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This document summarizes a review on the irrational use of antibiotics leading to antibiotic resistance. It introduces that antibiotic resistance emerged shortly after penicillin was introduced and has become a major public health concern. The primary cause of antimicrobial resistance is the irrational use of antibiotics, which results in a rapid increase in resistance. The review aims to study how irrational antibiotic use develops resistance and reduces drug efficacy, determine the causes of irrational medication use, examine which antibiotics are used and by whom, and identify factors influencing antibiotic use patterns and the costs and benefits of changing use.
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The usage of antibiotics in bangladesh
Antibiotics are drugs which have saved and still saving hundreds of thousands of lives every year. Antibiotics are possibly the most vital advancement in the history of medicine and undoubtedly; they are among medicine's most prevailing sector. But the other side of the coin offers us “antibiotic resistance” which is a serious and one of the most threatening healthcare problems worldwide
Antibiotic use at jessore in bangladesh
This document summarizes a survey on antibiotic use in Jessore district. The survey aimed to determine the condition of antibiotic use and the most prescribed and popular brands. The results found that cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotic class, comprising 22% of prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were azithromycin, cephalosporins, flucloxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. The most acceptable pharmaceutical companies in the region were Square, SK+F, ACI, Aristopharma, ACME, Incepta, and Drug International. The survey also analyzed the generation of cephalosporins used and the age groups that received antibiotics
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Antibiotic resistance is a form of drug resistance whereby certain sub-populations of a microorganism, usually a bacterial species, are able to survive after exposure to one or more antibiotics; pathogens resistant to multiple antibiotics are considered multidrug resistant (MDR) and the issue is the subject of ongoing investigation these days. The present study observed the rationality of antibiotics prescribed in an outpatient setting in a tertiary care hospital.
A prospective cohort study was conducted for 2 months on the patients who were prescribed antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital in outpatient setting. The prescriptions of patients were evaluated with respect to the medical condition of the patient. A total of 500 prescriptions were evaluated for rationality out of which 240 prescriptions (48%) were rational and 260 prescriptions (52%) were found to be irrational. The misuse of antibiotics continues to haunt the health care system of Pakistan and pose a threat of pandemic of bacterial resistance due to irrational use. Interventions by clinical pharmacists in the given situation are the need of the hour.
Antibiotic Resistance as a development and aid issue
1) The document discusses the global threat of antibiotic resistance, noting it is a development and aid issue.
2) Key factors that have contributed to the rise of antibiotic resistance include overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, overprescription by doctors, lack of access to diagnostics in developing countries, and global travel and trade.
3) Addressing antibiotic resistance requires strengthening surveillance, rationalizing antibiotic use, securing access to effective antibiotics globally, developing new diagnostics and treatment guidelines, and reframing antibiotic resistance as a global health and development priority.
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Newer approaches are needed to address antibiotic resistance, which has been a problem for 50 years. Doctors and farmers should only use antibiotics when necessary and complete full prescriptions. People and the agriculture sector can help by vaccinating, practicing good hygiene, and limiting antibiotic use in healthy animals. While new antibiotics are in development, none will work against the most dangerous resistant bacteria. A global, multi-sector effort is required to address this growing problem.
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Antibiotic resistance poses serious risks to global public health in the future, including the potential for 10 million deaths per year by 2050 from currently treatable infections and diseases becoming deadly again without effective treatments. Recognition of these future impacts is important for emphasizing the urgent need to change antibiotic prescription and usage. If antibiotic resistance continues to grow, global health systems will lose control over infectious diseases and see increased rates of severe infection, hospitalization, disability and death. Many medical procedures may also become riskier as common postoperative infections become difficult or impossible to treat.
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A prospective cohort study was conducted for 2 months on the patients who were prescribed antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital in outpatient setting. The prescriptions of patients were evaluated with respect to the medical condition of the patient. A total of 500 prescriptions were evaluated for rationality out of which 240 prescriptions (48%) were rational and 260 prescriptions (52%) were found to be irrational. The misuse of antibiotics continues to haunt the health care system of Pakistan and pose a threat of pandemic of bacterial resistance due to irrational use. Interventions by clinical pharmacists in the given situation are the need of the hour.
