
Chemical
reaction &
chemical
change
SIGNS OF
CHANGE
Color, shape, size,
volume, texture
Physical
change that
can be
reverted
PROPERTIES OF MATTER

17. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Physical

18. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Chemical

19. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Chemical reaction
that adds
OXYGEN- produces
oxide

20. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
REDOX
REDUCINGAGENT adds OXIDATION adds
HYDROGEN OXYGEN

21. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
REDOX COMBUSTION
• Produces energy in form of heat and light
• Rapid oxidation of a substance
• Oxygen from atmosphere reacts with fuel
( easily burned substance )
• Results in new substances: ash, smoke,
energy

22. PURE SUBSTANCES & PHYSICAL MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
• Made up of one ONE TYPE OF
PARTICLE
• Can not be physically separated; all
particles are the same
• Fixed physical properties ( melting &
boiling point
• EXAMPLE: oxygen, water, iron
PHYSICAL MIXTURE
• Made up of 2 or more substances
• More than one particle
• Not a new substance; physical
combination
• Can be physically separated
• Variable properties
• EXAMPLES: air, salt water, soil,
most substances
Nitrogen &
oxygen

23. PURE SUBSTANCES & PHYSICAL MIXTURE

24. PURE SUBSTANCES & PHYSICAL MIXTURE
MISCIBLE liquids
• 2 liquids that are
soluble in each
other
• They will stay
mixed together
IMMISCIBLE liquids
• 2 liquids that are
NOT soluble in
each other
• Mixtures will
separate

25. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is the difference between a physical and chemical change? Examples of each
Oxidation reduction is REDOX is what type of change?
Oxidizing agent releases what? Example
Reducing agent adds hydrogen or subtracts what?
Can reduction reaction and oxidation occur at the same time? If so in what
cosmetology service ?
Difference between EXOTHERMIC and COMBUSTION
Matter is either a pure substance or what?
Pure substance is in proportions
Physical mixtures are in proportions
Put in order: SOLUTE, SOLUTION, SOLVENT
Universal solvent?
Difference between miscible and solution?

26. PURE SUBSTANCES & PHYSICAL MIXTURE
Unstable physical
mixture undissolved
particles in a liquid

27. PURE SUBSTANCES & PHYSICAL MIXTURE
EMULSIONS
• Unstable physical mixture of
IMMISCIBLE substances
• To stay blended: needs
EMULSIFIER

28. PURE SUBSTANCES & PHYSICAL MIXTURE
SURFACTANTS are a surface acting agent that ALLOW OIL&
WATERTO MIX/EMULSIFY
HYDROPHILIC
LIPOPHILIC

29. PURE SUBSTANCES & PHYSICAL MIXTURE
• OIL IN WATERemulsion
• WATERIN OIL emulsion Greasy; water is
hidden, oil is the
external portion of
emulsion

30. PURE SUBSTANCES & PHYSICAL MIXTURE
OTHER PHYSICAL MIXTURES:
Ointments, pomades, styling wax
( combination of PETROLEUM JELLY , OIL & WAX)
POWDERS- Mixture of one or more solids

31. COMMON CHEMICAL PRODUCT INGREDIENTS
VOLATILE ALCOHOLS- Evaporate easily
ETHYLALCO
ISOPROPYL
ALCOHOL

32. COMMON CHEMICAL PRODUCT INGREDIENTS
AMMONIA-
•
•
• Colorless pungent gas;
NITROGEN & HYDROGEN
Raise pH
Ammonium hydroxide,
Ammonium thioglycolate
( ammonia compounds )
ALKANOLAMINES-
•
• Alkaline substances used to
neutralize acids or raise pH
Used in place of Ammonia
( less odor )

33. COMMON CHEMICAL PRODUCT INGREDIENTS
GLYCERIN-
•
• Sweet, odorless, oily
substance
Used as solvent and
moisturizer in skin &
body creams
SILICONE-
•
• Oil used in hair
conditioner, nail
polish dryer, water
resistant lubricant
Breathable

34. COMMON CHEMICAL PRODUCT INGREDIENTS
• Contain carbon
• Hairspray- Ethyl alcohol
• Nail polish/removers- Ethyl
acetate & isopropyl alcohol

35. • What is the difference between a solution and a suspension?
• What does an emulsifier do? ;Brings together what 2 types of
liquids?
• 2 parts of the surfactant ?
• Difference between Oil in water and Water in oil?
• What are some other types of chemical products?
• What is an alkalomine?
• What does VOC stand for

36. pH – POTENTIAL HYDROGEN & IONIZATION
CATION-
positive +
ANION-
Negative -

37. 9
Clean Maniac
HighLift
Hardwear16
Sculpting spray
4
Anti Snap
Ringlet
Rebel Tame
7
Beach
Envy
Air Dry
5.50
All soft
Color
Extend
LOGARITHMIC
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, ,

38. ACID Hydrogen ion
• ALPHAHYDROXYACID (AHA)- derived from
plants; exfoliants, lotions, conditioner, cream
• THIOGLYCOLIC ACID- colorless liquid, perms,
contract & close cuticle
• GLYCOLIC ACID- alpha hydroxyl acid used in
exfoliation & to lower pH of products
ALKALIS Hydroxide ion
• Interchangeable with the term BASE
• Above 7
• Feels slippery / soapy on skin
• Sodium hydroxide ( lye )
• Hair relaxers, callous softeners, drain cleaner
NEUTRALIZATION

39. • What does pH stand for?
• Why is pH important?
• Acidic has what types of ions?
• The more alkaline the more ions?
• Terms for positive and negative ions?
• Base can also mean?
• What is logarithmic?
• What does AHA standfor?
• What is a acid that is colorless and found in perms?