Antibiotic Resistance as a development and aid issue
1) The document discusses the global threat of antibiotic resistance, noting it is a development and aid issue.
2) Key factors that have contributed to the rise of antibiotic resistance include overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, overprescription by doctors, lack of access to diagnostics in developing countries, and global travel and trade.
3) Addressing antibiotic resistance requires strengthening surveillance, rationalizing antibiotic use, securing access to effective antibiotics globally, developing new diagnostics and treatment guidelines, and reframing antibiotic resistance as a global health and development priority.
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Newer approaches are needed to address antibiotic resistance, which has been a problem for 50 years. Doctors and farmers should only use antibiotics when necessary and complete full prescriptions. People and the agriculture sector can help by vaccinating, practicing good hygiene, and limiting antibiotic use in healthy animals. While new antibiotics are in development, none will work against the most dangerous resistant bacteria. A global, multi-sector effort is required to address this growing problem.
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Antibiotic resistance poses serious risks to global public health in the future, including the potential for 10 million deaths per year by 2050 from currently treatable infections and diseases becoming deadly again without effective treatments. Recognition of these future impacts is important for emphasizing the urgent need to change antibiotic prescription and usage. If antibiotic resistance continues to grow, global health systems will lose control over infectious diseases and see increased rates of severe infection, hospitalization, disability and death. Many medical procedures may also become riskier as common postoperative infections become difficult or impossible to treat.
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Antibiotics and similar drugs, together called antimicrobial agents, have been used for the last many years to treat patients who have infectious diseases. The treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly complicated because microorganisms can develop resistance to antimicrobial agents, since the first usage of antimicrobials, the resistance among bacteria has progressively increased and has accelerated within the last 10 years. This is largely due to the increasing presence of pathogenic microorganisms with resistance to previous antibiotic agents, resulting in the administration of improper treatment, not only in humans but also in companion and food animals and the environment which has caused the rise in antibiotic resistance. Although efforts are being made in all the areas, there is an urgent need to increase the effectiveness of these interventions or some bacterial infections will become difficult if not impossible to treat reliably.
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This Congressional briefing document discusses the growing crisis of antibiotic resistance and its enormous economic and public health impacts. It notes that antibiotic resistant infections result in more deaths and disability and cost the healthcare system billions annually in increased costs and lost productivity. The overuse of antibiotics in agriculture also contributes to the rise of resistant bacteria, with millions of pounds used annually in food animals often just for growth promotion rather than therapeutic purposes. Presenters recommend banning the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in food animal production, increasing veterinary oversight of antibiotic use, and improving monitoring and surveillance of antibiotic resistance in both the healthcare and agricultural sectors.Steps to combat antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance is a complex issue that requires coordinated efforts between healthcare providers, patients, governments, and industries. Key problems contributing to resistance include overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals, lack of tools to monitor resistance, and lack of coordination between stakeholders. Coordinated actions are needed such as educational campaigns to optimize antibiotic use, regulation of antibiotic use, development of new diagnostic tests and antibiotics, and improved global collaboration and data sharing. The WHO and countries like the US are developing plans to combat resistance through various prevention and research efforts.
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Rational use of antibiotics is important for patient safety and public health. Antibiotics play an important role in orthopedic surgeries, both for treating infections and as prophylaxis when implants are used. The characteristics of implant materials also impact infection risk, with titanium having lower risk than other materials due to its biocompatibility. Antibiotic prophylaxis is justified for surgeries involving implants as it can reduce infection rates. However, irrational antibiotic usage has contributed to rising antibiotic resistance, so prudent antibiotic stewardship following guidelines is important.
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Rational Use of Antibiotics. Infection was a major cause of morbidity and mortality, before the development of antibiotics.
The treatment of infections faced a great challenge during those periods.
Later in 1928, the discovery of Penicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, by Alexander Fleming opened up the golden era of antibiotics.
It marked a revolution in the treatment of infectious diseases and stimulated new efforts to synthesize newer antibiotics.
The period between the 1950s and 1970s is considered the golden era of discovery of novel antibiotic classes, with very few classes discovered since then.
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This document summarizes a presentation on antibiotic resistance given by Dr. Steven Solomon. It makes four key points:
1. Antibiotic resistance is a serious global public health problem that spreads rapidly through travel and is worsening as antibiotic use continues to rise in all settings.
2. All antibiotic use, whether in humans, animals, or the environment, contributes to the development of resistance. Antibiotics have been overused in many contexts, and disrupt the human microbiome in ways that aid the spread of resistance.
3. Changing antibiotic usage will require changing perceptions and thinking about antibiotics through improved education and communication. New data systems and genomic analysis can help optimize prescribing and prevent infections.
4.
A survey on public awareness of antibiotic resistance dddd
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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common skin bacteria that can cause infections when entering the bloodstream. It often forms biofilms, which make infections difficult to treat and allow bacteria to become antibiotic resistant. The study aims to analyze differences in antibiotic susceptibility between antibiotic resistant and non-resistant S. epidermidis strains that do not produce biofilms. By comparing their expressed proteins, the study seeks to better understand antibiotic resistance in S. epidermidis to provide insight into device-related infections.
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The treatment of infections faced a great challenge during those periods.
Later in 1928, the discovery of Penicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, by Alexander Fleming opened up the golden era of antibiotics.
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The period between the 1950s and 1970s is considered the golden era of discovery of novel antibiotic classes, with very few classes discovered since then.
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3. Changing antibiotic usage will require changing perceptions and thinking about antibiotics through improved education and communication. New data systems and genomic analysis can help optimize prescribing and prevent infections.
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The rapid increase in mortality rate associated with the spread of the novel coronavirus infection has spurred the urgent need for research-driven therapies. In an effort to address this issue, researchers at Stony Brook Medicine revisited a century-old approach to treating infectious diseases known as convalescent plasma. This involves introducing antibody-rich plasma from a healthy patient (who had recovered from the virus) to a sick patient's blood serum to optimize immune response to the infection.
According to Dr. Elliott Bennett-Guerrero, the lead researcher, an infected patient may gain an immune system benefit enabling recovery from the illness through an antibody-rich plasma transfusion. He also added that the approach is potentially beneficial at the early stages of the disease, when patients are yet to develop sufficient levels of antibodies to fight the infection. This study was approved by the FDA on April 2, 2020.
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The document discusses antibiotic stewardship and strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. It outlines how inappropriate antibiotic use has led to increased antibiotic resistant organisms and how antimicrobial stewardship aims to optimize antibiotic use and minimize unintended consequences. The document provides numerous examples of antibiotic stewardship strategies including obtaining cultures before prescribing antibiotics, using local antibiotic resistance data to guide treatment, reviewing culture results to modify prescriptions, restricting broad-spectrum antibiotics, and monitoring treatment response and duration. It stresses the importance of education, guidelines, surveillance, and metrics to evaluate antibiotic stewardship programs.
Antibiotic abuse
This study reviewed antibiotic use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Misurata Medical Center from January to February 2018. It found that 97.3% of the 37 babies treated received penicillin alone or with gentamicin, for durations mostly between 3-7 days. Most treatment was based on clinical suspicion of infection rather than confirmed diagnosis, as only 2 cases underwent full sepsis workup. The main reasons for admission and initiating antibiotics empirically were preterm birth, caesarean delivery, low birth weight, and prolonged rupture of membranes - highlighting overuse and misuse of antibiotics without microbiological justification in the NICU.
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The document discusses India's pharmaceutical exports and the Pharmaceutical Export Promotion Council of India (Pharmexcil). It notes that India is a major global manufacturer and exporter of pharmaceuticals, exporting to over 200 countries. Pharmexcil is the government agency that promotes pharmaceutical exports and organizes trade delegations and meetings. The top importer of Indian pharmaceuticals is the US, accounting for 25% of exports. Exports have grown in recent years and India aims to further increase its share of global pharmaceutical exports.
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This document is a questionnaire about indie rock music preferences. It asks respondents if they listen to indie rock and, if so, their favorite artist. It also collects demographic information like gender, ethnicity, and age. Finally, it asks about music video preferences, including narrative vs. performance, black and white vs. color, and location choices like urban, club, countryside or studio.
Rdu hospital mar_9_2015
คู่มือ Rational drug use hospital
มีนาคม 2558
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http://drug.fda.moph.go.th:81/nlem.in.th/sites/default/files/attachments/khuumuue_rdu_hospital_mar_9_2015.pdf
Parker Brand Creative Services - The Local Brand Builders
Parker Brand Creative Services is a Louisiana advertising agency that offers a full-scope of creative services to local, regional and national brands.
Parker Brand Creative Services heaviest concentration of clients is located in the growing Lake Charles, Louisiana area.
Parker Brand Creative Services is located in Lake Charles' sister city, Sulphur, Louisiana.
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Antibiotics Smart Use Program
Changing antibiotic prescribing and consumption behaviour based on theoretically-guided, multifaceted interventions.
Dominos report
This document provides an analysis of Domino's Pizza, including its business segments, accounting practices, financial ratios, marketing strategies, and opportunities for growth. Domino's operates domestic stores and supply chain segments, as well as an international segment. It has a highly leveraged capital structure with significant debt. The analysis evaluates Domino's financial position and performance, and recommends developing a customer loyalty program and expanding in China to further grow profits.
Parker Pen Company
Answers of questions asked in case study Parker Pen Company in book International Marketing by Michael R. Czinkota & Iikka A. Ronkainen
Parker pen co
Parker Pen Co. is a private company that manufactures writing instruments. Founded in 1888, it was acquired by Gillette in 1993 and then sold to Newell Rubbermaid in 2000. Parker produces fountain pens, ballpoint pens, inks, and refills. Its brands include Parker, Paper Mate, Waterman, and Liquid Paper.
In the past, Parker pursued a strategy of rigid centralization and standardization under CEO James Peterson. It began marketing lower-end products more widely. This strategic change failed as it alienated loyal customers and did not account for differences in global markets. The key lessons are that not all products can be marketed uniformly worldwide, and rapid strategic changes can damage brand loyalty
Ppt on dominos
- Domino's Pizza was founded in 1960 and is now the second largest pizza chain in the US with over 8,500 stores globally.
- In India, Domino's opened its first store in 1996 and now has around 274 stores across 55 cities, generating 70% of revenue from home deliveries.
- Domino's vision is to be the best pizza delivery company worldwide and it aims to introduce new products, improve delivery services, and gain customer loyalty.
Dominos Pizza
Domino's Pizza is the world's second largest pizza chain with over 9,000 stores across 60 countries. Founded in 1960 in Michigan, Domino's focuses on home delivery and has a network of over 300 stores in India. Key products include pizzas, breadsticks, pastas and wings. Domino's emphasizes a vision of being the best pizza delivery company through its mission of consistently delighting customers with great tasting food and friendly service. The company utilizes a hub-and-spoke distribution model and focuses on intensive online and mobile ordering to drive growth.
PHARMACOLOGY - ANTIBIOTICS
This document summarizes key information about various classes of anti-infective drugs including their mechanisms of action, spectrum of activity, common adverse effects, and examples within each class. It covers penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides - describing their therapeutic uses, contraindications, and implications for nursing care including monitoring patients and providing education.
The Top Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2017
We analyzed all the recruiting activity on LinkedIn this year and identified the Top Skills employers seek. Starting Oct 24, learn these skills and much more for free during the Week of Learning.
#AlwaysBeLearning https://learning.linkedin.com/week-of-learning
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2) Some changes implemented based on UX findings include installing hot water taps, changing hours, and adding blankets - aimed at improving the small details of user experience.
3) The presentation encourages other libraries, archives and museums to try incorporating UX techniques like behavioral mapping and cognitive interviews to inform design changes that enhance services for users.
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Parker Brand Creative Services - The Local Brand Builders
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Rational Drug Use : Drug use in 3 commom diease in Thailand
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UX, ethnography and possibilities: for Libraries, Museums and Archives
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Similar to Midterm research method hemant chandwani
13 vol.-4-issue-2-feb-2013-ijpsr-ra-2131-paper-13 (1)
This study evaluated the utilization pattern of antibiotics at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North Karnataka, India by analyzing 250 patient prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes were cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Comparison to clinical guidelines found deviations in diagnostic testing and treatment. For many conditions like pneumonia and bronchitis, sputum testing was not performed before antibiotic prescription. Overall antibiotic use could be more rational by adhering closer to treatment guidelines. Pharmacist involvement in drug use evaluation programs may help improve antibiotic use and patient outcomes.
ANTIBOITICS TO RESISTANCE. MENACE TO CONTROL.pptx
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, and fungi change to protect themselves from antimicrobial drugs like antibiotics. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has accelerated this natural phenomenon and made it a major global health threat. While antibiotic use in humans, agriculture, and livestock all contribute to AMR, appropriate antibiotic stewardship programs that promote judicious use can help reduce the problem. New diagnostic tools and treatments are also needed to address the growing issue of drug-resistant tuberculosis, especially among children.
Strategies for overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance.pptx
Mechanism of antimicrobial resistance and possible approaches to fight against it worldwide.
Evaluation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions due to antimicrobial agents: A...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
An tibiotic policy in medical care seminar
This document outlines an antibiotic policy and discusses the importance of prudent antibiotic usage to reduce antibiotic resistance. It notes that nearly half of hospitalized patients receive antibiotics. While antibiotics have been life-saving, their overuse for trivial infections, commercial pressures, and poverty have encouraged resistance. Antibiotic resistance arises from genetic changes and spread of R plasmids between bacteria. Indiscriminate antibiotic use in animals and humans has led to the spread of resistant organisms. The policy aims to reduce resistance by engaging all prescribers, restricting certain antibiotics, and ensuring adherence through surveillance and education. The roles of microbiologists, pharmacists, and continuous staff training are emphasized.
Tamizhazhagan.1
This research article studied the bacterial population in the intensive care unit of Thanjavur Medical College Hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of five bacterial species were isolated from samples collected in the ICU, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Serratia marcescens. All isolated bacteria were tested for sensitivity to three common antibiotics - ciprofloxacin, penicillin G, and streptomycin. Most organisms were found to be sensitive to all three antibiotics tested. The identification of bacterial species and testing of antibiotic sensitivity can help inform appropriate treatment of infections in the ICU.
Antimicrobial stewardship
Antibiotics are most common therapeutic agents used in hospitals across world, however, microbial world is becoming resistant day by day, posing special challenges to clinicians specially working in ICU set ups. There are multiple ways to curb this menace, if approached together in antibiotic stewardship way, can bring about wonders and retain therapeutic potentials of these drugs.
Pprescribing practice-of-antibiotics-for-outpatients-in-bangladesh-rationalit...
This study analyzed 2,000 antibiotic prescription records from Bangladesh to evaluate rational antibiotic prescribing practices. It found that the majority (63%) of patients visited unlicensed village healthcare workers due to their widespread availability. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes were cephalosporins (36%), macrolides (25.5%), and quinolones (21%). However, 81% of prescriptions lacked clinical tests to justify antibiotic use. Only 66.5% of patients completed their full antibiotic course. The study concludes that irrational antibiotic prescribing in Bangladesh contributes to growing antibiotic resistance and calls for national treatment guidelines and public education programs.
Evaluation of Prescribing Patterns of Antibiotics in General Medicine Ward in...
Knowledge about antibiotic utilization and resistance patterns of most common microorganisms are unavailable in tertiary care hospitals. To assess the pattern of antibiotic utilization and outcome of patients in a General Medical Ward, all positive blood cultures BC over a 4 month period from July 2019 to October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty five positive BC were recorded in which patients 43 males and 22 females . 72 of the patients received antibiotics before or soon after obtaining the BC, and ceftriaxone was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic 41.93 , either alone or in combination with other antibiotics. The bacteraemia was due to gram positive cocci in 60.46 of cases, gram negative rods in 30.23 , and gram positive rods in 9.30 . Positive BC due to contamination was not included. The most common gram positive cocci were Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by S. aureus, while the most common gram negative bacilli were Brucella species, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella sp. The suspected sources of the bacteraemia were respiratory 21.2 , urinary 19.2 , or skin 19.2 . A subsequent change in the antibiotics regimen was done in 69.76 cases after BC results became available with no apparent effect on the outcome. Adding Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin clavulonic acid, piperacillintazobactum, vancomycin and clindamycin was the most frequent change done 19.4 for each equally . Complications developed in 69.76 of patients, with 88.66 of them suffering from sepsis shock. 69.23 of the patients improved and 30.77 expired death was related to infection in 87.5 of cases. In conclusion, most bacteremia in the medical ward of the hospital were due to gram positive cocci, which should be considered in antibiotic selection prior to BC. Vageeshwari Devuni | Debabrata Chaudhary "Evaluation of Prescribing Patterns of Antibiotics in General Medicine Ward in a Tertiary Care Hospital" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29618.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/29618/evaluation-of-prescribing-patterns-of-antibiotics-in-general-medicine-ward-in-a-tertiary-care-hospital/vageeshwari-devuni
Project Report
This document describes a study conducted by students on the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts. It includes an introduction discussing the increasing resistance of microbes to antibiotics and the need to find alternatives. The document outlines the methodology used, which involved collecting 9 different plant parts and testing their ethanol, acetone and petroleum ether extracts against various bacteria and fungi. The results and discussion section analyzes the effectiveness of the different plant extracts.
A Study on Pattern of Using Prophylactic Antibiotics in Caesarean Section
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Relation between Quantity of Disinfectant and Antiseptics Used and Appearance...
Relation between Quantity of Disinfectant and Antiseptics Used and Appearance...Healthcare and Medical Sciences
Relation between Quantity of Disinfectant and Antiseptics Used and Appearance of Intra-Hospital Infections in the Region of Eastern MacedoniaA Cross-sectional Study of Community Awareness in Al-Tal District, Syria, abo...
A Cross-sectional Study of Community Awareness in Al-Tal District, Syria, abo...BRNSSPublicationHubI
Background: An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections. Aims: The study aimed to identify the degree of awareness about the dangers of misuse of antibiotics, and to find out the differences about the degree of their knowledge of the dangers of using antibiotics according to the variables (Gender – age – level of education – place of residence). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted through a questionnaire prepared by the researcher consisting of (13) items in addition to some personal information (gender – age – educational level – place of residence), and the informed consent was taken from all (166) study participants. Results: There are no differences in the degree of knowledge of the risks of using antibiotics due to the sex variable, and there are differences between the estimates of the study sample in the degree of knowledge of the risks of using antibiotics. The category (25–39) was the most knowledgeable, and there were differences between the estimates of the study sample members due to the variable of place of residence due to the remote areas. Conclusion: The degree of knowledge of the risks of using antibiotics was low, as the majority of individuals (57%) had followed the advice of someone other than a doctor or used an old prescription before taking an antibiotic. These results clearly indicate the extent to which laws controlling the sale of antibiotics in pharmacies in the Syrian Arab Republic.Management of antibiotic resistance upload
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and its management. It defines antibiotic resistance as when microorganisms become resistant to drugs that previously treated infections from them. It outlines various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and lists priority resistant bacteria. It also discusses superbugs and different strategies to manage antibiotic resistance like prudent antibiotic use, infection control, developing new drugs, and reducing agricultural overuse of antibiotics.
A Study Regarding Knowledge of Anti Biotic Resistance among Engineering Stude...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
General information on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics are drugs that fight bacterial infections but not viral infections. While they have been effective, antibiotic resistance has emerged as bacteria evolve and develop ways to withstand antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance occurs globally and is considered a major public health threat. The overuse, misuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics has contributed greatly to the growth of antibiotic resistance. Rational and appropriate antibiotic use, through practices like restricting their use and employing them only when necessary, can help control the spread of resistance.
General information on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics are drugs that fight bacterial infections but not viral infections. While they have been effective, antibiotic resistance has emerged as bacteria evolve and develop ways to withstand antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance occurs globally and is considered a major public health threat. It develops due to overuse, misuse and improper use of antibiotics in both humans and livestock. Rational antibiotic use through prudent prescribing practices and infection prevention can help curb the rise and spread of antibiotic resistance.
Frequency, risk factors, and antibiogram of Acinetobacter species isolated fr...
Frequency, risk factors, and antibiogram of Acinetobacter species isolated fr...Dr Muktikesh Dash, MD, PGDFM
This study analyzed 8,749 clinical samples collected from July 2010 to December 2012 at a tertiary hospital in Odisha, India. Of these, 137 samples (3%) yielded Acinetobacter species. Most isolates were from pus/swabs (56.9%), blood (13.1%), and urine (12.4%). Risk factors for Acinetobacter infection included older age, hospitalization, longer hospital stays, comorbidities, and invasive procedures. Many isolates were multidrug-resistant (54.7% resistant to >3 antibiotic classes) or pan-drug resistant (5.8% resistant to all antibiotics tested). Isolates were most sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and pipShahajaman saju
overuse and misuse of antibiotic put all of us at danger, and help to develop drug-resistant bacteria, so-called superbugs. which ultimately increase the cost of health care. so the third world countries are facing a burden of an extra charge of expenditure and unusual death
03_IJPBA_1922_21.pdf
This study evaluated the prescribing patterns and rational use of antibiotics at the surgery department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study analyzed 150 patient prescriptions over 6 months. The results showed that the most common infections treated were cellulitis, hernia, and diabetic foot ulcers. The majority of prescriptions contained only one antibiotic, most commonly penicillins. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was the most frequently prescribed combination. Most antibiotics were administered parenterally. The antibiotic use was found to be rational, with appropriate drugs selected from the essential medicines list. The study concluded that rational antibiotic prescribing can help reduce antibiotic resistance.
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Strategies for overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance.pptx
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Evaluation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions due to antimicrobial agents: A...
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A Study on Pattern of Using Prophylactic Antibiotics in Caesarean Section
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General information on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
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Midterm research method hemant chandwani
- 1. “A REVIEW ON – IRRATIONAL USE OF ANTIBIOTICS LEADS TO DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE.” Presented by: Hemant Chandwani sadhish k Jain Aditya Delu
- 2. INTRODUCTION As early as half a century ago, just a few years after penicillin was put on the market, scientists began noticing the emergence of a penicillin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium in the human body's normal bacterial flora. the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) It has developed into a global public health concern. It is essential to minimize the opportunities for resistance to emerge. PROBLEM STATEMENT: There is not much awareness among the people about rational and irrational use of drug, however irrational use of antibiotics develops resistance and reduces the
- 3. PRIMARY CAUSE OF AMR Resistance to antibiotic is severe threat. Irrational use of antibiotics resulted in rapid increase of AMR. LITRETURE REVIEW Abbadi et al. Characterization of IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance for multidrug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a major reference hospital in Assiut, Egypt.
- 4. AI-Jebouri MM, AI-Meshhadani NS. A Iraq (Mosul): of a total of 600 isolates of E. coli collected, of which over 90% were E. coli type 1 and 8.3% serotype as enteropathogenic E coli, resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents was assessed. Over 40% were antibiotic-resistant and of these 77.1 % were resistant to more than one antibiotic.Need for study It is important to understand that why there is low awareness among patients in India regarding the irrational use of drug.. Also what are the measures we can take to enhance the awareness for rational use that increases the efficacy of drug use.
- 5. QUESTIONARRE: OBJECTIVES: •To study the development of resistance of antimicrobials by its irrational use. •To determine the cause of irrational use of medication. • Which antimicrobials are used and by whom? • What factors determine patterns of use of antimicrobial? • What are the relative costs and benefits from changing use?METHODOLOG YStudy area: India. Study respondents: Doctors and Pharmacists. Study design: Descriptive study.
- 6. Data collection approach: Source of data - Secondary data. Data analysis & interpretation: The data collected is analyzed, compiled and interpreted. Then the final report is submitted REFERENCES 1.Farhoudi-Moghaddam AA et al. Antimicrobial drug resistance and resistance factor transfer among clinical isolates of salmonellae in IraN. 2. Institute of Medicine. Antimicrobial resistance: issues and options. Workshop report. Washington DC, National Academy Press, 1998. Also available at: http://books.nap.edulbooks/0309060842/ html/R I.html EMlRC49/8 Page 19 Iqbal I, Pervez S, Bai
- 7. .